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徐州師范大學本科生畢業(yè)設計 高空作業(yè)車的轉臺結構設計及有限元分析
高空作業(yè)車轉臺的結構設計及分析
摘 要
本課題針對GKZ系列車型轉臺部分的要求工作裝置，對GKZ型高空作業(yè)車回轉機構進行設計及分析。高空作業(yè)車由液壓馬達、回轉減速器及回轉小齒輪、回轉支承等組成。進行回轉時，液壓馬達輸出動力，通過回轉減速器減速后帶動輸出軸上的小齒輪旋轉，小齒輪與回轉支承的齒圈嚙合，由于回轉支承的齒圈與車架剛性連接，因而回轉減速器帶動與之相連的轉臺回轉。
本課題確定了高空作業(yè)車回轉機構的傳動方案，采用的單排四點接觸球式回轉支承，此類支承的主要優(yōu)點是同時承受軸向、徑向力和復合力矩。適用子中小型起重機。轉臺的結構設計采用的是倒π型結構，前后兩個高強板，左右各一個支承板，再加兩個加強筋形成。對轉臺采用PRO/E進行建模，將建好的模型通過轉化放入ANSYS中進行有限元分析，分析出變形最大和受應力最大的接觸面，對分析的結果的提出改進方案，對改進后的方案進行有限元分析比較, 確定最佳方案。本方案的設計為同類轉臺的結構設計提供了理論依據(jù)和分析方法。
在課題設計的過程中使用的方法有：（1）在結構設計過程中主要對轉臺的的受力情況進行分析，計算出轉臺的受力大小和轉臺的自重，對傳動齒輪的設計及強度校核，運用繪圖軟件PRO/E進行建模。（2）將模型導入ANSYS中，對轉臺的受力情況進行分析查看其分析的結果，確保轉臺的變形和所受的應力均能符合設計要求。
[關鍵詞]：高空作業(yè)車； 轉臺結構設計；有限元分析；ANSYS
Constructional design and analysis for turn-table of aerial work platforms
Abstract
According to the requirement of working devices of turn-tables in the machine series type GKZ, this paper presented the constructional design and analysis for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms. The aerial work platforms comprised hydraulic motors, rotary speed reducers, revolving pinions, slewing bearings and so on. When the turn-table slewed, the hydraulic motor transmitted power output which enabled pinions on the output shaft to revolve. Pinions were meshed with ring gear on slewing bearings. Due to rigid connection between the ring gear on slewing bearings and the chassis, turn-tables were rotated by rotary speed reducers. Gear plan for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms and constructional design for turn-table were presented.
Gear plans transmission for slewing mechanism of aerial work platforms was provided in which single-row four-point contact ball slewing bearings were adopted. The advantage of this type of bearing, which suited small and medium crane, was that it can bear axial force, radial force and compound moment at the same time. Configurations of anti type π were adopted in constructional design for turn-table, in which there were two high strength plates in tandem, two eudipleural supporting plates and two stiffened panels. Modeling and simulation of turn tables were obtained using PRO/E. The obtained modeling was transformation and analyzed by ANSYS Finite Element Analysis software. Consequently, contact area in the maximum of deformation and stress were analyzed. According to the results, improved schemes were presented, which were further analyzed and compared by finite element analysis. Finally, the best scheme was founded. This project provided the approaches of constructional design for the similar type of turn-table in theory.
The following methods were used in this project: 1) Force situation of turn tables were analyzed in constructional design, and force variation and mass of turn-tables were calculated. The design and intensity of transmission gear were checked. Modeling and simulation were obtained using drawing software PRO/E; 2) The modeling were imputed into ANSYS and bearing force of turn-tables were analyzed. The results ensured that the deformation of turn-tables and their bearing force would meet the design requirements.
[Keywords]: Aerial work platform; Turn-tables; Constructional design; Finite element analysis; ANSYS
目 錄
第一章 緒 論 1
§1．1 引 言 1
§1．2 高空作業(yè)車的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況 1
1.2.1高空作業(yè)車的國外發(fā)展趨勢與動向 2
1.2.2高空作業(yè)車國內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀、差距與如何提高的方法 3
§ 1.3 高空作業(yè)車的組成 5
1.3.1工作機構 5
1.3.2金屬結構 6
1.3.3動力裝置 6
1.3.4控制系統(tǒng) 7
§ 1.4 本課題研究的意義 7
第二章 高空作業(yè)車的轉臺的結構分析 8
§2.1 高空作業(yè)車的轉臺總體結構設計 8
2.1.1轉臺的組成 8
§2-2 轉臺的受力分析 13
2.2.1轉臺的自重G 14
§2-3 上下臂的受力分析及計算 16
2.3.1上臂的受力分析 17
2.3.2下臂的受力分析 19
§2-4 回轉支承裝置的計算 21
2.4.1回轉支承裝置的計算載荷 21
2.4.2轉盤式回轉支承裝置的計算 22
2.4.3按承載能力曲線選取合適的回轉支承型號 22
2.4.4轉盤式回轉支承裝置的計算 24
2.4.5按承載能力曲線選取合適的回轉支承型號 24
§2.5 傳動齒輪的計算 25
第三章 轉臺的有限元分析 28
§3.1 有限元方法的基礎知識 28
§3.2 有限元分析軟件ANSYS 30
§3.3 轉臺結構的有限元分析 34
3.3.1 實體建模 34
3.3.2計算模型 34
3.3.3有限元模型 36
第4章 結 論 43
致 謝 44
參 考 文 獻 45
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