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1、專題限時檢測(二十二)閱讀理解C篇專練(三)(共3篇，限時24分鐘)A(2019泰州一模)In 2016, designer Liz Ciokajlo received a task from the Museum of Modern Art (Moma) in New York: revisit the Moon Boot, a fluffylooking snowshoe inspired by the footwear used by the Apollo astronauts.Launched in 1972 at the height of the lunar missions, t
2、he Moon Boot is an icon of the 20th Centurys “plastic age” and the museum administrators wanted a new take on it.Ciokajlo set out to reimagine it.She knew only a biomaterial would work in a “postplastic age”， but the designer also wanted a new destination to inspire it.Our generations space travel o
3、bsession is not the Moon, she thought, but the red planet Mars.And Mars allows you to really think outside of the box.The task led her to an amazing biomaterial that had already attracted the attention of engineers innovating in building materials and of top space agencies like NASA and ESA.Her fina
4、l design, a tall, female, roughlooking boot, can be made on board a spaceship with almost only human sweat and a few fungus spores (真菌孢子), ideal for a sevenmonth trip to Mars with limited checkin luggage.This magic biomaterial is mycelium (菌絲體), the vegetative part of the fungus.It looks like a mass
5、 of white thread like structures, each called hyphae.Collectively, these threads are called mycelium and are the largest part of the fungus.Mycelium has amazing properties.It is a great recycler, as it feeds off a substrate to create more material, and has the potential of almost limitless growth in
6、 the right conditions.It can endure more pressure than conventional concrete without breaking.It is a known insulator and fireretardant and could even provide radiation protection on space missions.On Earth its currently used to create ceiling panels, leather, packaging materials and building materi
7、als, but in outer space it stands out for its architectural potential, says artist and engineer Maurizio Montalti, who has teamed up with Ciokajlo.For her revisited boot, Ciokajlo wanted to use the human body as the source for some of the building materials and decided to employ sweat.Reusing sweat
8、is not entirely new in space exploration but a novelty approach for footwear.She thinks it might make astronauts feel closer to home during the long journey to Mars.The design is still hypothetical, because the real boot submitted for Moma and currently in display at the London Design Museum did use
9、 mycelium but not human sweat, as their deadline was too tight, but the science checks out.語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了科學家正在設計只用人類的汗液和一些真菌孢子來制造“月亮靴”。1The sentences “Mars has always been a place where you can dream.It is a place where you can reimagine how to live on Earth. Ciokajlo says.” should be put _.Abetween P
10、ara.1 and Para.2Bbetween Para.2 and Para.3Cbetween Para.3 and Para.4Dbetween Para.4 and Para.5解析：選C推理判斷題。 插入句主要討論關于火星的內(nèi)容，文章中mars首次出現(xiàn)在文章第三段，因此該句話可以添加在第三段后，第四、五兩段在談論biomaterial，具有連貫性，中間不適合插入其他成分。2According to the passage, which of the following doesnt belong to the characteristics of mycelium?AIt can
11、be recyclable.BIt can protect people from radiation.CIt can grow without limit whatever the condition.DCompared with conventional concrete, it can endure more pressure.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段第二句中“has the potential of almost limitless growth in the right condition”可知，它在合適的環(huán)境中成長不受限制，故C項表達錯誤。3Which of the f
12、ollowing is TRUE according to the passage?AThe new design will be used for moon exploration.BIt will be some time before the new design is put into actual use.CMycelium has been currently widely used, especially in outer space.DHuman sweat wasnt used in the design because of some drawbacks.解析：選B細節(jié)理解
13、題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句“The design is still hypothetical(adj.假設的)”可知該設計還處于設想階段，還沒有實施。4The author takes a(n) _ attitude towards the new design.AoptimisticBindifferentCobjective Ddoubtful解析：選A縱觀全文，作者對new design持有積極的態(tài)度，故選擇optimistic。B(2019揚、泰、南、淮、徐、宿、連三模)Researchers around the world interested in uncovering comp
14、lex human disorders, such as Alzheimers disease, could soon have access to cloned monkeys with genomes that have been edited to display these conditions in China.On 24 January, scientists at the Institute of Neuroscience (ION) in Shanghai reported that they had used geneediting to disable a gene in
15、monkeys that is crucial to their sleep wake cycle.The scientists then cloned one of those monkeys to produce five primates (靈長目動物) with almost identical (相同的) genes.It is the first time that researchers have cloned a geneedited monkey.Primates are the best animal model for studying higher cognitive
16、(認知的) functions and brain disorders in humans, says neuroscientist Muming Poo, IONs director and cofounder of the new 720 million yuan(US 106 million) centre.The advantage of creating cloned monkeys is that it reduces the number of animals needed for certain types of experiments, such as testing whe
17、ther a drug works.But some scientists think that experiments using monkeys should be a last approach because of their higher levels of cognition.Mitchell Lazar, who studies metabolic disease at the University of Pennsylvania, says that some experiments in mice for example, research into the genes be
18、hind human diseases are equally appropriate scientifically as in primates.Research in mice is also more accepted by the public, and the animals are cheaper and quicker to produce.Lazar worries that if scientists have ready access to populations of geneedited monkeys, they might use them for experime
19、nts when rodents (嚙齒動的) would do.Poo says that mice are not a good substitute for studying higher cognitive functions and brain disorders in humans.He argues that cloning will reduce the burden on monkeys by cutting the number used in labs.The ION follows strict international guidelines for animal r
20、esearch, he says.Poos team will continue to study the effect of gene editing on their five cloned monkeys.The group disabled a gene, BMAL1, that has a crucial role in maintaining circadian rhythm (生理節(jié)奏), the internal clock that helps a healthy sleepwake cycle.In people, BMAL1 mutations have been lin
21、ked to diabetes, hypertension and depression.The monkeys with the disabled BMAL1 genes move more at night and sleep less overall.They also display psychosis related symptoms, such as fear and anxiety, when put in unfamiliar environments.The teams next step is to look in detail at the neural(神經(jīng)的) mec
22、hanisms that might create these problems.It will also take advantage of the genetically identical monkeys to hunt for diagnostic markers of circadian rhythm related disorders and possible treatments.語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了中國開始克隆和人類有著類似基因的猴子，用來做科學實驗，從而找到一些比較棘手的疾病的治療方法。5Why were the genetically identical monkeys
23、 cloned?ATo prove scientists innovation in cloning animals.BTo study the rare characteristics of cloned monkeys.CTo explore many possibilities for monkeys cognition.DTo provide improved animal models of human diseases.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Primates are the best animal model for studying higher cogniti
24、ve(認知的) functions and brain disorders in humans，”可知，靈長類動物是研究人類高級認知功能和大腦紊亂的最佳動物模型。所以克隆更多的和人類有著類似基因的靈長類動物，是為了給人類的疾病提供更好的動物模型。6What does Mitchell Lazar think of cloning monkeys?AIt is of little value.BIt is of much practice.CIt is hardly acceptable.DIt is completely illegal.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容尤其是第二句和第三
25、句“Mitchell Lazar, . says that some experiments in mice . are equally appropriate scientifically as in primates.Research in mice is also more accepted by the public”可知，他認為用小白鼠做實驗也能達到用猴子做實驗的效果，而且用小白鼠做實驗也更容易被公眾所接受。言下之意就是用猴子做實驗不容易被人們所接受。7From the passage we can know that Poos team will _.Acontinue to di
26、sable a gene on the monkeysBtry to clone more monkeys and edit their genesCfind the similarities between humans and monkeysDdetermine the cause of sleep disorders and find cures解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“It will also take advantage of the genetically identical monkeys to hunt for diagnostic markers of cir
27、cadian rhythm related disorders and possible treatments.” 可知，它還將利用基因相同的猴子來尋找晝夜節(jié)律相關疾病的診斷標記和可能的治療方法。8Whats the main idea of the passage?AChinese effort to clone geneedited monkeys kicks off.BChinese dream to clone monkeys has finally come true.CCloning monkeys is an important breakthrough in science.D
28、Cloning geneedited monkeys has caused some moral risks.解析：選A根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，世界各地對發(fā)現(xiàn)復雜的人類疾病(如阿爾茨海默病)感興趣的研究人員，很快就在中國在基因被編輯過的克隆猴上做實驗了。再根據(jù)第二段最后一句“It is the first time that researchers have cloned a geneedited monkey.”這是第一次有研究人員使用克隆猴，由此可見以“中國克隆基因編輯過猴子的努力開始了”作為文章的標題比較適合。C(2019蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)三模) Our home galaxy(星系), th
29、e Milky Way, makes for a pretty space picture, and it looks normal at a distance.But a new 3D map reveals a surprise._ _The Milky Way is a spiral (漩渦型的) galaxy, in which stars and gas clouds exist mainly in its spiral “arms”O(jiān)ur massive neighbor, the Andromeda galaxy (仙女座), is also spiral.Spiral gala
30、xies usually appear very flat and easy to see through a telescope, said the researchers.Using 1,339 large, pulsating (脈沖的) stars to make a 3D map of the Milky Way, researchers discovered instead that the galaxys disk of stars is increasingly twisting, most likely due to the spinning of the disk.And
31、the farther the stars are from the center, the more twisted it becomes.Previously, astronomers saw evidence of hydrogen clouds becoming warped (彎曲的) in the Milky Way.This isnt completely abnormal, because astronomers have noticed the same pattern of progressively twisting spirals in about a dozen ot
32、her galaxies.But it does help them make more sense of our galaxy.Because we live in this galaxy, that makes it harder to observe, and dust and starlight make it even more difficult when using telescopes.Trying to determine what our galactic center looks like is similar to trying to find the center o
33、f a forest youre standing in.“It is extremely difficult to determine distances from the Sun to parts of the Milky Ways outer gas disk without having a clear idea of what that disk actually looks like，” lead study author Xiaodian Chen of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing said in a statement.
34、From afar, the Milky Way appears like a thin rotating (旋轉(zhuǎn)的) disk of stars, orbiting the center every few hundred million years.In the center, hundreds of billions of stars and dark matter hold the galaxy together.But as you move toward the outermost reaches of the galaxy, the gravitational glue of t
35、he center fades.In the outer disk, this keeps hydrogen gas from being restricted, which contributes to an Sshaped warping.“Somewhat to our surprise, we found that in 3D our collection of 1,339 stars and the Milky Ways gas disk follow each other closely.This offers new insights into the formation of
36、our home galaxy，” Richard de Grijs, senior study coauthor and professor at Macquarie Universitys Department of Physics and Astronomy, said in a statement.“Perhaps more importantly, in the Milky Ways outer regions, we found that the Slike stellar (星的) disk is warped in a progressively twisted spiral
37、pattern.”So the massive inner disks rotational force causes the outer disk to warp, the researchers concluded.“This research provides a crucial updated map for studies of our galaxys stellar motions and the origins of the Milky Way，” said Licai Deng, coauthor and senior researcher at the Chinese Aca
38、demy of Sciences, in a statement.語篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說明文。一張新的3D地圖顯示了一個讓人驚訝的事：銀河系正在被它的恒星所扭曲。這項研究使得我們對銀河系的恒星運動和銀河系起源有了新的認識。9Which of the following might be the missing sentence in the first paragraph?AThe Milky Way is being warped and twisted by its stars.BThe Milky Way is spiral and orbiting itself all the t
39、ime.CThe formation of our home galaxy is due to the force of gravity.DThe origin of the Milky Way lies in its rotational force.解析：選A推理判斷題。先看前文“a new 3D map reveals a surprise.”，可見填補句突出的特點是surprise令人驚奇的，然后再看后幾段內(nèi)容的提示，第二段提到“spiral”螺旋型，第三段“Milky Way . increasingly twisting”，第四段“evidence of . becoming wa
40、rped (彎曲的) in the Milky Way”可見A正確。10What does the underlined “this” refer to?AThe Milky Way.BThe gravitational glue.CThe fading of gravity.DThe outermost reach of the galaxy.解析：選C代詞指代題。根據(jù)this所在的句子的上一句“as you move toward the outermost reaches of the galaxy, the gravitational glue of the center fades”
41、可知當你向星系的最外層移動時，星系中心的引力會逐漸消失，然后“In the outer disk, this keeps . from being restricted ”在外區(qū)，this使氫氣不受限制，“this”就應該是上文提到的“the fading of gravity”。11Which of the following is true according to the passage? AThe galaxy we live in is unique for its special spirals.BThe stars in the center of the Milky Way a
42、re more twisted.CThe distance from the sun to other stars is already known to scientists.DThe rotation of its inner center forces the Milky Way to twist.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“inner disks rotational force causes the outer disk to warp”可知D正確。12What is the significance of this finding?AIt reveals why
43、the Milky Way is a flat and spiral galaxy.BIt leads to a breakthrough of using 3D technology in space research.CIt proves a previous way of observing the Milky Way while we are living in it.DIt contributes to our knowledge about the Milky Way.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的評論“provides a crucial updated map for studies of our galaxys stellar motions and the origins of the Milky Way”可知這項研究為研究銀河系的恒星運動和銀河系起源提供了一張重要的更新地圖。也就是說增加了我們對于銀河系的了解。7
（江蘇專用）2020高考英語二輪復習 專題限時檢測（二十二）閱讀理解C篇專練（三）
