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沈陽(yáng)工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書
摘 要
數(shù)控技術(shù)是制造業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化、柔性化、集成化生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ)，現(xiàn)代的CAD/CAM、柔性制造系統(tǒng)、計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)等等，都是建立在數(shù)控技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)之上的。同時(shí)，數(shù)控技術(shù)也關(guān)系到國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略地位，是體現(xiàn)國(guó)家綜合國(guó)力水平的重要基礎(chǔ)性產(chǎn)業(yè)因素之一，其水平高低是衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家制造業(yè)現(xiàn)代化程度的核心標(biāo)志。實(shí)現(xiàn)加工機(jī)床及生產(chǎn)過程數(shù)控化，已成為當(dāng)今制造業(yè)的發(fā)展方向。推廣與應(yīng)用數(shù)控技術(shù)是我國(guó)機(jī)械制造行業(yè)的一項(xiàng)重要的戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)。數(shù)控機(jī)床的生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)間短，所制造的零件重復(fù)精度高，對(duì)改變零件設(shè)計(jì)的適用性強(qiáng)，夾具成本低，加工形狀復(fù)雜的零件時(shí)準(zhǔn)確可靠。因此，數(shù)控機(jī)床在現(xiàn)階段以及以后的時(shí)間將占據(jù)重要地位。
本題目是數(shù)控車床CK6163的縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。首先根據(jù)典型工藝數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)合擬定參數(shù)，傳動(dòng)方案的確定。對(duì)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)主要結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，包括選擇滾珠絲杠螺母副和減速箱體的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，從而完成整個(gè)進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)。然后，通過計(jì)算選擇步進(jìn)電機(jī)，驅(qū)動(dòng)滾珠絲杠運(yùn)動(dòng)，從而帶動(dòng)工作臺(tái)運(yùn)動(dòng)。基于AT89C51對(duì)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，使電機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)正反轉(zhuǎn)，快速正反轉(zhuǎn)功能，保證對(duì)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的控制要求，從而完成整個(gè)進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。
關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控機(jī)床；滾珠絲杠；步進(jìn)電機(jī)；單片機(jī)
I
Abstract
Numerical control technique is the basic of automation, flexible, integrated, production in manufacturing, modern CAD/CAM, flexible manufacturing systems, computer integrated manufacturing systems are all built on the basic of numerical control technology. At the same time, numerical control technique is related to the strategic importance of a country and it is one of the important foundation industries to reflect the overall national strength of a country, the level of which is the core signs of measuring the modernization of a country’s manufacturing. The realization of the processing of CNC machine tools and production processes has become the development direction of the manufacturing. Popularizing and using numerical control technology is a strategic task in our mechanical manufacturing industry. NC machine tools, which can produce parts with high repeated precision and manufacture complex shape parts with reliability, need no more time to prepare, have more flexibility to alteration of parts, and clamping apparatuses of NC machine tools are very simple. Consequently, NC machine tools will play an important position in mechanical manufacturing at now and a period of time in the future.
The topic is the design of CK6163 vertical feed system. First of all, the solution of transmission will be determined according to the typical technological data and combined with the formulation parameters. Design the main structure of the transmission system, including choice the ball screw and design the structure of the slowdown box, so as to complete the design of mechanical structure of the whole system. Then, choice the stepping motor by calculating, drive the ball screw, which led campaign table. In order to complete the design of feeding system, design the control system of stepping motor based on AT89C51, so that the motor to achieve positive or negative rotating, rapid positive or negative rotating, ensure the control of the transmission system.
Key words: CNC machine tools；ball screw；stepping motor；single-chip
II
目錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 緒論 1
1.1 數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展歷史與現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2 發(fā)展數(shù)控機(jī)床的必要性 2
1.3 數(shù)控機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)與特點(diǎn) 2
1.4 數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展方向 5
2 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)與方案確定 7
2.1 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) 7
2.2 設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)參數(shù) 7
2.3 總體方案的確定 7
3 機(jī)械傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 8
3.1 計(jì)算內(nèi)容及步驟 8
3.2 滾珠絲杠設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 8
3.2.1 切削力的計(jì)算 8
3.2.2 滾珠絲杠螺母副的計(jì)算和選型 8
3.2.3 滾珠絲杠螺母副的驗(yàn)算 10
3.3 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的計(jì)算與選型 12
3.3.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)選型 12
3.3.2 傳動(dòng)比的確定 13
3.3.3 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的計(jì)算 13
3.3.4 步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩校核 14
3.3.5 步進(jìn)電機(jī)性能校核 15
3.4 滾珠絲杠的預(yù)緊和消隙 16
4 環(huán)保性與經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析 17
4.1 經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析 17
4.2 環(huán)保性分析 17
結(jié)論 19
參考文獻(xiàn) 20
致 謝 21
4