可變軸距多軸鉆床設(shè)計(jì)【多軸可調(diào)鉆床】
可變軸距多軸鉆床設(shè)計(jì)【多軸可調(diào)鉆床】,多軸可調(diào)鉆床,可變軸距多軸鉆床設(shè)計(jì)【多軸可調(diào)鉆床】,可變,軸距,鉆床,設(shè)計(jì),可調(diào)
濰坊學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
摘要
本設(shè)計(jì)是關(guān)于可變軸距多軸鉆床的設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)一種鉆床用鉆軸均布可調(diào)多軸頭。該多軸頭各軸在圓周方向均布卻可方便地沿直徑方向同步調(diào)整,普通鉆床為單軸機(jī)床,但安裝上多軸箱就會(huì)成為多軸的鉆床,改造成多軸鉆床后,能大大地縮短加工時(shí)間,提高生產(chǎn)效率。本設(shè)計(jì)涉及一種可調(diào)間距的多軸鉆床,包括機(jī)身,底座,工作臺(tái),主電機(jī),主軸箱設(shè)置在機(jī)身上并位于工作臺(tái)的上方,所述的主軸箱內(nèi)設(shè)有萬向節(jié),萬向節(jié)的上端通過齒輪或帶輪與主電機(jī)相連接,萬向節(jié)的下端與鉆頭主軸相連接,設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容包括齒輪分布與選用、軸的設(shè)計(jì)、多軸箱的選用、導(dǎo)向裝置設(shè)計(jì)等。不過國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)在多軸鉆床傳動(dòng)箱大都采用萬向節(jié)連桿式傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),其缺點(diǎn)是鉆桿位置調(diào)節(jié)由萬向節(jié)和連桿實(shí)現(xiàn),調(diào)節(jié)麻煩,調(diào)節(jié)位置不準(zhǔn)確,萬向節(jié)的存在還使傳動(dòng)箱的軸向尺寸增大,傳動(dòng)剛性很差,這些缺點(diǎn)都可使工件孔的位置精度和尺寸精度不易保證,造成裝配困難。
關(guān)鍵詞: 多軸鉆床; 可調(diào)軸距; 多軸箱
Abstract
This design is about the variable wheelbase multi-axis drilling machine design. Introduction of a drilling machine drill shaft can be adjustable multi spindle heads. The multiple spindle axis in are uniformly distributed in the circumference direction can easily along the diameter direction synchronous adjustment, the ordinary drill is a single axis machine tool, but mounted on the spindle becomes a multi-axis drilling machine, transformed into a machine, can greatly shorten the processing time, improve production efficiency. The utility model relates to a adjustable multi spindle drilling machine, comprising a body, do more, work table, the main motor, the spindle box is arranged in the body and is positioned on the worktable, wherein the spindle box is provided with a universal joint, the upper end of the universal joint through gear or belt wheel is connected with the main motor, universal joint the lower end of the drill bit is connected with the main shaft, the design includes the selection and distribution of gear wheel, shaft design, selection of the multiple spindle heads, guiding device design. But now the domestic machine transmission box adopts universal joint connecting rod type transmission structure, its disadvantages are the drill rod position adjustment by the universal joint and the connecting rod to realize the trouble, regulation, regulation of position is not accurate, universal existence also causes gearbox axial size increases, drive rigidity is poor, these shortcomings can make the workpiece bore location accuracy and dimensional accuracy can not be guaranteed, causing difficulty in fitting.
KEY WORDS: multiple drill;adjust; multiple spindle heads
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目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1 可變軸距多軸加工的介紹 1
1.2 多軸加工的應(yīng)用 1
1.3 多軸加工優(yōu)勢(shì) 1
1.4 多軸加工的設(shè)備 1
1.4.1 多軸頭 2
1.4.2 多軸箱 2
1.4.3 多軸鉆床 2
1.4.4 自動(dòng)更換主軸箱機(jī)床 2
1.5 可變軸距多軸加工趨勢(shì) 3
第2章 可變軸距多軸鉆床的概述 4
2.1 可變軸距多軸鉆床的定義 4
2.2 可變軸距多軸加工的特點(diǎn) 4
2.3 可變軸距多軸鉆床的工作原理 4
2.4 可調(diào)軸間距多軸頭的結(jié)構(gòu) 5
2.4.1 連接部分 5
2.4.2 傳動(dòng)部分 5
2.4.3 軸間距的調(diào)整部分 5
2.4.4 鉆頭的裝夾部分 5
第3章 可調(diào)軸距多軸鉆床總體設(shè)計(jì) 6
3.1 生產(chǎn)任務(wù) 6
3.2 可調(diào)多軸立式鉆床的選型 6
3.2.1 計(jì)算所需電機(jī)功率 6
3.2.2 立式鉆床的確定 7
3.2.3 立鉆型專機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算書 8
第4章??多軸齒輪傳動(dòng)箱的設(shè)計(jì) 9
4.1 設(shè)計(jì)前的準(zhǔn)備工作 9
4.2 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 10
第5章 導(dǎo)向裝置及接桿刀具的設(shè)計(jì) 15
5.1 導(dǎo)向裝置組成 15
5.2 接桿刀具 15
總結(jié) 16
參考文獻(xiàn) 17
致謝 18
第1章 緒 論
1.1 可變軸距多軸加工的介紹
鉆孔加工在機(jī)械加工中是再普通不過的工序了。在中小批量的生產(chǎn)中,通常采用普通立式鉆床,一次鉆一個(gè)孔,然后移位鉆另一個(gè)孔。這種加工方法效率很低,而且孔的位置度難以保證。為了解決這一矛盾,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了用于普通立式鉆床的可調(diào)式多軸鉆孔頭。在設(shè)備、人力不增加的情況下,配上可調(diào)式多軸鉆孔頭,不僅可使加工效率成倍增加,而且加工精度及孔的位置度得到保證。
1.2 多軸加工的應(yīng)用
據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),一般在車間中普通機(jī)床的平均切削時(shí)間很少超過全部工作時(shí)間的15%。其余時(shí)間是看圖、裝卸工件、調(diào)換刀具、操作機(jī)床、測(cè)量 以及清除鐵屑等等。使用數(shù)控機(jī)床雖然能提高85%,但購(gòu)置費(fèi)用大。某些情況下,即使生產(chǎn)率高,但加工相同的零件,其成本不一定比普通機(jī)床低。故必須更多地縮短加工時(shí)間。不同的加工方法有不同的特點(diǎn),就鉆削加工而言,多軸加工是一種通過少量投資來提高生產(chǎn)率的有效措施。文獻(xiàn)[1]
1.3 多軸加工優(yōu)勢(shì)
雖然不可調(diào)式多軸頭在自動(dòng)線中早有應(yīng)用,但只局限于大批量生產(chǎn)。即使采用可調(diào)式多軸頭擴(kuò)大了使用范圍,仍然遠(yuǎn)不能滿足批量小、孔型復(fù)雜的要求。尤其隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展,大型復(fù)雜的多軸加工更是引人注目。例如原子能發(fā)電站中大型冷凝器水冷壁管板有15000個(gè)ψ20孔,若以搖臂鉆床加工,單單鉆孔與锪沉頭孔就要842.5小時(shí),另外還要?jiǎng)澗€工時(shí)151.1小時(shí)。但若以數(shù)控八軸落地鉆床加工,鉆锪孔只要171.6小時(shí),劃線也簡(jiǎn)單,只要1.9小時(shí)。因此,利用數(shù)控控制的二個(gè)坐標(biāo)軸,使刀具正確地對(duì)準(zhǔn)加工位置,結(jié)合多軸加工不但可以擴(kuò)大加工范圍,而且在提高精度的基礎(chǔ)上還能大大地提高工效,迅速地制造出原來不易加工的零件。有人分析大型高速柴油機(jī)30種箱形與桿形零件的2000多個(gè)鉆孔操作中,有40%可以在自動(dòng)更換主軸箱機(jī)床中用二軸、三軸或四軸多軸頭加工,平均可減少20%的加工時(shí)間。1975年法國(guó)巴黎機(jī)床展覽會(huì)也反映了多軸加工的使用愈來愈多這一趨勢(shì)。
1.4 多軸加工的設(shè)備
多軸加工是在一次進(jìn)給中同時(shí)加工許多孔或同時(shí)在許多相同或不同工件上各加工一個(gè)孔。這不僅縮短切削時(shí)間,提高精度,減少裝夾或定位時(shí)間,并且在數(shù)控機(jī)床中不必計(jì)算坐標(biāo),減少字塊數(shù)而簡(jiǎn)化編程。它可以采用以下一些設(shè)備進(jìn)行加工:立鉆或搖臂鉆上裝多軸頭、多軸鉆床、多軸組合機(jī)床心及自動(dòng)更換主軸箱機(jī)床。甚至可以通過二個(gè)能自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)軸距的主軸或多軸箱,結(jié)合數(shù)控工作臺(tái)縱橫二個(gè)方向的運(yùn)動(dòng),加工各種圓形或橢圓形孔組的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)工序?,F(xiàn)在就這方面的現(xiàn)狀作一簡(jiǎn)介。
1.4.1 多軸頭
從傳動(dòng)方式來說主要有齒輪傳動(dòng)與萬向聯(lián)軸節(jié)傳動(dòng)二種。這是大家所熟悉的。前者效率較高,結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,后者易于調(diào)整軸距。從結(jié)構(gòu)來說有不可調(diào)式與可調(diào)式二種。前者軸距 不能改變,多采用齒輪傳動(dòng),僅適用于大批量生產(chǎn)。為了擴(kuò)大其贊許適應(yīng)性,發(fā)展了可調(diào)式多軸頭,在一定范圍內(nèi)可調(diào)整軸距。它主要裝在有萬向二種。(1)萬向軸式也有二種:具有對(duì)準(zhǔn)裝置的主軸。主軸裝在可調(diào)支架中,而可調(diào)支架能在殼體的T形槽中移動(dòng),并能在對(duì)準(zhǔn)的位置以螺栓固定。(2)具有公差的圓柱形主軸套。主軸套固定在與式件孔型相同的模板中。前一種適用于批量小且孔組是規(guī)則分布的工件(如孔組分布在不同直徑的圓周上)。后一種適用于批量較大式中小批量的輪番生產(chǎn)中,剛性較好,孔距精度亦高,但不同孔型需要不同的模板。多軸頭可以裝在立鉆式搖臂鉆床上,按鉆床本身所具有的各種功能進(jìn)行工作。這種多軸加工方法,由于鉆孔效率、加工范圍及精度的關(guān)系,使用范圍有限。
1.4.2 多軸箱
也像多軸頭那樣作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部件生產(chǎn)。美國(guó)Secto公司標(biāo)準(zhǔn)齒輪箱、多軸箱等設(shè)計(jì)的不可調(diào)式多軸箱。有32種規(guī)格,加工面積從300X300毫米到600X1050毫米,工作軸達(dá)60根,動(dòng)力達(dá)22.5千瓦。Romai工廠生產(chǎn)的可調(diào)多軸箱調(diào)整方便,只要先把齒輪調(diào)整到接近孔型的位置,然后把與它聯(lián)接的可調(diào)軸移動(dòng)到正確的位置。因此,這種結(jié)構(gòu)只要改變模板,就能在一定范圍內(nèi)容易地改變孔型,并且可以達(dá)到比普通多軸箱更小的孔距。
根據(jù)成組加工原理使用多軸箱或多軸頭的組合機(jī)床很適用于大中批量生產(chǎn)。為了在加工中獲得良好的效果,必需考慮以下數(shù)點(diǎn):(1)工件裝夾簡(jiǎn)單,有足夠的冷卻液沖走鐵屑。(2)夾具剛性好,加工時(shí)不形變,分度定位正確。(3)使用二組刀具的可能性,以便一組使用,另一組刃磨與調(diào)整,從而縮短換刀停機(jī)時(shí)間。(4)使用優(yōu)質(zhì)刀具,監(jiān)視刀具是否變鈍,鉆頭要機(jī)磨。(5)尺寸超差時(shí)能立即發(fā)現(xiàn)。
1.4.3 多軸鉆床
這是一種能滿足多軸加工要求的鉆床。諸如導(dǎo)向、功率、進(jìn)給、轉(zhuǎn)速與加工范圍等。巴黎展覽會(huì)中展出的多軸鉆床多具液壓進(jìn)給。其整個(gè)工作循壞如快進(jìn)、工進(jìn)與清除鐵屑等都是自動(dòng)進(jìn)行。值得注意的是,多數(shù)具有單獨(dú)的變速機(jī)構(gòu),這樣可以適應(yīng)某一組孔中不同孔徑的加工需要。
1.4.4 自動(dòng)更換主軸箱機(jī)床
為了中小批量生產(chǎn)合理化的需要,最近幾年發(fā)展了自動(dòng)更換主軸箱組合機(jī)床。
(1) 自動(dòng)更換主軸機(jī)床
自動(dòng)更換主軸機(jī)床頂部是回轉(zhuǎn)式主軸箱庫(kù),掛有多個(gè)不可調(diào)主軸箱。縱橫配線盤予先編好工作程序,使相應(yīng)的主軸箱進(jìn)入加工工位,定位緊并與動(dòng)力聯(lián)接,然后裝有工件的工作臺(tái)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)到主軸箱下面,向上移動(dòng)進(jìn)行加工。當(dāng)變更加工對(duì)象時(shí),只要調(diào)換懸掛的主軸箱,就能適應(yīng)不同孔型與不同工序的需要。
(2)?多軸轉(zhuǎn)塔機(jī)床
轉(zhuǎn)塔上裝置多個(gè)不可調(diào)或萬向聯(lián)軸節(jié)主軸箱,轉(zhuǎn)塔能自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)位,并對(duì)夾緊在回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)的工件作進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)。通過工作臺(tái)回轉(zhuǎn),可以加工工件的多個(gè)面。因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)塔不宜過大,故它的工位數(shù)一般不超過4—6個(gè)。且主軸箱也不宜過大。當(dāng)加工對(duì)象的工序較多、尺寸較大時(shí),就不如自動(dòng)更換主軸箱機(jī)床合適,但它的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單。
(3)?自動(dòng)更換主軸箱組合機(jī)床
它由自動(dòng)線或組合機(jī)床中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部件組成。不可調(diào)多軸箱與動(dòng)力箱按置在水平底座上,主軸箱庫(kù)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)整個(gè)裝置緊固在進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的溜板上。主軸箱庫(kù)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)與進(jìn)給動(dòng)作都按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)子程序工作。換主軸箱時(shí)間為幾秒鐘。工件夾緊于液壓分度回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái),以便加工工件的各個(gè)面。好果回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)配以卸料裝置,就能合流水生產(chǎn)自動(dòng)化。在可變生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中采用這種裝置,并配以相應(yīng)的控制器可以獲得完整的加工系統(tǒng)。文獻(xiàn)[2]
(4) 數(shù)控八軸落地鉆床
大型冷凝器的水冷壁管板的孔多達(dá)15000個(gè),它與支撐板聯(lián)接在一起加工??讖綖?0毫米,孔深180毫米。采用具有內(nèi)冷卻管道的麻花鉆,5-7巴壓力的冷卻液可直接進(jìn)入切削區(qū),有利于排屑。鉆尖磨成90°供自動(dòng)定心。它比普通麻花鉆耐用,且進(jìn)給量大。為了縮短加工時(shí)間,以8軸數(shù)控落地加工。
1.5 可變軸距多軸加工趨勢(shì)
多軸加工生產(chǎn)效率高,投資少,生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備周期短,產(chǎn)品改型時(shí)設(shè)備損失少。而且隨著我國(guó)數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展,多軸加工的范圍一定會(huì)愈來愈廣,加工效率也會(huì)不斷提高。目前社會(huì)上在大中型零件鉆孔時(shí),普遍使用的是單軸鉆床和固定式不可調(diào)的多軸鉆床,其缺點(diǎn)是單軸鉆床加工大批量的零件功效太低,固定式不可變軸距多軸鉆床屬于專用設(shè)備,只能加工一種零件,轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)或改型設(shè)備將無法使用
第2章 可變軸距多軸鉆床的概述
2.1 可變軸距多軸鉆床的定義
多軸鉆床大體分為兩種類型:可調(diào)式和固定式。
可調(diào)式:本體結(jié)構(gòu)得用齒輪箱配合萬向節(jié)頭所組成,由于萬向節(jié)是可活動(dòng)軸件,故在限定范圍內(nèi)可左右移動(dòng)。
2.2 可變軸距多軸加工的特點(diǎn)
優(yōu)點(diǎn):在調(diào)整加工孔距時(shí)不受齒輪所限制,適合加工多樣不定性孔件,適用范圍較廣可變式多軸鉆床在其加工范圍內(nèi),其主軸的數(shù)量、主軸間的距離,相對(duì)可以任意調(diào)整,一次進(jìn)給同時(shí)加工數(shù)孔。在其配合液壓機(jī)床工作時(shí),可自動(dòng)進(jìn)行快進(jìn)、工進(jìn)(工退)、快退、停止。同單軸鉆床比較,工件加工精度高、工效快,可有效節(jié)約投資方的人力、物力、財(cái)力。尤其機(jī)床的自動(dòng)化大大減輕操作者的疲勞強(qiáng)度。
缺點(diǎn):精度方面控制有所欠缺,長(zhǎng)期使用跑位率相比略高。適合單件加工量不大,常年更換加工件的企業(yè)。
2.3 可變軸距多軸鉆床的工作原理
多軸鉆床的實(shí)現(xiàn)主要是由于有多軸器的存在才得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。主軸旋轉(zhuǎn)帶動(dòng)多軸器中的其他軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。多軸器結(jié)構(gòu)有齒輪箱配合萬向節(jié)頭所組成,由于萬向節(jié)是可活動(dòng)軸件,故在限定范圍內(nèi)可左右移動(dòng)。在調(diào)整加多軸頭箱內(nèi)有一個(gè)主動(dòng)輪和多個(gè)從動(dòng)輪,主動(dòng)輪與電機(jī)聯(lián)結(jié),從動(dòng)輪再驅(qū)動(dòng)鉆頭對(duì)工件進(jìn)行加工。
圖2.1鉆床主軸剖面圖
此圖是本設(shè)計(jì)的核心部分,主軸用螺栓連接在圓盤上,可以根據(jù)加工孔的直徑來進(jìn)行調(diào)整,一次性最多能使用8個(gè)主軸,當(dāng)所加工孔的直徑較大時(shí),可以松開螺栓,手動(dòng)調(diào)整主軸位置使加工孔直徑滿足要求,再用螺栓擰緊固定,此為最簡(jiǎn)單的一種拔插式手動(dòng)調(diào)整主軸孔距的方法
2.4 可調(diào)軸間距多軸頭的結(jié)構(gòu)
主要有連接部分、傳動(dòng)部分、軸間距調(diào)整部分、鉆頭裝夾部分組成。
2.4.1 連接部分
是使可調(diào)多軸頭與機(jī)床主軸連成一體,主軸套帶動(dòng)可調(diào)多軸頭做上下運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)裝配圖所示,底座與油缸通過內(nèi)六角螺釘連接,鉆軸體通過內(nèi)六角螺釘固定在T形槽圓盤上,最多可固定8個(gè)。主軸箱安裝在鉆床的最上端用內(nèi)螺紋圓柱銷固定。圓盤工作臺(tái)臺(tái)面上有多個(gè)工位,圓盤工作臺(tái)下面裝有回轉(zhuǎn)定位工作臺(tái),圓盤工作臺(tái)的上方裝有主軸箱,主軸箱固定在機(jī)身的上部,機(jī)身的下端固定在底座上,機(jī)身的上部,主軸箱后部裝有主電機(jī),主電機(jī)與主軸箱間有傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu),主軸箱內(nèi)裝有萬向節(jié),下端裝有多支主軸,主軸上裝有鉆頭。
2.4.2 傳動(dòng)部分
是保證可調(diào)多軸頭的主動(dòng)軸,隨著機(jī)床主動(dòng)軸作旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)并傳遞扭矩。傳動(dòng)桿為莫氏錐度與鉆床主軸錐度一致,插入后將主軸動(dòng)力傳給主動(dòng)軸,在經(jīng)過主動(dòng)軸上齒輪帶動(dòng)傳動(dòng)齒輪,最后傳給可調(diào)軸間距工作軸上齒輪,是兩邊可調(diào)軸間距工作軸同時(shí)旋轉(zhuǎn),中間件固定工作軸直接由主動(dòng)軸傳遞動(dòng)力,電動(dòng)機(jī)通過皮帶輪帶動(dòng)萬向節(jié)連接進(jìn)行移動(dòng),帶動(dòng)每個(gè)鉆軸體進(jìn)行不同位置的調(diào)整,致使加工孔距在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行增大或減小的位置變化,從而可以加工不同直徑大小的孔。
2.4.3 軸間距的調(diào)整部分
是保證可調(diào)多軸頭根據(jù)加工件不同的孔距要求,在設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)定的可調(diào)整范圍內(nèi)任意等距地調(diào)整軸間距。
2.4.4 鉆頭的裝夾部分
是保證鉆頭可靠地固定,安全地鉆削工件。鉆頭的裝夾可根據(jù)可調(diào)多軸頭最小軸間距的要求,選擇不同的裝夾形式。若最小軸間距尺寸較大,最好選用通用性較強(qiáng)的鉆夾頭。該可調(diào)多軸頭因最小軸間距尺寸要求較小,故選用了一般多軸箱上常見的可調(diào)接桿,結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是外徑較小,通用性較強(qiáng),使用的鉆頭是錐柄的。
第3章 可調(diào)軸距多軸鉆床總體設(shè)計(jì)
3.1 生產(chǎn)任務(wù)
在一批鑄鐵連接件上有同一個(gè)面上有多個(gè)孔加工。在普通立式鉆床上進(jìn)行孔加工,通常是一個(gè)孔一個(gè)孔的鉆削,生產(chǎn)效率低,用非標(biāo)設(shè)備,即組合機(jī)床加工,生產(chǎn)效率高,但設(shè)備投資大。但把一批普通立式普通單軸鉆床改造為立式多軸鉆床,改造后的多軸鉆床,可以同時(shí)完成多個(gè)孔的鉆、擴(kuò)、鉸、等工序。
3.2 可調(diào)多軸立式鉆床的選型
立式鉆床是多軸鉆床的工作主機(jī) ,應(yīng)根據(jù)工件的幾何形狀、結(jié)構(gòu)大小、孔徑、孔數(shù)和孔的分布情況以及加工時(shí)所需的切削軸向力和切削功率等要素來確定其型號(hào)。需要確定主機(jī)的主要參數(shù)是:機(jī)床主軸的各級(jí)進(jìn)給量;機(jī)床的額定功率和主軸允許的最大進(jìn)給力及主軸端面至工作臺(tái)面的最大和最小距離等參數(shù)。一種可調(diào)間距的多軸鉆床,包括機(jī)身、底座、油缸、工作臺(tái)、主電機(jī)和主軸箱,主軸箱設(shè)置在機(jī)身上并位于工作臺(tái)的上方,所述的主軸箱內(nèi)設(shè)有萬向節(jié),萬向節(jié)的上端通過齒輪或帶輪與主電機(jī)相連接,萬向節(jié)的下端與鉆頭主軸相連接,所述電機(jī)的動(dòng)力輸出輪通過傳動(dòng)帶與齒輪箱總成的動(dòng)力輸入輪傳動(dòng)鏈接,傳動(dòng)桿總成與齒輪箱總成的動(dòng)力輸出裝置傳動(dòng)連接,所述鉆桿與傳動(dòng)桿總成一一對(duì)應(yīng),且鉆桿的上端安裝在傳動(dòng)桿總成上。
3.2.1 計(jì)算所需電機(jī)功率
表3.1 電機(jī)功率的選擇
孔徑
軸向力F
(N)
功率P
kW
f5
378
0.14
f6.7
449
0.15
f8.5
724
0.23
f12
1245
0.41
f20
2147.8
0.54
此表為各個(gè)不同孔距所對(duì)應(yīng)的軸向力和功率,選擇孔徑所對(duì)應(yīng)的適合的數(shù)據(jù),此設(shè)計(jì)為8個(gè)f20的孔。
表3.2 鉆頭切削的主要計(jì)算公式
高速鋼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鉆頭切削力的計(jì)算公式
計(jì)算公式
切削扭距
M=Cm*D^xm*S^ym*Km(Kg-mm)
軸向力
P0=Cp*D^xp*S^yd*Kp(Kg)
切削功率
N=M*n/975000(KW)
確定八個(gè)孔同時(shí)加工的軸向力,
公式: 式(3-1)
式中:=365.9,=,=0.661,=1.217,=0.361,=1.1,
=0.35m/s文獻(xiàn)[5]
從表1和表2中得總切削軸向力=2147.85(N);
電機(jī)總功率=4.31 (kW) 文獻(xiàn)[6]
3.2.2 立式鉆床的確定
表3.3 其主要技術(shù)參數(shù)
公式中的系數(shù)與指數(shù)值
工件材料
扭距M
軸向力P0
Cm
Xm
Ym
Cp
Xp
Yp
鋼δb=75Kg /mm^2
34.5
2
0.8
84.7
1
0.7
2Cr13合金鋼
37
2
0.7
160
1
0.7
1Cr18Ni9Ti不銹鋼
41
2
0.7
180
1
0.7
灰鑄鐵HB=190
21
2
0.8
60.5
1
0.8
1331.31
可鍛鑄鐵HB=150
21
2
0.8
52.5
1
0.8
青銅HB=100~140
12
2
0.8
31.5
1
0.8
3.切削條件變化后,切削力的修正系數(shù)
工件材料
鋼(Km=Kp)
灰鑄鐵(Km=Kp)
可鍛鑄鐵(Km=Kp)
(δb/75)^0.75
(HB/190)^0.6
(HB/150)^0.6
3.2.3 立鉆型專機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算書
表3.4 鉆床設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算書
鉆孔直徑:mm
20
鉆孔數(shù)量
8
主軸轉(zhuǎn)速
r/min
240
每轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)給量
mm/r
0.1
材料
45
單軸軸向力Kg
268.48
總軸向力:Kg
2147.85
單軸扭距 N·m
2187.15
總扭距:N·m
17497.22
單軸功率:kw
0.54
總功率:kw
4.31
實(shí)用功率:kw
5.39
主軸軸徑:mm
24.23
第4章??多軸齒輪傳動(dòng)箱的設(shè)計(jì)
4.1 設(shè)計(jì)前的準(zhǔn)備工作
明確工件上的被加工孔的數(shù)目、直徑和分布情況及其位置精度t并分析工件材料的工藝性能,以便選擇合理的切削用量和適當(dāng)?shù)毒呔呓Y(jié)構(gòu)及材料。明確生產(chǎn)綱線和生產(chǎn)班次,計(jì)算特定加工時(shí)的單件工時(shí)選定齒輪的傳動(dòng)方式(內(nèi)嚙合或外嚙合)。明確主動(dòng)軸、工作軸和惰輪軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向,并計(jì)算或選定其軸徑太小。排出齒輪傳動(dòng)的層次t計(jì)算各個(gè)齒輪的齒數(shù)和模數(shù)。
(1)大致了解工件上被加工孔為8個(gè)Ф20的孔。毛坯種類為灰鑄鐵的鑄件,由于石墨的潤(rùn)滑及割裂作用,使灰鑄鐵很易切削加工,屑片易斷,刀具磨損少,故可選用硬質(zhì)合金錐柄麻花鉆(GB10946-89)
(2)切削用量的確定文獻(xiàn)[12]
切削速度,進(jìn)給量.
則切削轉(zhuǎn)速 式(4-1)
根據(jù)Z525機(jī)床說明書,取文獻(xiàn)[14]
故實(shí)際切削速度為: 式(4-2)
(3)確定加工時(shí)的單件工時(shí)文獻(xiàn)[11]
一般為5-10mm,取10mm
式(4-3)
加工一個(gè)孔所需時(shí)間: 式(4-4)
單件時(shí)工時(shí): 式(4-5)
4.2 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算
圖4.1 齒輪傳動(dòng)分布圖
(1)選定齒輪的傳動(dòng)方式:初定為外嚙合。
(2)齒輪分布方案確定:
根據(jù)通常采用的經(jīng)濟(jì)而又有效的傳動(dòng)是:用一根傳動(dòng)軸帶支多根主軸。
(3)明確主動(dòng)軸、工作軸和惰輪軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向,并計(jì)算或選定其軸徑大小。
因?yàn)樗x定的Z535立式鉆床主軸是左旋,所以工作軸也為左旋,而惰輪軸則為右旋。
表4.1 加工孔徑與工作軸直徑對(duì)應(yīng)表(mm)
加工孔徑
<12
12-16
16-20
工作軸直徑
15
20
25
因?yàn)榧庸た讖綖椐?0mm,所以工作軸直徑選25mm.文獻(xiàn)[7]
主動(dòng)軸和惰輪軸的直徑在以后的軸設(shè)計(jì)中確定。
(4)排出齒輪傳動(dòng)的層次,設(shè)計(jì)各個(gè)齒輪。
① 本設(shè)計(jì)的齒輪傳動(dòng)為雙層次的齒輪外嚙合傳動(dòng),傳動(dòng)分布圖如圖4.1所示。
② 在設(shè)計(jì)各個(gè)齒輪前首先明確已知條件:電機(jī)輸入功率,齒輪Ⅰ轉(zhuǎn)速, 齒輪Ⅲ轉(zhuǎn)速,齒輪Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的傳動(dòng)比均i=0.84,即齒輪比u=1.2,工作壽命15年(每年工作300天),兩班制。
③ 選定齒輪類型,精度等級(jí),材料及齒數(shù)
?選用直齒輪圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng);
?多軸箱為一般工作機(jī)器,速度不高,故選用7級(jí)精度(GB10095-88)文獻(xiàn)[13]
?材料選擇
選擇齒輪Ⅰ材料為40Cr(調(diào)質(zhì)),硬度為280HBS,齒輪Ⅱ材料為45(調(diào)質(zhì)),硬度為240HBS,齒輪Ⅲ材料為45(?;?,硬度210HBS;
?選齒輪Ⅰ齒數(shù),齒輪Ⅱ齒數(shù),取.
④ 按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)
由設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行試算, 式(4-6)
? 確定公式內(nèi)的各計(jì)算數(shù)值
1)試選載荷系數(shù);
2)計(jì)算齒輪Ⅰ傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩
式(4-7)
3)選取齒寬系數(shù)=0.5文獻(xiàn)[8]
4)查得材料的彈性影響系數(shù)文獻(xiàn)[9]
5)按齒面硬度查得齒輪Ⅰ的接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度極限;齒輪Ⅱ的接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度極限;
6)計(jì)算應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù):
式(4-8)
式(4-9)
7)查得接觸疲勞壽命系數(shù),;
8)計(jì)算接觸疲勞許用應(yīng)力:
取失效概率為1%,安全系數(shù),得:
式(4-10)
; 式(4-11)
?計(jì)算
1)試算小齒輪分度圓直徑,代入中較小的值:
式(4-12)
2)計(jì)算圓周速度V:
式(4-13)
3)計(jì)算齒
式(4-14)
4)計(jì)算齒寬與齒高之比
模數(shù): 式(4-15)
齒高: 式(4-16)
5)計(jì)算載荷系數(shù)
根據(jù)v=3.81m/s,7級(jí)精度,查得動(dòng)載系數(shù)Kv=1.14,假設(shè),
查得;文獻(xiàn)[3]
查得使用系數(shù);
查得7級(jí)精度齒輪Ⅰ相對(duì)支承非對(duì)稱布置時(shí),文獻(xiàn)[4]
式(4-17)
將數(shù)據(jù)代入后得:
; 式(4-18)
由,得,;
故載荷系數(shù) 式(4-19)
6)按實(shí)際的載荷系數(shù)校正所算得的分度圓直徑,得,
=53.649x=57.18mm 式(4-20)
7)計(jì)算模數(shù)m
m=d1/Z1=57.18/24=2.4mm,圓整為m=25mm. 式(4-21)
⑤ 齒根彎曲強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)
彎曲強(qiáng)度的設(shè)計(jì)公式為m≥ 式(4-22)
?確定公式內(nèi)的各計(jì)算數(shù)值
1) 查得齒輪Ⅰ的彎曲疲勞極限=500Mpa;
齒輪Ⅱ的彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度極限=380Mpa;
2)查得彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù);
3)計(jì)算彎曲疲勞許用應(yīng)力
取彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù)S=1.4,由式(10-12)得:
[]1===303.57Mpa 式(4-23)
==238.86MPa 式(4-24)
4)計(jì)算載荷系數(shù)
式(4-25)
5) 查取齒形系數(shù)
查得
6)查取應(yīng)力校正系數(shù)
查得文獻(xiàn)[10]
7)計(jì)算齒輪Ⅰ、Ⅱ的并加以比較
==0.01379 式(4-26)
==0.01716 式(4-27)
齒輪Ⅱ的數(shù)值大。
?設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
m≥ 式(4-28)
對(duì)比計(jì)算結(jié)果,由齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度計(jì)算的模數(shù)m大于由齒根彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度計(jì)算的模數(shù),由于齒輪模數(shù)m的大小主要取決于彎曲強(qiáng)度所決定的承載能力,而齒面接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度所決定的承載能力,僅與齒輪直徑(即模數(shù)與齒數(shù)的乘積)有關(guān),可取由彎曲強(qiáng)度算得的模數(shù)1.5。在零件圖中可知,主動(dòng)軸與惰輪軸的中心距為51mm,即齒輪Ⅰ、Ⅱ完全嚙合的中心距,得:m()=51 式(4-29)
1.5x()=51 式(4-30)
Z1=31, Z2=37
惰輪軸與工作軸的中心距為61.5mm,即齒輪Ⅱ與齒輪Ⅲ完全嚙合時(shí)中心距,即
m()=61.5 式(4-31)
5()=61.5 式(4-32)
Z3=45
⑥幾何尺寸計(jì)算
?計(jì)算分度圓直徑:
d1=Z1?m=31x1.5=46.5mm 式(4-33)
d2=Z2?m=37x1.5=55.5mm 式(4-34)
d3=Z3?m=45x1.5=67.5mm 式(4-35)
?計(jì)算中心中距
aⅠⅡ=51mm,aⅡⅢ=61.5mm
?計(jì)算齒輪齒寬
式(4-36)
取
⑦驗(yàn)算
Ft===819.2N 式(4-37)
==35.66N/mm<100N/mm 合格 式(4-38)
第5章 導(dǎo)向裝置及接桿刀具的設(shè)計(jì)
5.1 導(dǎo)向裝置組成
導(dǎo)向裝置主要由導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套、彈簧組成。導(dǎo)柱的上端與多軸箱中間板上的導(dǎo)套滑動(dòng)配合,下端安裝在夾具的鉆模板上。
(1)選擇彈簧
用四根彈簧支撐整個(gè)多軸箱,粗略估算多軸箱重量: 式(5-1)
每根彈簧負(fù)荷:F=124.5N
選圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧,彈簧中徑,節(jié)距,彈簧絲直徑,工作圈數(shù),自由高度.
(2)導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套的選擇
導(dǎo)柱材料為直徑16mm,長(zhǎng)303mm
導(dǎo)套材料為20號(hào)鋼。
5.2 接桿刀具
接桿一端為梯形螺紋,與主動(dòng)軸的內(nèi)孔滑動(dòng)配合,通過鍵傳遞扭矩。在梯形螺紋段并設(shè)計(jì)有斜面,以便調(diào)整接桿的延伸量來補(bǔ)償?shù)毒叩哪p量。接桿另一端的莫氏錐孔與刀具的莫氏錐柄相配合。
總結(jié)
兩個(gè)多月的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)在忙碌中就快要結(jié)束了,在這兩個(gè)多月的時(shí)間里,在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)之余還要兼顧找工作,因此,在這段時(shí)間里我覺得生活非常的充實(shí).不但在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中鞏固了以前的知識(shí),而且在人生道路上學(xué)到在校園學(xué)不到的社會(huì)交際.
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是大學(xué)四年所學(xué)知識(shí)的一個(gè)考察,它兼顧了四年中所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)和專業(yè)知識(shí),因此不同于以前的課程設(shè)計(jì),畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是課程設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)質(zhì)的飛越.認(rèn)識(shí)到這點(diǎn),我對(duì)待畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的態(tài)度也不敢懶散,一直抱以認(rèn)真謹(jǐn)慎的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度.
在接到畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)課題后首先要做的就是搜集各方面的資料,以前的課程設(shè)計(jì)都是老師給出的,不用自己去煩惱。但是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)就不同了,它是一個(gè)綜合設(shè)計(jì),很多資料,數(shù)據(jù)都需要自己通過各種途徑搜集得到。因此經(jīng)常跑圖書館。但是《組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)》找遍整個(gè)圖書館都找不到。然而我的設(shè)計(jì)是根據(jù)這本書上所講的設(shè)計(jì)方法來做的,找不到絕對(duì)是一個(gè)沉重的打擊。幸好,在指導(dǎo)老師的指引和幫助下在機(jī)械系資料室找到了。在以后的設(shè)計(jì)中,《組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)》起到了很大的作用,是我畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)能順利按時(shí)完成的法寶。
我學(xué)會(huì)了許多以前在學(xué)習(xí)中學(xué)不到的東西,那只有通過自學(xué)才會(huì)領(lǐng)悟得到的。畢竟就快離開校園,走向社會(huì)了,在將來的人生道路上,學(xué)習(xí)是陪伴我們終生的,正所謂“活到老,學(xué)到老”,在人生道路上很多知識(shí)都是自學(xué)而獲得的。
在這里我要向在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中幫助過我的老師、同學(xué)、家人致謝,因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谡麄€(gè)設(shè)計(jì)中給予了我很多幫助和動(dòng)力。特別是我的指導(dǎo)老師,他不惜勞苦,因此設(shè)計(jì)過程中很多問題都能及時(shí)得到解決。
總的來講,整個(gè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)給我留下深刻的印象,不僅僅是由于設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間長(zhǎng),更多的是在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中我嘗到了辛、酸、苦、甜,它會(huì)是人生道路上留下不可抹殺的一頁(yè)。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]謝家瀛.組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)明手冊(cè).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2002
[2]薛源順.機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2004
[3]機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)編委會(huì)編.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) 第3卷.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2004
[4]機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)編委會(huì)編. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) 第4卷.北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2002
[5]吳宗澤主編. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用手冊(cè) .北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2003
[6]中國(guó)機(jī)械工程學(xué)會(huì)主編 中國(guó)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)大典 第4卷.南昌:江西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2002
[7]齒輪手冊(cè)編委會(huì)編.齒輪手冊(cè) 上冊(cè).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2005
[8]徐灝.新編機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1995
[9]蔡春源.新編機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè).沈陽:遼寧科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1993
[10]沈繼飛.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).上海:上海交大出版社,1998
[11]王先逵.機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1995
[12]李凱嶺.機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ). 濟(jì)南:山東科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2005
[13]機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)編委會(huì).機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2005
[14]李洪主編.實(shí)用機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè).北京:遼寧科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1999
[15]濮良貴,紀(jì)名剛編.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第七版).北京:高等教育出版社,2002
致謝
歷時(shí)將近兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間終于將這篇論文寫完,在論文的寫作過程中遇到了無數(shù)的困難和障礙,都在同學(xué)和老師的幫助下度過了。尤其要強(qiáng)烈感謝我的論文指導(dǎo)老師馬成習(xí)老師,他對(duì)我進(jìn)行了無私的指導(dǎo)和幫助,不厭其煩的幫助進(jìn)行論文的修改和改進(jìn)。另外,在校圖書館查找資料的時(shí)候,圖書館也給我提供了很多方面的支持與幫助。在此向幫助和指導(dǎo)過我的各位老師表示最衷心的感謝!感謝這篇論文所涉及到的各位學(xué)者。本文引用了數(shù)位學(xué)者的研究文獻(xiàn),如果沒有各位學(xué)者的研究成果的幫助和啟發(fā),我將很難完成本篇論文的寫作。
感謝我的同學(xué)和朋友,在我寫論文的過程中給予我了很多你問素材,還在論文的撰寫和排版等過程中提供熱情的幫助。由于我的學(xué)術(shù)水平有限,所寫論文難免有不足之處,懇請(qǐng)各位老師和學(xué)友批評(píng)和指正
General transformation of multi-axis drilling
machine drilling machine
Summary: The aggregate machine-tool is take the general part as a foundation, matches by presses the work piece specific shape and the processing technological design special-purpose part and the jig, the composition semiautomatic or the automatic special purpose machine. The aggregate machine-tool selects the method which generally multiple spindle, the multi-knives, the multi-working procedures, many or the multi-locations simultaneously process, production efficiency ratio general engine bed high several times to several dozens times. Because the general part already the standardization and the seriation, might according to need to dispose nimbly, could reduce the design and the manufacturing cycle. The multi-axle-boxes are aggregate machine-tool's core parts. It selects the common parts, carries on the design according to the special-purpose request, in the aggregate machine-tool design's process, is one of work load big parts.Multi-axis processing is more and more widely used in industrial production. It not only increase the processing accuracy, but also greatly improve working efficiency, adapt to the market to seek and increase the competitive power.
Key word: Multi-axis drilling machine Spindle box Multi-axis head Machine Tool
At present, China's small and medium enterprises in product quality and production efficiency are the need for a new increase. But the processing means is far from sufficient .Many small and medium enterprises with their actual technical state of equipment improvements, through strengthening its own. In order to self-development. Common drilling for single-axis machine tools, but the installation will become a multi-axis multi-axle box of the drill, transformation into a multi-axis drilling, we could greatly shorten the processing time, improve production efficiency. ?????????????
Application of multi-axis machining :According to statistics, in general machine tools in the workshop in general, the average cutting time rarely exceeds 15% of total working hours. The remaining time is plug-in, loading and unloading the workpiece, exchange tools, operation tools, measurements, and clear the iron filings and so forth. Although the use of CNC machine tools can improve 85%, but the purchase of costly. In some cases, even if the high productivity, but the processing of the same components, the cost is not necessarily lower than the average machine. Therefore must be more to shorten the processing time. Different processing methods have different characteristics, the drilling process, the multi-axis machining is a small investment to increase productivity through effective measures.
The advantages of multi-axis machining :Although it is not the first in automatic multi-axis adjustable long line applications, but only limited to high-volume production. Even with the adjustable multi-axis head expanded the scope of use is still far from being able to meet the volume is small, hole complex requirements. In particular, as industrial development, large and complex multi-axis machining is even more compelling. For example, large-scale nuclear power plants in the water-wall tube plate condenser has 15000 ψ20 holes, if radial drilling machine processing, and simply drilling holes and countersink countersunk head is necessary to 842.5 hours, while also crossed hours 151.1 hours. However, if the 8-axis CNC machining floor drilling, drilling countersink holes as long as 171.6 hours, crossed is also simple, as long as 1.9 hours. Therefore, the use of numerical control of two axis, so that proper alignment tool processing location, combined with multi-axis machining can not only expand the range of processing, but also on the basis of improving the accuracy can greatly enhance the work efficiency, easy to quickly create original processing parts. Some analysis of large high-speed diesel engine with 30 kinds of box-shaped rod-shaped parts of the more than 2,000 drilling operations, 40% could be the automatic replacement of machines using two-axis spindle box, three-axis or four-axis multi-axis machining head, the average can be reduced 20% of the processing time. Machine Tool Exhibition in Paris in 1975 also reflected the multi-axis machining using more and more the trend.
Multi-axis machining equipment :Multi-axis machining is the same time in a feed processing a number of holes or simultaneously in many of the same or different processing of a workpiece on each hole. This will not only shorten the cutting time and improve accuracy, reduce fixturing or positioning time, and in the CNC machine tool is not necessary to calculate the coordinates, reducing the number of character blocks and simplified programming. It can be processed using the following equipment: radial drilling vertical drilling, or upload multi-axis head, multi-axis drilling machine, multi-axis modular machine tool spindle box heart and automatic replacement of machines. May even be able to automatically adjust wheelbase by two or more of the spindle axle box, junction
All CNC vertical and horizontal table two directions of movement, processing a variety of round or oval-shaped hole group of one or several steps. Now the status quo in this regard to make a profile.
Multi-Axis Head :Transmission is from the main drive gear drive with two kinds of universal joint couplings. This is our familiar. Former is more efficient, simple structure, which is easy to adjust wheelbase. From the structure is concerned there is not adjustable and the adjustable two kinds. The former can not change the wheelbase, multi-use gear drive, only applies to high-volume production. Adaptability in order to expand its approval to develop a multi-axis adjustable head, in a certain range adjustable wheelbase. It is mainly mounted in a universal. Two. (1) there are two kinds of universal axis: alignment device with a spindle. Spindle mounted on adjustable bracket in an adjustable bracket can be T-shaped slot in the shell move, and the position in alignment with bolted. (2) with a tolerance of cylindrical spindle units. Set of fixed spindle hole with pieces of the same type template. The former applies to small batch and the rules of distribution of pore groups are artifacts (such as the hole groups in different diameter circle). The latter applies to a larger batch-type production of small quantities of turns, rigid better pitch accuracy is also high, but a different hole requires a different template.
Multi-axis head can be mounted on vertical drilling-type radial drilling machine, press the drill itself with the various functions work. This multi-axis processing methods, due to drilling efficiency, range and accuracy of processing of the relationship between the use of limited scope.
Multi-axle box :As also the first multi-axis as the production as a standard component. U.S. Secto's standard gear boxes, multi-axle box, etc. are not designed adjustable multi-axle box. 32 kinds of specifications, process size from 300X300 mm to 600X1050 mm, the working-axis up to 60, and power up to 22.5 kilowatts. Romai factory adjustable multi-axle box easy to adjust, as long as the gear should first be adjusted to the location near the pass and then connected with its adjustable-axis move to the correct location. Therefore, this structure changes as long as the template, will be able to pass a certain extent change the content of shoes, and can reach more than ordinary axle box smaller pitch.
According to principles of the use of group processing the first multi-axle, or a combination of multi-axis machine tool is applicable to large and medium volume production. In order to process to get good results, need to consider the following points: (1) workpiece clamping simple, there is enough coolant away iron filings. (2) The fixture rigidity, processing, without deformation, dividing the right position. (3) the possibility of using the two group knives for a group to use, another set of grinding and adjustment, thereby reducing tool change downtime. (4) The use of quality tools to monitor whether the blunt tool, drill grinding to machine. (5) Dimensions can be detected immediately when the ultra-poor.
Multi-axis drilling machine :This is a multi-axis machining to meet the requirements of the drill. Such as orientation, power, feed, speed and processing range. Displayed at the Paris Exhibition of multi-axis drilling machine with hydraulic multi-feed. Throughout its work, such as fast-forward through the bad, workers enter and clear the iron filings are all automatically. It is noteworthy that the majority of agencies with separate variable speed, so that one group can adapt to the different pore size hole processing needs. 1.2.4 automatic replacement machine tool spindle box
In order to rationalize the needs of small and medium volume production in recent years the development of the automatic replacement of modular machine tool spindle box.
(1) The automatic replacement spindle machine
Automatic replacement of rotary spindle machine tool spindle box at the top is a library, there are several non-adjustable hanging spindle box. Vertical and horizontal patch panel to the first series of good working procedures, so that the corresponding spindle box into the processing station, location and with the power connection tight, and then turn to the table with the workpiece spindle box below, upward mobility for processing. When the change processing object, as long as the exchange suspension spindle box, you can pass with different processes for different needs.
(2) The multi-axis machine tool turret
Turret to install more non-adjustable or universal coupling spindle box, turret can automatically switch to digital, and clamp the workpiece in the rotary table to feed motion. Through the rotary table can be a number of workpiece surface. Because the turret not be too big, so it is generally not exceed the median of workers 4-6. And the spindle box is also not too large. When the machining process more objects, size larger, it should automatically replace the machine tool spindle box fit, but its simple structure.
(3) Automatic replacement of modular machine tool spindle box
It consists of automatic line or a combination of standard machine parts. Non-adjustable multi-axle box and power box by home base in the horizontal, the spindle rotates, the entire case library fastening device to the system in the slip into the board. Library Headstock rotation and feed movement is based on standard routines of work. Headstock time for a few seconds. Clamping the hydraulic sub-degree rotary table so that each workpiece surface. Good fruit rotary table accompanied by discharging device, we can co-flow production automation. In the variable production system using this device, accompanied by the corresponding controller can obtain a complete processing system.
(4) 8-axis CNC drill floor
Large condenser water wall tube plate holes as many as 15,000, which linked together with the support plate processing. Diameter of 20 mm, hole depth 180 mm. Used inside the cooling pipe has a twist drill ,5-7 bar pressure, coolant directly into the cutting area is conducive to chip removal. And ground into a 90 ° drill point for the self-centering. Durable than regular twist drill, and a large quantity of feed. To shorten the processing time to 8-axis CNC machining floor.
trends in multi-axis machining :Multi-axis machining high production efficiency, low investment and production preparation cycle is short, product modification, when a small loss of equipment. And as China's CNC technology, the scope of multi-axis machining will become the broad, processing efficiency will be improved.
production tasks :A group of cast-iron joints have the same surface processing with multiple holes. In the general processing of vertical holes on the drill, usually a hole a hole drilling, production efficiency is low, use non-standard equipment, that is, combination of machining, production efficiency is high, but the large investment in equipment.
However, the number of common vertical drilling machine to transform ordinary single-axis vertical multi-axis drilling machine after transformation, multi-axis drilling machine can simultaneously perform multiple hole drilling, expansion, hinges, and other processes.
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