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鹽城工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 2006
低速載貨汽車(chē)變速器的設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要：課題來(lái)源于生產(chǎn)實(shí)際，依據(jù)《機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)安全技術(shù)條件》和《汽車(chē)機(jī)械變速器總成技術(shù)條件》，針對(duì)低速載貨汽車(chē)的運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)而設(shè)計(jì)。參與了汽車(chē)的總體設(shè)計(jì)，確定了汽車(chē)的質(zhì)量參數(shù)，選擇了合適的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，并且計(jì)算出汽車(chē)的最高速度。
關(guān)于變速器的設(shè)計(jì)，首先選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的齒輪模數(shù)，在總檔位和一檔速比確定后，合理分配變速器各檔位的速比，接著計(jì)算出齒輪參數(shù)和中心距，并對(duì)齒輪進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算，確定了齒輪的結(jié)構(gòu)與尺寸，繪制出所有齒輪的零件圖。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式初步計(jì)算出軸的尺寸，然后對(duì)每個(gè)檔位下軸的剛度和強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行驗(yàn)算，確定出軸的結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸，繪制出各根軸的零件圖。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)布置和參考同類(lèi)車(chē)型的相應(yīng)軸承后，按國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選擇合適的軸承，然后對(duì)軸承進(jìn)行使用壽命的驗(yàn)算，最終完成了變速器的零件圖和裝配圖的繪制。
此變速器的齒輪都為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)齒輪，檔位數(shù)和傳動(dòng)比與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)參數(shù)匹配，保證了汽車(chē)具有良好的動(dòng)力性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。該變速器具有操縱簡(jiǎn)單、方便、傳動(dòng)效率高、制造容易、成本低廉、維修方便的特點(diǎn)，適合低速載貨汽車(chē)的使用。
關(guān)鍵詞：低速載貨汽車(chē)；變速器；設(shè)計(jì)
Design The Transmission of Low-speed Truck
Abstract: The topic comes from the production reality, which is based on the safety specifications for power driven vehicles operating on roads and the specifications for the automobile mechanical transmission. It designs the low-speed truck’s movement characteristic. The automobile quality parameters are determined, according to the automobile system design, choosing the appropriate engine, and calculating the maximum speed.
When design the transmission, first, we choose the standard gear modulus and determine all speed’s proportions after we choose the number of the transmission’s gears and the first gear, then calculate the gear’s parameter and the center distance, and the gear needs the intensity checking calculation. We determine gear’s structure, then complete drawing of the gears’ component. According to the empirical formula, we preliminary carry on the checking calculation to each gear’s rigidity and the intensity to determine the axis’ structure and size, and thus draw up various axis’ component drawing. After arranged structure and compared with the similar type of vehicle’s bearing, according to the national standard, we select the appropriate bearings, and then calculate the service life of the bearings. Finally drawing of the component and the assembly of the transmission are completed.
Because the transmission gear is the standard gear and the number of gears and speed’s proportions match to the engine conditions, which ensure the necessary power and economy. This transmission has many merits of simple operation, efficient, easy manufacturing, low cost, and convenient.
Key words: Low-speed Truck；Transmission；Design