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1、閱讀理解組合練(四)(限時(shí)30分鐘)A(2019南京三模)Welcome to Fraser IslandYour adventure unfolds . Once departing Rainbow Beach we start from Inskip Point by vehicle ferry.Watch out for dolphins. Northward bound travel by 4WD (4 wheel drive) along the endless golden highway of 75 Mile Beach. Swim at crystal clear freshw
2、ater LAKE MCKENZIE famous for its turquoise colors and white sands.Delicious “Aussiestyle” sizzling bush BBQ with icy cold drinks. Primitive rainforest luxuriant canopy of palms and vines. Eli Creek time for a lazy dip. Shipwreck of the SS Maheno built in Scotland 1904 a permanent fixture to the Nor
3、thern Beach since1935. Intriguing Colored Sands formations part of this Worlds largest sand island. Remember this is a 4WD safari and may not be suitable if pregnant or if you have a bad back. Dress comfortably its not a fashion parade! Bring your swimmers and camera.Lunch MenuComplimentary cold dri
4、nks Prime 250g Rib Fillet SteakOR local award winning 100% beef sausages and onions OR Fish delicate white fillets withlemon, OR Vegetarian Burger special blend seasonalvegetablesGENERAL CONDITIONS：Tours may vary due to tidal or weather conditions.As we are a small company and prepare our own food,
5、cancellation fees have to apply.NOT RECOMMENDED FOR YOUNG CHILDREN.Codford Pty.Ltd.Trading as Fraser Island NatureToursABN 80 010 870 729語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇廣告，重點(diǎn)介紹了Fraser Island的一些特點(diǎn)和游客要享受的東西以及有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。1Which of the following is mentioned about Fraser Island? AConsiderable size and cheap souvenirs.BAuthentic f
6、ood and impressive scenery.CTarget visitors and modern architecture.DConvenient transportation and long history.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)中間這一欄中的第三段到第五段提到了“LAKE MCKENZIE”“Delicious Aussie style”“Primitive rainforest”等，由此可見(jiàn)關(guān)于Fraser Island，提到了正宗的食物和令人印象深刻的風(fēng)景。2According to the leaflet, visitors should _.Adress thei
7、r fashionable clothesBprovide a health certificateCpay extra money for cancellationDfollow the fixed trip plans解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)右欄偏下面的位置上的“As we are a small company and prepare our own food, cancellation fees have to apply.”可知取消是要付費(fèi)的。B(2019揚(yáng)、泰、南、淮、徐、宿、連三模)We are obsessed(迷戀) with ourselves.We study our
8、history, our psychology, our philosophy.Much of our knowledge revolves (使旋轉(zhuǎn)) around humankind itself, as if we were the most important thing in the universe.But in the course of the centuries we have come to realize just how many wrong ideas weve had.We have learned of the existence of black holes,
9、waves of space, and of the extraordinary molecular structures in every cell of our bodies.The more we discover, the more we understand that what we dont yet know is greater than what we know.The more powerful our telescopes, the stranger and more unexpected are the heavens we see.The closer we look
10、at the minute detail of matter, the more we discover of its profound structure.In a famous story told by Plato in the seventh book of The Republic, some men are chained at the bottom of a dark cave and see only shadows cast upon a wall by a fire behind them.They think that this is reality.One of the
11、m frees himself, leaves the cave and discovers the light of the sun and the wider world.At first the light, to which his eyes are unaccustomed, stuns and confuses him.But eventually he can see and returns excitedly to his companions to tell them what he has seen.They find it hard to believe.We are a
12、ll in the depths of a cave, chained by our ignorance, our prejudices, and our weak senses reveal only shadows.If we try to see further, we are confused: we are unaccustomed.But we try.This is science.Scientific thinking explores and redraws the world, gradually offering us better and better images o
13、f it, teaching us to think in ever more effective ways.Its strength is its capacity to demolish (推翻) old ideas, to reveal new regions of reality, and to construct new, more effective images of the world.This adventure rests upon the entirety of past knowledge, but at its heart is change.The incomple
14、teness and the uncertainty of our knowledge, hung over the abyss (深淵) of what we dont know, does not make life meaningless: it makes it interesting and precious.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要告訴我們，我們對(duì)宇宙的了解還不夠全面。不斷去探索未知的世界，會(huì)使我們的生活變得更加充實(shí)而且有趣。3What does the author want to tell us in the first three paragraphs?AThe new disco
15、veries of the universe prove to be wrong.BMan has created splendid cultures in the course of centuries.COur knowledge of the universe is incomplete and uncertain.DThe existing technologies are enough for further exploration.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段到第三段的內(nèi)容，特別是“. realize just how many wrong ideas weve had”“.
16、the more we understand that . is greater than what we know”這樣的文字可以推斷現(xiàn)階段我們對(duì)宇宙的認(rèn)識(shí)是不完整和不確定的。4The story told by Plato is meant to _.Amake us aware of the cruelty of realityBencourage us to explore the unknown worldCapplaud the heroic deeds of chasing freedomDjustify our ignorance and prejudice about the
17、 world解析：選B推理判斷題。這個(gè)故事講的是一個(gè)人離開(kāi)洞穴看到太陽(yáng)和廣闊的世界，說(shuō)的就是我們應(yīng)該去探尋我們認(rèn)知以外的世界。5What does the author want to stress in the passage?AExploring the universe makes our life meaningful.BLeaving things as they are makes our life perfect.CNew discoveries of the universe will cause confusion.DPast knowledge prevents us co
18、nstructing a new world.解析：選A推理判斷題。通過(guò)閱讀全文，尤其是最后一段可知作者要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是知道自己知識(shí)的不足，并不斷去探索未知的世界，并不會(huì)使我們的生活變得索然無(wú)味，相反的是會(huì)使我們的生活變得有趣和珍貴。C(2019鹽城三模)One day in 1995, a large, heavy middleaged man robbed two Pittsburgh banks in broad daylight.He didnt wear a mask and he smiled at surveillance cameras before walking out of e
19、ach bank.Later that night, police arrested a surprised McArthur Wheeler.When they showed him the surveillance tapes, Wheeler stared in disbelief.“But I wore the juice，” he mumbled.Apparently, Wheeler thought that rubbing lemon juice on his skin would make him invisible to videotape cameras.After all
20、, lemon juice is used as invisible ink so, as long as he didnt come near a heat source, he should have been completely invisible.The case caught the eye of the psychologist David Dunning at Cornell University, who enlisted his graduate student, Justin Kruger, to see what was going on.They reasoned t
21、hat, while almost everyone holds favourable views of their abilities in various social and intellectual fields, some people mistakenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are.This “illusion of confidence” is now called the “DunningKruger effect”， and describes the cognitiv
22、e bias to inflate selfassessment.To investigate this phenomenon in the lab, Dunning and Kruger designed some clever experiments.In one study, they asked undergraduate students a series of questions about grammar, logic and jokes, and then asked each student to estimate his or her score overall, as w
23、ell as their relative rankings compared to the other students.Interestingly, students who scored the lowest in these cognitive tasks always overestimated how well they did by a lot.Students who scored in the bottom estimated that they had performed better than twothirds of the other students! Sure,
24、its typical for people to overestimate their abilities.The problem is that when people are incompetent, not only do they reach wrong conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but also they are robbed of the ability to realize their mistakes.In a semesterlong study of college students, good students
25、could better predict their performance on future exams given feedback about their scores and rankings.However, the poorest performers showed no recognition, despite clear and repeated feedback that they were doing badly.Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorrect ways, incompetent
26、people insist that their ways are correct.As Charles Darwin wrote in The Descent of Man (1871): “Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge.”Interestingly, really smart people also fail to accurately selfassess their abilities.As much as Dand Fgrade students overestimate their a
27、bilities, Agrade students underestimate theirs.The difference is that competent people can and do adjust their selfassessment given appropriate feedback, while incompetent individuals cannot.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要闡述了“鄧寧克魯格效應(yīng)”。研究表明有能力的人會(huì)根據(jù)各方面的反饋來(lái)調(diào)整自己的思路，而無(wú)知的人往往看不到自己的不足，盲目自信，固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)。6Which of the following statements
28、 about the DunningKruger effect is true?AThe effect is true for everyone in daily life.BIt suggests that most people lack cognitive abilities.CSome people are overconfident about their abilities.DThe conclusion is drawn based on a series of bank robberies.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，特別是其中的“some people mist
29、akenly assess their abilities as being much higher than they actually are”以及“ .DunningKruger effect， and describes the cognitive bias to inflate selfassessment”可知，鄧寧克魯格效應(yīng)指的是那些過(guò)度高估自己能力的，過(guò)度自信的人。7What do the college students behaviors mentioned in the experiments prove?AFeedback plays a significant rol
30、e in estimating ones ability.BIncompetent people have a rigid attitude towards their choice.CGood students can predict their future performance accurately.DPeople cant rely on their previous behavior to make adjustments.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“Instead of being confused or thoughtful about their incorr
31、ect ways, incompetent people insist that their ways are correct.”可知，能力差的人不會(huì)去反思自己的不正確的方法，而是堅(jiān)持他們的方法是正確的。所以說(shuō)他們非常的固執(zhí)。8The underlined word “begets” can be replaced by _.Agives rise toBtakes advantage ofCmakes up for Dbreaks away from解析：選A詞義猜測(cè)題。引用查爾斯達(dá)爾文作品中的這句話，是對(duì)上面的研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。上面的研究表明無(wú)知的人更加盲目地自信。所以這句話的意思是“
32、無(wú)知比知識(shí)更容易產(chǎn)生自信?！眀eget(give rise to)“產(chǎn)生”的意思。9What can we infer from the passage?AReal knowledge is knowing the extent of ones ignorance.BIt is difficult for people to evaluate their real competence.CIllusion of confidence is the major source of peoples failure.DThose with great abilities often have a l
33、ow opinion of themselves.解析：選A推理判斷題。本文主要闡述了“鄧寧克魯格效應(yīng)”。研究表明有能力的人會(huì)根據(jù)各方面的反饋來(lái)調(diào)整自己的思路，而無(wú)知的人往往看不到自己的不足，盲目自信，固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)。所以真正的知識(shí)是了解一個(gè)人無(wú)知的程度。D(2019蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)三模)Ive never seen the night nor seen a star; Ive seen neither spring nor fall nor winter.I was born at the end of the Reining Age (剎車(chē)時(shí)代), just as the Earths rotat
34、ion (旋轉(zhuǎn)) was coming to a final stop.The Reining lasted for 42 years, three years longer than the Unity Government had planned.My mother once told me about the time our family witnessed the last sunset.The Sun had ever so slowly crept toward the horizon, almost as if it had stopped moving altogether.
35、In the end, it took three days and three nights to finally set.Naturally, that was the end of all “days” and all “nights”The Eastern Hemisphere (半球) was covered in weak light for a long time then, perhaps for a dozen years or so with the Sun hiding just beyond the horizon its rays reflected by half
36、of the sky.It was during that long sunset that I was born.Dusk did not mean darkness.The Northern Hemisphere was lit up by the Earth Engines.These giant engines had been raised all across Asia and North America; only the solid plates beneath those two continents could resist the great pushing forces
37、 they exerted.There were about 12,000 Earth Engines built and distributed across the Asian and American plains.From my home I could see the bright plasma plumes (等離子氣柱) of several hundred Earth Engines.Just imagine a titanic palace, one as large as the Parthenon on the Acropolis.Now imagine countles
38、s titanic pillars rising from that palace, reaching to the heavens, each releasing brilliant, bluish white light like a titanic shining tube.And then there is you; you are a microbe on the palaces floor.This only begins to paint the picture of the world we lived in.This picture, however, is not yet
39、complete.In order to survive the melting temperature of the expanding sun, we have to push the Earth away from it.First, the Earth must be stopped from rotating.Only the forces acting tangentially (正切地) to the Earths rotation could slow it, so the Earth Engines had to be built to a specific angle.Th
40、ose gigantic pillars of light were leaning to that angle.Now imagine what that meant for our palace, with its pillars all leaning on the point of falling down! Many who came from the Southern Hemisphere went mad when suddenly seeing this awesome view.Worse than the view was the burning heat released
41、 by the Earth Engines.Outdoors the temperature was stuck at around 160 to 180 degrees, forcing us to wear special suits just to leave the house.The extremely high temperatures often brought pouring rains.It was always a terrifying scene when the beam of an Earth Engine cut through dark clouds.The cl
42、ouds scattered the brilliant, bluish white light of the beam, erupting it into endless rainbow light that covered the entire sky like white hot magma (巖漿)To my generation, born in the Northern Hemisphere, all of this was perfectly normal and natural, just like the Sun, stars and Moon had been to gen
43、erations before the Reining Age.We called the entire history of the human race that had come before us the PreSolar Age; what a fascinating and golden era that had truly been! The Reining Age left the earth with a horrifying result.The sea tides, quickened by the Earth Engines, had swallowed two out
44、 of every three cities in the Northern Hemisphere; then the global increase in temperatures melted the polar icecap, resulting in floods that spread to the Southern Hemisphere.Thirty years earlier my grandfather had witnessed giant 300 foot waves that had engulfed Shanghai.Even now, he could never t
45、ell us about it without his gaze slipping into a thousandmile stare.Our planet had already changed beyond recognition before it even set out on its journey.Who knew what hardships were waiting for us on our long travels through outer space?語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇科幻故事，主要幻想了“剎車(chē)時(shí)代”地球、太陽(yáng)的運(yùn)行狀況和人們的生活情況。10What happened
46、 when the author was born?AThe earth had stopped turning for forty two years.BThe sun was making its last fall towards the horizon.CAll the Earth Engines had not been finished.DHis family were suffering from the summer hotness.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“our family witnessed the last sunset”，然后 “In the end
47、, it took three days and three nights to finally set.Naturally, that was the end of all days and all nights”，可知作者出生的時(shí)候他的家人目睹了最后的日落，它落幕之后，地球就沒(méi)有白天也沒(méi)有黑夜。11Which of the following about the Earth Engines is right?AThey were built in Asia and North America due to their huge number and weight.BTheir light
48、and heat provided necessary energy for people to survive.CThey were all built to point straight upward to the sky to stop the earth rotating.DTheir existence brought both opportunities and inconvenience to people on the earth.解析：選D推理判斷題。文章第三段講這些地球的引擎能夠照亮北半球，但是給南半球的人們帶來(lái)了一種驚嚇感(第五段最后一句話)，同時(shí)，地球引擎會(huì)釋放出大量的
49、熱(在第六段的第一句話)，導(dǎo)致人們要穿很厚的衣服，所以引擎既有好處又有不便。12What can we infer from the last three paragraphs?APeople born in the Southern Hemisphere could enjoy four different seasons.BThe author missed his PreSolar Age lifestyle very much.CGrandfather would never forget the scene of Shanghai being swallowed.DThe autho
50、r was discouraged but optimistic about the future of the earth.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第八段第三、四句“Thirty years earliermy grandfather had witnessed giant 300 foot waves that had engulfed Shanghai.Even now, he could never tell us about it without his gaze slipping into a thousandmild stare”可知每次祖父回憶的時(shí)候總會(huì)反思很久很久，會(huì)盯著遠(yuǎn)
51、處很久很久。所以可以推斷上海的淹沒(méi)給祖父留下了深刻的印象。13In this excerpt (節(jié)選) we can clearly see that the author is good at_.Adescribing mental activitiesBvisualizing vivid scenesCdoing experimental analysisDexpressing personal belief解析：選B推理判斷題。此文出現(xiàn)了超多的just imagine, imagine, now imagine，所以作者是在把抽象的東西具體化，以生動(dòng)的方式調(diào)動(dòng)讀者的多重感官。14This
52、 excerpt is a part of_.Aa documentary novelBan academic essayCa scientific research reportDa science fiction解析：選D推理判斷題。文章中所描述的一些事情都是到目前為止并沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事情，比如說(shuō)作者說(shuō)他出生在一個(gè)沒(méi)有日落和日出的時(shí)代，再比如提到由地球引擎加速的海潮吞沒(méi)了北半球每三個(gè)城市中的兩個(gè)，上海被吞沒(méi)等等，所以可以看得出這是一篇科幻小說(shuō)。15What is the best title of this chapter?AThe Last SunsetBThe Earth EnginesCThe Reining AgeDThe PostSolar Life解析：選C標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一段一開(kāi)始就提出作者認(rèn)為自己生活在一個(gè)剎車(chē)時(shí)代。地球很快就要停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了。接下去幾段都在講剎車(chē)時(shí)代地球、太陽(yáng)的運(yùn)行狀況和人們的生活情況。所以以“The Reining Age”作為標(biāo)題比較適合。9
（江蘇專用）2020高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解組合練（四）
