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1、2018年中考英語第二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項訓(xùn)練學(xué)案(單項選擇 動詞和動詞短語)一、行為動詞 行為動詞是能獨立作謂語的動詞，根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語，可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。 1. 及物動詞 及物動詞本身意義不完整，后面要跟一個名詞或代詞等作賓語才能使其意思完整。 動詞十賓語，如：buy some books買一些書； 動詞十賓語十賓補(bǔ)，如：find the book interesting發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書有趣； 動詞十間接賓語十直接賓語，如：give me some money給我一些錢。常見帶雙賓語的詞有：give, pass, buy, offer, teach, tell等。 2. 不及物動詞 不及物動詞
2、自身意思完整，無需接賓語。后接賓語時，必須先加介詞、副詞等，使其變成及物的動詞短語。如： He arrives early every morning.他每天到得很早。 They are looking at the blackboard.他們在看黑板。 3. 有的動詞既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞。如：She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing是不及物動詞） She sang an English song just now. 她剛才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物動詞) 4. 常見行為動詞辨析 spend，cost. take與pay spend指花費時間或者金錢，
3、后接on sth或(in)doing sth；cost的主語為物，意為“值多少錢”；take表示花費多少時間，可用于固定句型It+takes/took+sb.+時間+to do sth；pay與介詞for連用。如： He spends two hours in doing his homework every day.他每天花兩小時做作業(yè)。 The car cost him a lot of money.這輛車花了他好多錢。 It took me half an hour to clean the room. 我花了半小時打掃房間。 I paid 40 yuan for the book.這本
4、書我花了40塊錢。 borrow，lend與keep 三者都可表示“借”，但是borrow指“借入，借進(jìn)（從他人那里借某東西為自己所用）”，常用短語：borrow sth. from sb. /sp.；lend指“借出去（借給他人）”，常用短語：lend sth. to sb. /lend sb. sth.（通常跟雙賓語）。區(qū)別時關(guān)鍵看主語，是主語借給別人就是lend，主語向別人借就是borrow; keep是延續(xù)性動詞，常與表示一段時間的狀語連周，表示“借多長時間”。如： My sister often borrows books from the library.我妹妹常從圖書館借書。 I
5、 lent my bike to Jim yesterday.我昨天把自行車借給杰姆了。 How long can I keep the book?這本書我能借多久？ speak, say, talk與 tellspeak意為“講話”，著重指在會議上的演講，或指講某種語言等。say意為“說”，著重說的內(nèi)容，用作及物動詞。talk意為“談話”，著重雙方交談。talk to/with sb about sth表示“和某人談?wù)撃呈隆?。tell意為“告訴”，一般接雙賓語。tell a story，“講故事”；tell a lie，“撒謊”。 如：He can speak Chinese.他能說中文。
6、Please say it in English.請用英語說。 They are talking about it. 他們在談?wù)撨@事。 He can tell you something about his family.他會告訴你有關(guān)他家的事。 forget與leave forget意為忘記（記憶中的東西）”。表示“遺忘”時，不能同表示地點的詞語連用；leave意為“落下，遺落”，指把某物遺忘在某個地方，后接表示地點的詞語。 Ive forgotten his name.我已忘了他的名字。 He left his English book at home.他把英語書忘家里了。 例題l- Ho
7、w long have you _ the iPad? - Only two days. I will return it to Jack this afternoon. A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. kept 【解析】D bought和borrowed都是短暫性動作，had作延續(xù)性動詞意為“買”，kept作延續(xù)性動詞意為“借，保留”。根據(jù)問句意思“平板電腦你借多久了？”選擇延續(xù)性動詞“kept”，故選C項。 例題2 Many people can not afford one house in life because it _ too much. A. s
8、pends B. costs C. pays D. takes 【解析】B句意：許多人一輩子買不起房因為房子太貴了。it指“房子”，物作主語，謂語動詞要用cost表示花費。故選B項。二、連系動詞 連系動詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。常見的系動詞分類如下：分類例詞例句be動詞 am, is, are, was, were She is a girl with short hair. 她是個留短發(fā)的女孩。感官類系動詞look, sound, smell, feel, tasteHis plan sounds wonderful. 他的計劃
9、聽起來很棒。變化類系動詞become, get, grow, go, turnHer face turned red. 她的臉變紅了。狀態(tài)類系動詞keep, stay, remainThe shop stays open till 9 pm. 這家店開到晚上9點。 注意： 1. 系動詞十形容詞，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 2. 系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，也不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。如： 這條裙子摸起來很舒服。（漢譯英） The dress feels comfortable（正確） The dress is felt comfortable（錯誤）例題 -Three-D printing technology could
10、 be used to build a house in less than 24 hours. - It _amazing. Its my first time to get to know the news. A. looks B. smells C sounds D. tastes 【解析】C考查感官類系動詞辨析。look?？雌饋怼?；smell“聞起來”；sound“聽起來”；taste“嘗起來”。由后句“這是我第一次了解這個消息”可知“消息”是聽起來驚人。故選C項。三、助動詞助動詞本身沒有意義，它只是幫助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語，表示疑問、否定、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等。有些單詞并不是固定的助動詞，如動詞
11、be、have、do等在句子中與主要動詞一起構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定句、疑問句時，才擔(dān)當(dāng)起助動詞的作用。常見的助動詞還有will, shall, would, should等。分類作用beam/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞過去進(jìn)行時be+過去分詞被動語態(tài)do形式有do，does，did，用于構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句，或用在動詞原形前加強(qiáng)語氣。havehave/has+過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時had+過去分詞過去完成時will/shall/ would/shouldwill/shall+動詞原形一般將來時would/should+動詞原形過去將來時例題 -_ the excha
12、nge students _ visit the Great Wall the day after tomorrow? - Yes, they are, I think. A. Will; / B. Shall;C. Is; going to D. Are; going to 【解析】 D 根據(jù)問句中“the day after tomorrow”后答句中“they are”得知選用將來時態(tài)的“be going to”結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)。故選D項。四、動詞短語 以動詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語稱為動詞短語。動詞短語的類別和用法類別用法常見的動詞短語動詞十介詞這類短語動詞后跟賓語時，賓語都須置于介詞之后。
13、look for, look after, wait for, talk about, shout at, shout to, work on, hear from, think of, depend on, belong to動詞十副詞及物性質(zhì)的短語動詞后跟名詞（詞組）作賓語時，賓語置于副詞前后均可；后跟代詞作賓語時，賓語要置于副詞之前。cheer up, clean up, put up, fix up, work out, give out, give away, think over, hand in, put on, try on, put away, pick up, give b
14、ack動詞十副詞+介詞這類短語動詞后跟賓語時，賓語應(yīng)置于介詞之后。 catch up with, look forward to, keep away from, run out of, get along with, get out of, come up with, go on with 動詞十名詞十介詞它們相當(dāng)于及物動詞，后面要接賓語。make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, take notice of, take part inbe十形容詞十介詞be good at, be interested in, be good fo
15、r, be worried about動詞十反身代詞（+介詞） 這類短語相當(dāng)于及物動詞，其后可按賓語 devote oneself to help oneself to, dress oneself 例題 1 Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can any problem you face. A work out B. hand out C. find out D. put out 【解析】A本題考查的是含有out的動介短語辨析。work out解決，算出，hand out分發(fā)，find out找出，pu
16、t out撲滅，根據(jù)句意“生命就像一場有麻煩的旅行，只有用關(guān)心和智慧你才能夠解決你所面對的任何問題?！北绢}應(yīng)該選A。 例題2 -When did the first plane to Hong Kong leave? - Wait a minute. Im just _. A. turning up B. picking upC. catching up D. looking up 【解析】 D本題考查含有up的動詞短語辨析。turn up“調(diào)高（音量）”；pick up“撿起，拾起”；catch up“趕上”；look up“抬頭看，查找”。根據(jù)句意“去香港的第一航班什么時候走的？稍等，我查
17、一下?！北绢}選D項。真題測試測試時間：30分鐘 滿分：80分1. Steven, go to bed now. You should _ before six tomorrow, or you will miss the plane.A. get off B. get upC. get on D. get along2. The governments should _ the use of new types of energy to make a greener world. A. push in B. push forC. put out D. put up3. - The school
18、 network will be shut down for safety reasons.- That doesnt _ me at all. Im not a net-worm, anyway.A. satisfy B. surpriseC. worry D. include4. TFBOYS songs _ sweet and many of us like listening to them.A. sound B. feelC. taste D. look5. The librarian told me that I could_ these magazines for three d
19、ays.A. borrow B. buyC. keep D. return6. Helen encouraged me to speak English as much as possible because practice _ perfect. A. becomes B. becameC. will make D. makes7. UNICEF was _ in Europe in 1946, after World War II. A. put up B. turned upC. set up D. given up8. - Has Jane done the washing yet?-
20、 You cannot _ her to do such a thing.A. wantB. hopeC. expectD. wish9. - Do you know our new manager?- Yes. He _ to be a friend of my brother.A. turns upB. turns onC. turns outD. turns off10. -Oh, my God! I _my notebook in my bedroom. - It doesnt matter. Ill lend you mine. A. forget B. forgotC. leave
21、 D. left11. In the song I Bet My Life , the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never to _ catching their dreams.A give up B. give outC. give in D. give off12. Its important for us to protect nature because we _ its rich resources to live. A. depend on B. leave forC. give up D. lead to13. - Wha
22、ts wrong with Simon? He isnt at school today. - His legs hurt. He was_ by a motorcycle this morning. A. treated B. hitC. operated D. cured14. When you _ yourself with others, you miss the wonder of who you are. A compare B. communicateC. contact D. connect15. -Where is your father, Helen?- He is try
23、ing to _ a new shower in the bathroom.A. put out B. put inC. put through D. put down16. The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never _.A. come out B. put outC. carry out D. run out17. -How long can I _ this novel Gullivers Travels ?- Only two weeks.A. borrow B. lendC. return D. k
24、eep18. The young firemen were so brave that they _ the fire and saved the children in that house.A. put in B. put onC. put out D. put up 19. -Jenny, I hear there will be an art club in our school.- Wonderful! I cant wait to_ it.A. repeat B. forgetC. receive D. join20. Lao Shes Teahouse _ the changes
25、 in Chinese society over fifty years.A. describes B. improvesC. prepares D. corrects21. Bob is taking the desks away because they _ too much room.A. stand up B. pick upC. take up D. listen up22. They walked home last night because they couldnt _ to take a taxi. A. leave B. buyC. afford D. allow23. J
26、ane is very busy these days, for she has a lot of problems to _.A. deal with B. keep up withC. agree with D. come up with24. Soccer is a wonderful game for children. It _ great exercise, such as running and kicking.A. provides B. remainsC. practises D. receives25. -Yesterday Tommy walked past my tab
27、le and _ my bowls and dishes. - He should be careful next time. A. knocked off B. took offC. showed off D. turned off26. We all know that learning a foreign language _ time and effort.A requires B. reducesC. removesD. repeats27. China is going to _a manned space station around 2020 to explore more s
28、paceA set up B. put upC. wake up D. turn up28. A Bite of China 2 includes eight episodes. It _ the stories of more than 150 people, and over 300 types of food. A. finds B. provesC. covers D. imagines29. - What do you think of your school, Linda?- Its a good place for us to _ ourselves for the future
29、.A. promise B. proveC. prepare D. present30. - Do you know the latest information about Flight MH370? - Ive no idea. Lets _ the TV to watch the news programme.A. turn on B. turn downC. turn up D. turn off31. Its not the right time to argue about who should be blamed. Wed better _ and find a way out
30、as soon as possible.A stay up B. give upC. calm down D. look down32. Dont _ too late tonight, or you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow.A. get upB. put upC. stay upD. wake up33. - Your trainers _colourful.- Yes. And they are popular among young people.A. feel B. smellC. taste D. look34. You should _
31、 smoking. Its really bad for your health.A. look up B. give upC. get up D. set up35. The 18tri Jiangsu Provincial Games will _ in September. Many students want to be volunteers.A. take place B. take partC. take action D. take care36. - What smells terrible, Ted ?- Im sorry. Ill _ my shoes and wash t
32、hem at once.A. take away B. put awayC. throw away D. keep away37. I think our government should pass a law to _ food waste.A. save B. increaseC. protect D. reduce38. We all know how wonderful you are . There is no need to _.A. show off B. give upC. take care D. carry on39. The Yellow River flood lar
33、ge areas, but now the waters of it are used to _ energy.A .was used to; producingB. used to; producingC. was used to; produceD. used to; produce40. - The classroom is so bright now. You should _ the lights.- OK, I will.A. turn on B. turn upC. turn down D. turn off模擬測試測試時間：30分鐘 滿分：60分1. -It is report
34、ed that some natural resources will _ because they are used carelessly. - What a pity! Lets act to protect them right away.A. break out B. run outC. put out D. hand out2. - Look! Hes running so fast! - Hard to _ his legs were once broken.A. know B. imagineC. think D. understand3. We all know some of
35、 the polices duties are to keep order and _ the law.A. take out B. find outC. come out D. carry out4. -Why are you often dressed in white?- Because I think white can help me _ when I feel stressed.A. fall down B. calm downC. look down D. come down5. -Would you please _ the TV a little? Jack is doing
36、 his homework.- Terribly sorry, I will.A. turn up B. turn downC. turn on D. turn off6. - How was your May Day holiday?- Just so so, we drove to Hangzhou and tried to find a place for parking, but they were all_A. given up B. taken upC. stayed upD. put up Mr Johnson,7. - Mr. Johnson, would you have s
37、ome more ice cream?- No, thanks. Its very good, but I have to _ my weight, you know. A. remain B. watchC. notice D. care8. - How much _the shoes?- Five dollars_ enough.A is; isB. are; is C. are; areD. is; are9. The computer system _ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A.
38、 broke down B. broke outC. broke up D. broke in10. - How much is the 3 - D TV set _ ? - Ive no idea, you can check it online. A. spent B. takenC. worth D. cost11. Its not the right time to argue about whose fault it is. Wed better _and find a way out as soon as possible.A. break down B. give upC. ca
39、lm down D. look down12. Dont waste food! _ all the vegetables on the plate.A. Wash up B. Eat upC. Put up D. Clean up13. - Can I speak to Mrs Green? - Sorry, wrong number. Please _to 114 and check the number.A. put out B. put offC. put through D. put away14.- What are you going to do for the School D
40、ay?- We11_ a new play.A. put out B. put offC. put into D. put on15. Wearing white can help people _ when they feel stressedA. fall down B. calm downC. look downD. come down16. China Dream is a great way to gather people together and _the fast development of our country.A. try out for B. fit forC. pu
41、sh for D. cheer for17. - How were your May Day holiday?- Everything was wonderful except that our car _.A. slowed downB. put downC. came downD. broke down18. How lucky Peter was! Some policemen arrived in time and _ him out.A. tried to helpB. managed to helpC. tried helpingD. succeeded to help19. Wa
42、ter from this polluted well _ serious illness.A. causes toB. suffers fromC. leads to D. lies in20. Wed better _ subjects like age, weight or money while talking in Western countries.A. agree . B. avoidC. afford D. allow21. Mike _live in London, but now he works in China.A. is used to B. used toC. wa
43、s used to D. gets used to22. -Excuse me, sir. Would you please _the total cost of the dinner?- All right, I will make it at once.A. take out B. give outC. work out D. put out23. Mum is the busiest in my family. She _ early every day.A. is used to get upB. is used to getting upC. is used for getting
44、up D. used to get up24. - Look! There is some fish left. Its a waste of food.- We should_ .A. put it out B. sell it outC. drink it up D. eat it up25. -Whats wrong with you, Eric? You look tired.- I _ to prepare for the final exam last night. A. picked up B. woke upC. stayed up D. put up26. The rubbi
45、sh near the river_. Please clean it up as soon as possible.A. smells bad B. is smelt badC. smells badly D. is smelt badly27. - Jack, could you help me _ these pictures on the blackboard? It may help us know more about the hazy weather. (霧霾)- With pleasure. A. put in B. put upC. put on D. put down28.
46、 Recycling is one way to protect the environment, so dont _ bottles or newspapers.A find out B. hand inC use up D. throw away29. Finally, the two volunteers _ a plan to help the injured tiger.A. looked out B. worked outC. got outD. took out30. - Many students dont know how to _ stress and become wor
47、ried.- I think theyd better talk to their teachers or parents.A. argue with B. deal withC. come up with D. quarrel with答案：真題測試1-5. BBCAC 6-10. DCCCD 11-15. AABAB16- 20. DDCDA 21-25. CCAAA 26-30. AACCA31-35. CCDBA 36-40. ADADD模擬測試1-5. BBDBB 6-10. BBBAA 11-15. ABCDB16-20. CDBCB 21-25. 13CBDC 26-30. ABDBB
中考英語 動詞和動詞短語
