變速箱體臥式雙面組合鏜床及工裝夾具設(shè)計(jì)
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機(jī)械加工工藝過(guò)程卡片產(chǎn)品型號(hào)零件圖號(hào)產(chǎn)品名稱(chēng)變速箱體零件名稱(chēng)變速箱體共1 頁(yè)第1 頁(yè)材料牌號(hào)毛坯種類(lèi)鍛件毛坯外形尺寸380x310x320每毛坯可制作數(shù)1每臺(tái)件數(shù) 1備注工序號(hào)工序名稱(chēng)工序內(nèi)容車(chē)間工段設(shè)備工藝裝備工時(shí)/min0下料鑄造鑄準(zhǔn)終單件05熱處理人工時(shí)效處理熱10涂漆非加工面涂漆處理15銑粗精銑上蓋結(jié)合面金轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)銑床銑刀20鉆在上結(jié)合面鉆孔、鉸孔、攻絲金鉆、攻絲組合機(jī)床鉆頭25銑粗銑前后端面金龍門(mén)銑床銑刀30銑粗銑兩側(cè)窗口面金龍門(mén)銑床銑刀35鉆前后端面鉆孔金臥式雙面鉆孔組合機(jī)床鉆頭40鉆兩側(cè)窗口面鉆金臥式雙面鉆孔組合機(jī)床鉆頭45銑粗銑倒檔軸孔內(nèi)端面金雙面鉆銑組合機(jī)床銑刀50鉸鉸窗口面上定位孔金臥式單面鉸孔機(jī)床鉸刀55鏜粗鏜前后端面軸承孔,擴(kuò)倒檔孔金臥式雙面多軸組合鏜床鏜刀60鏜精鏜前后端面軸承孔,鉸倒檔軸孔金臥式雙面多軸組合鏜床鏜刀65銑精銑兩側(cè)窗口面金臥式雙面多軸組合銑床銑刀描圖70攻前后端面螺孔攻絲金臥式雙面多軸攻絲機(jī)床鉆頭75銑精銑倒檔軸孔內(nèi)端面金臥式銑攻組合機(jī)床銑刀描校80攻兩側(cè)窗口面螺孔攻絲金臥式雙面多軸攻絲機(jī)床鉆頭85銑精銑前后端面金龍門(mén)銑床銑刀底圖號(hào)90清洗95檢驗(yàn)裝訂號(hào)100入庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì) (日期)審核 (日期)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 (日期)會(huì)簽 (日期)標(biāo)記處數(shù)更改文件號(hào)簽字日期無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院畢畢業(yè)業(yè)設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)(論論文文)題目:題目: 臥式雙面組合鏜床及工裝設(shè)計(jì)臥式雙面組合鏜床及工裝設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專(zhuān)專(zhuān) 業(yè)業(yè)學(xué) 號(hào): 0923213 學(xué)生姓名: 陳 超 指導(dǎo)教師: 許文(職稱(chēng):副教授 ) (職稱(chēng): )2013 年 5 月 25 日無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)誠(chéng)誠(chéng) 信信 承承 諾諾 書(shū)書(shū)本人鄭重聲明:所呈交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 臥式雙面組合鏜床設(shè)計(jì) 是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究所取得的成果,其內(nèi)容除了在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)中特別加以標(biāo)注引用,表示致謝的內(nèi)容外,本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)不包含任何其他個(gè)人、集體已發(fā)表或撰寫(xiě)的成果作品。 班 級(jí): 機(jī)械 95 學(xué) 號(hào): 0923213 作者姓名: 2013 年 5 月 25 日無(wú)無(wú)錫錫太太湖湖學(xué)學(xué)院院信信 機(jī)機(jī)系系 機(jī)機(jī)械械工工程程及及自自動(dòng)動(dòng)化化 專(zhuān)專(zhuān)業(yè)業(yè)畢畢 業(yè)業(yè) 設(shè)設(shè) 計(jì)計(jì)論論 文文 任任 務(wù)務(wù) 書(shū)書(shū)一、題目及專(zhuān)題:一、題目及專(zhuān)題: 1、題目臥式雙面組合鏜床及工裝設(shè)計(jì) 2、專(zhuān)題臥式雙面組合鏜床設(shè)計(jì) 二、課題來(lái)源及選題依據(jù)二、課題來(lái)源及選題依據(jù) 本課題來(lái)源于生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐,設(shè)計(jì)的對(duì)象是加工變速箱殼體的孔的組合機(jī)床用鏜床夾具,組合機(jī)床是用按系列化設(shè)計(jì)的通用部件和按被加工零件的形狀及加工藝要求設(shè)計(jì)的專(zhuān)用部件組成的專(zhuān)用機(jī)床,它有精度高,效率高,結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,占地小,便于維護(hù)和修理等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。隨著生產(chǎn)的不斷發(fā)展,組合機(jī)床極其自動(dòng)線被廣泛的推廣和使用,它對(duì)于機(jī)械制造工業(yè),特別是汽車(chē),拖拉機(jī),電動(dòng)機(jī),柴油機(jī),儀器儀表及軍工部門(mén)等生產(chǎn)發(fā)展有著十分重要的意義。 三、本設(shè)計(jì)(論文或其他)應(yīng)達(dá)到的要求:三、本設(shè)計(jì)(論文或其他)應(yīng)達(dá)到的要求:在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成下列任務(wù)要求: 1.設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)要求:分析被加工零件的形狀和主要輪廓尺寸以及本工序機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)部位結(jié)構(gòu)形狀和尺寸;本工序所選的定位基準(zhǔn)、壓緊部位及加緊方向;本工序加工表面的尺寸、精度、表面粗糙度、形位公差 等技術(shù)要求以及對(duì)上道工序的技術(shù)要求并擬定機(jī)械加工工藝路線、進(jìn)行工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)、設(shè)計(jì)一套適用該變速箱加工的臥式雙面組合鏜床。 2設(shè)計(jì)工作量要求: 1)抄畫(huà)零件圖; 2)編制機(jī)加工工藝文件; 3)繪制臥式雙面組合鏜床裝配圖及全套非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件圖; 4)編寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)(30 頁(yè)) ; 5)翻譯 8000 以上外文印刷字符或譯出 4000 漢字以上的有關(guān)技術(shù)資料或?qū)I(yè)文獻(xiàn)。 四、接受任務(wù)學(xué)生:四、接受任務(wù)學(xué)生: 機(jī)械 95 班班 姓名姓名 陳 超 五、開(kāi)始及完成日期:五、開(kāi)始及完成日期:自自 2012 年年 11 月月 12 日日 至至 2013 年年 5 月月 25 日日六、設(shè)計(jì)(論文)指導(dǎo)(或顧問(wèn)):六、設(shè)計(jì)(論文)指導(dǎo)(或顧問(wèn)):指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師簽名簽名 簽名簽名教教研研室室主主任任學(xué)科組組長(zhǎng)研究所所長(zhǎng)學(xué)科組組長(zhǎng)研究所所長(zhǎng)簽名簽名 系主任系主任 簽名簽名 I20122012 年年 1111 月月 1212 日日摘摘 要要該篇論文為鏜主軸箱的 6 個(gè)軸孔的變速箱組合鏜床設(shè)計(jì)。鏜床是主要用鏜刀對(duì)工件已有的預(yù)制孔進(jìn)行鏜削的機(jī)床。通常以鏜刀旋轉(zhuǎn)為主運(yùn)動(dòng),鏜刀或工件的移動(dòng)為進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)。它主要是用于加工高精度孔或一次定位完成多個(gè)孔的精加工,此外還可以從事與孔精加工有關(guān)的其他加工面的加工。使用不同的刀具和附件還可進(jìn)行鉆削、銑削、切削,其加工精度和表面質(zhì)量要高于鉆床。鏜床是大型箱體零件加工的主要設(shè)備,也可加工螺紋及外圓和端面等。以箱體零件同軸孔系為代表的長(zhǎng)孔鏜削,是金屬切削加工中最重要的內(nèi)容之一。盡管現(xiàn)在仍有采用鏜模、導(dǎo)套、臺(tái)式銑鏜床后立柱支承長(zhǎng)鏜桿或人工找正工件回轉(zhuǎn)180等方法實(shí)施長(zhǎng)孔鏜削的實(shí)例 ,但近些年來(lái),一方面由于數(shù)控銑鏜床和加工中心的大量使用,使各類(lèi)臥式銑鏜床的坐標(biāo)定位精度和工作臺(tái)回轉(zhuǎn)分度精度有了較大提高。從機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)上使工作臺(tái)回轉(zhuǎn) 180自定位的調(diào)頭鏜孔,幾乎 是成為了在該種機(jī)床上鏜削長(zhǎng)孔的唯一方法。本設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)主要包括了組合機(jī)床總體設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程,對(duì)工藝方案設(shè)計(jì)、總體設(shè)計(jì)、部件設(shè)計(jì)等幾方面加以論述。內(nèi)容有產(chǎn)品工序分析,組合機(jī)床總體布置以及鏜床主軸圖的繪制。關(guān)鍵詞:主軸箱;組合鏜床;加工工藝 II Abstract Gearbox combination boring lathe design this paper into 6 hole boring spindle box. Boring machine is mainly used for boring prefabricated holes on the workpiece has been the boring machine. Usually, boring cutter rotating main movement, the workpiece moving boring or for feed motion. It is mainly used for finishing machining high precision hole or a location to complete a plurality of holes, in addition to engage with the hole machining processing and other related processing surface.Different tools and accessories used can also be drilling, milling, cutting, the machining precision and surface quality than that of drilling machine. Boring machine is the main equipment of large body parts processing. Can also be processed the thread and the outer circle and end. Long hole boring to box part coaxial holes as the representative of the cut, is one of the most important content in the metal cutting. Although there are still using boring mode, guide sleeve, desktop milling and boring machine after the columns support the long boring bar or artificial alignment workpiece rotation of 180 DEG, examples of long hole boring. But in recent years, on the one hand because of the extensive use of CNC milling machine and machining center, precision of the coordinate positioning rotary precision and working table of horizontal boring and milling machine has been greatly improved. From the machine tool structure enable the rotary table 180 from the positioning of the turn-around boring, become almost the only method in the machine tool on the long hole boring. This design instruction booklet mainly includes overall design process of machine tool, and discusses the aspects of design, process scheme for the overall design, component design. The contents of product process analysis, combination of general layout of machine tool and boring spindle diagram.Key words: spindle box; combination machine; processing technology III目目 錄錄摘 要.IIIABSTRACT.IV目錄.V1 緒論.11.1 組合機(jī)床及其特點(diǎn).11.2 組合機(jī)床的組成和分類(lèi).21.3 通用部件的分類(lèi)及簡(jiǎn)介.21.4 組合機(jī)床的工藝范圍及發(fā)展方向.32 組合機(jī)床總體設(shè)計(jì).52.1 零件圖分析.52.1.1 零件的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及功用.52.1.2 變速箱的主要技術(shù)要求.62.1.3 變速箱的體的材料和毛坯.62.2 組合機(jī)床工藝方案的制定.62.2.1 工藝基面的分析.72.2.2 加工工藝的分析.72.2.3 加工余量的確定.82.2.4 確定加工工藝方案應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題.82.2.5 制定工件加工工藝路線.92.2.6 組合機(jī)床切削用量的選擇.102.3 組合機(jī)床總體設(shè)計(jì).112.3.1 被加工零件工序圖.112.3.2 加工示意圖.122.3.3 動(dòng)力部件的選擇.152.3.4 機(jī)床聯(lián)系尺寸圖的繪制.182.4 多軸箱的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).202.5 箱體補(bǔ)充加工圖.222.6 本章小結(jié).233 裝置的確定.243.1 導(dǎo)向裝置的作用、類(lèi)型及結(jié)構(gòu)形式.243.2 定主軸的類(lèi)型及鏜桿的確定.253.3 本章小結(jié).264 組合機(jī)床生產(chǎn)率的計(jì)算.27 IV4.1 機(jī)床生產(chǎn)率的計(jì)算.274.2 編寫(xiě)組合機(jī)床生產(chǎn)率計(jì)算卡.284.3 本章小結(jié).295 結(jié)論與展望.305.1 結(jié)論.305.2 展望.30致 謝.31參考文獻(xiàn).32 0 1 緒論緒論1.1 組合機(jī)床及其特點(diǎn)組合機(jī)床及其特點(diǎn)一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要支柱是制造業(yè),它的發(fā)展水平是該國(guó)家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力、科技水平、生活水準(zhǔn)和國(guó)防實(shí)力的標(biāo)志,而制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)能力和制造水平主要取決于機(jī)械制造裝備金屬切削機(jī)床的先進(jìn)程度。組合機(jī)床作為金屬切削機(jī)床的生力軍,是以通用部件為基礎(chǔ)配備,加上少量專(zhuān)用部件組成的一種專(zhuān)用高效自動(dòng)化設(shè)備,它具有設(shè)計(jì)制造投資少、周期短、加工精度穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益高、改裝方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。在機(jī)械加工工業(yè)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品大批量生產(chǎn)中,組合機(jī)床已得到廣泛運(yùn)用。像一些比較復(fù)雜的殼體類(lèi)零件,加工工藝復(fù)雜、定位夾緊困難,要提高其生產(chǎn)效率和加工精度,單憑普通的機(jī)床是很難辦到的,而在用普通機(jī)床加工復(fù)雜工件的過(guò)程中,對(duì)操作者的技術(shù)也提了較高的要求,這就迫切的要求生產(chǎn)一定數(shù)量的組合機(jī)床。這樣不但可以提高零件的加工精度和生產(chǎn)率,還有成本低、生產(chǎn)周期短的特點(diǎn),適合我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、教育水平和生產(chǎn)力水平,更能夠在激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中為公司獲得更多利潤(rùn)、提高公司核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力?,F(xiàn)代組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線作為機(jī)電一體化的一部分,它是控制、驅(qū)動(dòng)、測(cè)量、監(jiān)控、刀具和機(jī)械組件等技術(shù)的綜合反映。組合機(jī)床及其自動(dòng)線的技術(shù)性能和綜合自動(dòng)化水平也在很大的程度上決定了機(jī)械生產(chǎn)部門(mén)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)效率、質(zhì)量和公司生產(chǎn)組織的結(jié)構(gòu),也在很大程度上決定了公司產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,所以對(duì)組合機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)研究具有十分重要的意義。近年來(lái),這些技術(shù)已有了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步,作為組合機(jī)床主要用戶的汽車(chē)和內(nèi)燃機(jī)等行業(yè)也有了很大的改變,產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)壽命不斷縮短,品種日益增多,而且質(zhì)量不斷提高。這些因素都有力地推動(dòng)和激勵(lì)了組合機(jī)床和自動(dòng)線技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,目前組合機(jī)床的研制正在向高效、高精度、高自動(dòng)化的柔性化方向發(fā)展。組合機(jī)床是用按系列化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化設(shè)計(jì)的通用部件和按被加工零件的形狀及加工工藝要求設(shè)計(jì)的專(zhuān)用部件組成的專(zhuān)業(yè)機(jī)床,它能夠?qū)σ环N或多種零件進(jìn)行多刀、多軸、多工位加工。在組合機(jī)床上可以完成鉆孔、擴(kuò)孔、鉸孔、鏜孔、攻絲、車(chē)削、磨削及滾壓等多道工序,生產(chǎn)效率高,加工精度高。組合機(jī)床與萬(wàn)能機(jī)床和專(zhuān)用機(jī)床相比,有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):1.由于組合機(jī)床是由 7090%的通用零部件組成,在需要的時(shí)候,它可以部分或全部的進(jìn)行改裝,以組合成適應(yīng)新的加工要求的全新設(shè)備。也就是說(shuō),組合機(jī)床有重新改裝的優(yōu)越性,其通用零部件可以多次反復(fù)利用。2.組合機(jī)床是按照具體加工對(duì)象專(zhuān)門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)床,它可以按最合理的工藝過(guò)程進(jìn)行最佳加工過(guò)程,這在萬(wàn)能機(jī)床上往往是不容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的。3.在組合機(jī)床上,可以同時(shí)采用多把刀具從多個(gè)方向?qū)Χ鄠€(gè)工件進(jìn)行加工,是能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)集中工序的最佳途徑,是提高生產(chǎn)效率的有效設(shè)備。4.組合機(jī)床通常是用多軸對(duì)箱體零件一個(gè)面上的許多孔同時(shí)進(jìn)行加工。這樣就能比較好的保證各個(gè)孔相互之間的精度要求,提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量;減少了工件工序間的搬運(yùn)過(guò)程,改善勞動(dòng)條件,也減少了機(jī)床的占地面積。 15.由于組合機(jī)床大多數(shù)零部件是同類(lèi)別的通用部件,這就簡(jiǎn)化了機(jī)床的維護(hù)和修理過(guò)程。必要時(shí)還可以更換整個(gè)部件,以提高機(jī)床的維修速度。6.組合機(jī)床的通用部件可以組織專(zhuān)門(mén)的工廠集中生產(chǎn),這樣就可以采用專(zhuān)用高效設(shè)備進(jìn)行加工,有利于提高通用部件的性能,降低其制造成本。組合機(jī)床雖然有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但也還是有以下缺點(diǎn):1組合機(jī)床的可變性比萬(wàn)能機(jī)床低,重新改裝時(shí)有 1020%的零件不能重復(fù)使用,而且在改裝時(shí),勞動(dòng)量比較大。2組合機(jī)床的通用部件不是為了某一種機(jī)床刻意設(shè)計(jì)的,而是具有較廣的適應(yīng)性。這樣就使組合機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)比專(zhuān)用機(jī)床稍微復(fù)雜些。編號(hào)無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)相關(guān)資料題目: 臥式雙面組合鏜床及工裝設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué) 號(hào): 0923213學(xué)生姓名: 陳 超 指導(dǎo)教師: 許 文(職稱(chēng):副教授) (職稱(chēng): )2013年5月25日目 錄一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯及原文三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文(論文)計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告題目: 臥式雙面組合鏜床及工裝設(shè)計(jì) 專(zhuān)題: 臥式雙面組合鏜床設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué) 號(hào): 0923213 學(xué)生姓名: 陳 超 指導(dǎo)教師: 許文 (職稱(chēng):副教授) (職稱(chēng): )2012年11月14日 課題來(lái)源本課題來(lái)源于生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐,設(shè)計(jì)的對(duì)象是加工變速箱殼體的孔的組合機(jī)床用鏜床??茖W(xué)依據(jù)(包括課題的科學(xué)意義;國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì);應(yīng)用前景等) 組合機(jī)床是用按系列化設(shè)計(jì)的通用部件和按被加工零件的形狀及加工藝要求設(shè)計(jì)的專(zhuān)用部件組成的專(zhuān)用機(jī)床,它有精度高,效率高,結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,占地小,便于維護(hù)和修理等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。隨著生產(chǎn)的不斷發(fā)展,組合機(jī)床極其自動(dòng)線被廣泛的推廣和使用,它對(duì)于機(jī)械制造工業(yè),特別是汽車(chē),拖拉機(jī),電動(dòng)機(jī),柴油機(jī),儀器儀表及軍工部門(mén)等生產(chǎn)發(fā)展有著十分重要的意義。 最早的組合機(jī)床是1911年在美國(guó)制成的,用于加工汽車(chē)零件。初期,各機(jī)床制造廠都有各自的通用部件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。為了提高不同制造廠的通用部件的互換性,便于用戶使用和維修,1953年美國(guó)福特汽車(chē)公司和通用汽車(chē)公司與美國(guó)機(jī)床制造廠協(xié)商,確定了組合機(jī)床通用部件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的原則,即嚴(yán)格規(guī)定各部件間的聯(lián)系尺寸,但對(duì)部件結(jié)構(gòu)未作規(guī)定。 在我國(guó),組合機(jī)床發(fā)展已有28年的歷史,其科研和生產(chǎn)都具有相當(dāng)?shù)幕A(chǔ),應(yīng)用也已深入到很多行業(yè)。是當(dāng)前機(jī)械制造業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品更新,進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造,提高生產(chǎn)效率和高速發(fā)展必不可少的設(shè)備之一。 從2002年年底第21屆日本國(guó)際機(jī)床博覽會(huì)上獲悉,在來(lái)自世界10多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的500多家機(jī)床制造商和團(tuán)體展示的最先進(jìn)機(jī)床設(shè)備中,超高速和超高精度加工技術(shù)裝備與復(fù)合、多功能、多軸化控制設(shè)備等深受歡迎。 組合機(jī)床未來(lái)的發(fā)展將更多的采用調(diào)速電動(dòng)機(jī)和滾珠絲杠等傳動(dòng),以簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu)、縮短生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍;采用數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)和主軸箱、夾具自動(dòng)更換系統(tǒng),以提高工藝可調(diào)性;以及納入柔性制造系統(tǒng)等。研究?jī)?nèi)容 在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成下列任務(wù)要求: 1.設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)要求:分析被加工零件的形狀和主要輪廓尺寸以及本工序機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)部位結(jié)構(gòu)形狀和尺寸;本工序所選的定位基準(zhǔn)、壓緊部位及加緊方向;本工序加工表面的尺寸、精度、表面粗糙度、形位公差等技術(shù)要求以及對(duì)上道工序的技術(shù)要求并擬定機(jī)械加工工藝路線、進(jìn)行工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)、設(shè)計(jì)一套適用該變速箱加工的臥式雙面組合鏜床。 2設(shè)計(jì)工作量要求:1)抄畫(huà)零件圖;2)編制機(jī)加工工藝文件;3)繪制臥式雙面組合鏜床裝配圖及全套非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件圖;4)編寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)(30頁(yè));5)翻譯8000以上外文印刷字符或譯出4000漢字以上的有關(guān)技術(shù)資料或?qū)I(yè)文獻(xiàn)。擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析 研究方法:在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行,并實(shí)地考察,觀察工廠組合機(jī)床的工作流程以及結(jié)構(gòu),回頭進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)。 技術(shù)路線:詢問(wèn)導(dǎo)師以及工廠車(chē)間等地的操作師傅,觀察組合機(jī)床的操作流程,并逐漸了解組合機(jī)床的總體結(jié)構(gòu)。實(shí)驗(yàn)方案:就地考察,搜尋資料,導(dǎo)師提供,整理資料,完成實(shí)驗(yàn)??尚行苑治觯喊凑沾肆鞒谭治?,此次實(shí)驗(yàn)可以逐步完成。研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果研究計(jì)劃:2012年10月12日-2012年12月31日:按照任務(wù)書(shū)要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料,完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告書(shū)。2013年1月1日-2013年1月27日:學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。2013年1月28日-2013年3月3日:畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)。2013年3月4日-2013年3月17日:多軸箱的主要參數(shù)計(jì)算與確定。2013年3月18日-2013年4月14日:組合鏜床總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。2013年4月15日-2013年4月28日:總裝圖和零件圖設(shè)計(jì)。2013年4月29日-2013年5月21日:畢業(yè)論文撰寫(xiě)和修改工作。 預(yù)計(jì)成果: 對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)的訓(xùn)練情況: 1.對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)組合機(jī)床有更深刻的了解; 2.對(duì)組合機(jī)床操作過(guò)程有所掌握; 3.廣泛了解組合機(jī)床的研發(fā)、制造和使用過(guò)程; 4.能根據(jù)市場(chǎng)需求,參與開(kāi)發(fā)相應(yīng)產(chǎn)品; 5.能夠掌握典型零件的加工工藝; 6.能夠熟練使用各種工具書(shū)。最后在老師的指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)特色或創(chuàng)新之處 機(jī)器操作噪音小。故障率低,使用壽命長(zhǎng),機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)潔。已具備的條件和尚需解決的問(wèn)題1、設(shè)計(jì)方案思路已經(jīng)明確,已經(jīng)具備使用CAD制圖的能力和了解組合機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)等知識(shí)。2、使用CAD制圖能力尚需加強(qiáng),結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)能力尚需加強(qiáng)。指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn) 指導(dǎo)教師簽名:年 月 日教研室(學(xué)科組、研究所)意見(jiàn) 教研室主任簽名: 年 月 日系意見(jiàn) 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名: 年 月 日英文原文 Multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool time Timothy and Jacobs, Denis A receives then then, outstanding Philip U.S.A. Michigan university Summary:The aggregate machine-tool machining center may cause the demand which the processing manufacturing industry adapts changes unceasingly, uses the pool of labor power effectively, and has the competitive power in global scales market.Key word: Make the lathe upRegarding the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, in the industrial field has many names to describe it, like “the multitasking installment”, “the multi-purpose engine beds”, “the multi-procedure production system” and so on, it may be called the processing domain truly the nova, may reduce the cost, the simplified disposition, and has maintained in the US territory produces. In the past only then used the duty which many machine operations could complete, now may concentrate to an engine bed on processes completes. As a result of market demands unceasing change, the product life cycle is reducing unceasingly, todays market more intense demand multitasking installment concept. Carries out the fine profit management when the entire production environment, compared to having not concentrated the components processing to a machine on completes a finer profit. Some traditions manufacturing industry manufacturer thought that the multipurpose aggregate machine-tools are too complex, very difficult to find the appropriate operators also the difficult problem innovates on the spot on the insufficiency for the metal working basic principle and in the Production workshop related new engine bed use solution aspect training. Intuition type technical controlThe equipment use “carries off the quantity of heat” the type design, has different material which the lathe bed, the steeliness straight line rolling guide, on the steeliness revolving tool box saddle, the equipment uses, all these combine make an engine bed together. These with the thermal conductivity, the volume expansion are related. All different sizes thing can by the different speed growth. As a result of this reason, needs to make the hot friendly engine bed, with the aim of knowing gives off heat the weak point in where, can compensate through the reasonable engine bed design. The part is the entire journey movement. The engine bed glide produces rubs and transform hotly. The machining produces the hot filings fall to the different place, the refrigerant can mix in the entire process in which. Will present the different temperature province continually on the cutting tool, will therefore also have many things to have the influence to the thermostability. The cutting tool technology turned the multipurpose aggregate machine-tools has had the milling and cutting power “the versatile machine”. According to the material introduced that the most remarkable characteristic is in these engine bed whole has the intuition. The anti-collision preservation technology was already mature, in certain circumstances, even if uses the manual operation pattern, can also avoid the occurrence which collides. Because the control software has the very good intuition, the user operation friendly degree unceasingly is also enhancing. Believe the multipurpose aggregate machine-tools by its survivability world-wide in the more different processing scenes. The off-line programming optimization and the NC automatic control systems formation already made this technology to be easier to accept, when therefore uses the procedure when the engine bed, does not need to spend many time tune-up procedure and confirmed that some part does not have the question. If components need to provide the high and low two revolving tool box saddle simultaneously to carry on the rough machining, in this kind of situation the programming is quite difficult, because it needs two revolving tool box saddles also to feed. The Ad-Mac system may realize tool rests automatic programming which simultaneously feeds to these, and can cause the correct main axle speed, the correct feed rate and so on all parameters to realize the synchronization. Okuma Corporations collision avoidance system design based on actual processing operating mode anti-collision simulation, therefore, if the operator has installed the wrong cutting tool or has established the wrong parameter, the control system will examine and prevents the engine bed to enter the processing condition. Through cooperates with the Siemens, INDEX Corporation may provide the 3D pattern now “the hypothesized engine bed”, has custom-made according to some specific models engine bed. The result indicated that the simulation processes not only the fabricated parts and the actual end product is similar, is the one-to-one copy simply. The intuition type control interface, the simulation as well as other software technique are progressive, the more Production workshops have opened wide the front door to the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, but if does not have the corresponding knowledge to train and to solve the question creativity, the manufacturer is also very difficult to realize and the full use advanced engine bed flexibility aspect superiority. The work which does to the machine are more, the machine will be more complex, also needs to have the stronger skill person correspondingly to be able to operate it. If machinist past one day operated 3 engine beds, then he has this kind of multipurpose engine bed now, might produce more components. More importantly, he may draw support from softwares help to cause the production efficiency to be higher, regarding transformation processing components preparation, may also establish the processing craft plan. Because the replacement components need to lower 3 main axles, therefore before replacing the components, the workshop should process as far as possible many components. Regarding the multi-purpose engine beds, the transformation components speed is quick, the production batch of time interval is shorter, the stock is lower, the production efficiency is higher. Can use multi-purpose engine beds some workshops fully, very quick will discover the post function the unification. Now, a workshop may only use an operator, an adjuster and a programming teacher, in the future these 3 work definitely may do by a person. In the traditional post description the machinist will transit becomes one to adjust engineer, if this engineer the familiar components processing programming, that were also more ideal. Regarding such transformation, training has been simple, so long as trains 1 individual line, but is not 3 individuals. Looking from the long views, this will provide to the people the higher post degree of satisfaction. When adjusts engineer to be responsible to process the programming, and pays attention to the components processing personally time the entire process, he completely has become this components control. In addition, but should also makes more effort in the cutting tool choice and the programming aspect, must make any model the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tool to succeed, the workshop needs to provide the skilled machinist, has ability and completes many kinds of operations nimbly. Therefore, crosswise training was at any time in the past more important. Regarded as the milling and the lathe work the different discipline the viewpoint never to return. Regarding the programmers, this belongs to their time. Regarding personnel who will program, will understand the engine bed and controls it, this will be their ability manifestation. The cutting tool will choose Most people not to install the passenger vehicle tire to the race car on, but processed the cutting tool to have such situation. The cutting tool should match with the new engine bed, is conceivably redundant on the new engine bed uses the old cutting tool to the production efficiency influence. In order to match the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, the new cutting tool and the cutting tool adapter technology was already developed. At present the industrial field is developing the development the processing cutting tool, may complete the turning on the identical tool rest, boring and drills truncates the processing, is only processes the phase to differ from regarding the work piece angle. The processing operates the difference even confuses is unclear. The new processing cutting tool may complete the milling and the turning. Since has moved the technology (engine bed) is this century develops is extremely rapid and one of influence enormous science and technology. The modern automation technology is one kind of completely new productive forces, is one of direct creation public wealth principal means that is playing the enormous promotion effect to humanitys production activity and the material civilization. Therefore, the automated technology receives various countries widely to take seriously with more and more applications. The machinery automation (engine bed), mainly refers to the machine-building industry applies the automated technology, realizes the processing object continuously the automatic production, realizes the optimized effective automatic production process, the increase production investment processing transformation and the flow rate. The machinery automation technologys application and the development, are the machine-building industry technological transformations, the technology advancement principal means and the technological development main direction. Machinery automation technical standards, not only affects the entire machine-building industry the development, and has the very tremendous immediate influence to the national economy various departments technology advancement. Therefore, develops our countrys machine-building industry automation technology, conforms to our country socialism basic principle, conforms to our country modern production law of development. How to develop our countrys machinery automation technology (engine bed), here has the technical policy question, should be realistic, all embark from our countrys concrete national condition, do each foundation work, takes the Chinas road of machinery automation technological development. The domestic and foreign industry history tells us, realizes the machinery automation is from to high-level, from simply to complex, from is preliminarily imperfect the consummation the developing process. After machines operation uses the automatic regulator, the production method only then gradually transits from the mechanization to the mechanism control (tradition) automated, the numerical control automation, the computer control automation. Only then after having established the Automated factory, the production process can overall automate, can make the productivity to enhance comprehensively, achieves automated the high-level ideal stage. The machinery automation technology first starts from the 1920s in the machine manufacture cold finishing production in enormous quantities process to develop the application, after in the 60s, to adapt the market demand and the change, for the enhancement machine-building industry to the market nimble rapid reactions ability, starts to establish the variable automation production system, namely revolves the computer technology the flexible automation. It is in the manufacture system invariable or in the change small situation, the machinery equipment either production management process through the automatic detection, the information processing, the analysis judgment realizes the anticipated operation or some kind of process automatically, and can from make one kind of components to transform automatically to makes another kind of different components. The social practice proved that under this kind of definitions manufacture system automation and the contemporary majority enterprises are not actually accommodating. The contemporary society also not in the science and technology, the material and the personnel aspect prepares to realize this automated condition, insists such to do only meets the wasted effort. This kind of situation is not exceptional regarding the separate production methods machine-building industry, the difficulty can bigger. In the 80s internationally appeared started to use computer integration manufacture system CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing), the flexible automation production pattern also had this kind of situation. The initial period take the information integration as a key point, take the high automaticity as the characteristic, but in realized in the process to encounter the difficulty. In view of the fact that realizes the large amount investment which the computer integration manufacture systems automation overall needs (an overall Automated factory to spend several hundred hundred million US dollars, flexible manufacture system regular price is 600 25,000,000 US dollars), undertakes the huge risk, in addition questions and so on technical difficulty and reliability, the world industrially advanced country started “to run into a wall produces a different product”, transfers pays great attention the information integration the effect, pursues low cost automation LCA (Low Cost Automation) enterprise organizational structure and movement way. The aggregate machine-tool future development more use transmissions and so on variable speed motor and ball bearing guide screw, will simplify structure, the reduction production meter; Uses the numerical control system and the headstock, the jig automatic replacement system, enhances the craft controllability; As well as integrates the flexible manufacture system and so on.中文譯文 多功能組合機(jī)床時(shí)代 蒂莫西雅各布斯,丹尼斯阿斯納斯, 卓然飛利浦 美國(guó)密西根大學(xué) 陳超譯摘要:組合機(jī)床加工中心可使加工制造業(yè)適應(yīng)不斷變化的需求,有效利用勞動(dòng)力資源,并在全球范圍的市場(chǎng)上更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。關(guān)鍵字:組合機(jī)床 對(duì)于多功能組合機(jī)床,工業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)有很多稱(chēng)呼來(lái)形容它,如 “多任務(wù)處理裝置”、“多功能機(jī)床”、“多程序生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)”等,它確實(shí)可稱(chēng)為加工領(lǐng)域的新星,可降低成本,簡(jiǎn)化配置,并一直保持在美國(guó)本土生產(chǎn)。過(guò)去只有使用多機(jī)操作才能完成的任務(wù),現(xiàn)在可以集中到一臺(tái)機(jī)床上加工完成。由于市場(chǎng)需求的不斷變化,產(chǎn)品的生命周期在不斷縮短,今天的市場(chǎng)更加強(qiáng)烈需求多任務(wù)處理裝置概念。在整個(gè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中推行精益管理時(shí),沒(méi)有比把零件加工集中到一臺(tái)機(jī)器上完成更精一些傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)廠商認(rèn)為多功能組合機(jī)床過(guò)于復(fù)雜,很難找到合適的操作人員也就不足為奇了。在一些勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng),要找到能夠?qū)Χ噍S組合機(jī)床加工中心進(jìn)行手工編程的人是不太可能的事。但資料顯示,解決方案可有兩個(gè),一個(gè)是現(xiàn)代多功能組合機(jī)床的直覺(jué)式技術(shù),另一個(gè)是針對(duì)金屬加工基本原理及在生產(chǎn)車(chē)間現(xiàn)場(chǎng)有關(guān)新機(jī)床使用中難題創(chuàng)新解決方面的培訓(xùn)。直覺(jué)式技術(shù)控制設(shè)備采用“帶走熱量”式設(shè)計(jì),有床身、鋼制直線滾動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌、鋼制轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架、設(shè)備上使用的不同材料,所有這些組合到一起建造成一臺(tái)機(jī)床。這些都與導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、體積膨脹相關(guān)。所有不同尺寸的東西都會(huì)以不同的速度生長(zhǎng)。由于這個(gè)原因,需要制造熱友好機(jī)床,以便知道發(fā)熱的薄弱點(diǎn)在哪里,可以通過(guò)合理的機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)補(bǔ)償。元件是全程運(yùn)動(dòng)。機(jī)床滑動(dòng)產(chǎn)生摩擦并轉(zhuǎn)化為熱。切削加工產(chǎn)生的熱屑掉到不同地方,在整個(gè)過(guò)程中冷卻液會(huì)混合在其中。在切削刀具上會(huì)持續(xù)出現(xiàn)很多不同的溫度區(qū)域,所以也會(huì)有很多東西對(duì)熱穩(wěn)定性產(chǎn)生影響。切削刀具技術(shù)把多功能組合機(jī)床變成了具備銑削和切削能力的“全能機(jī)器”。據(jù)資料介紹,最顯著的特點(diǎn)是這些機(jī)床整體上更具直覺(jué)性。防撞保護(hù)技術(shù)已經(jīng)非常成熟,在某些情況下,即使采用手動(dòng)操作模式,也能避免碰撞的發(fā)生。由于控制軟件有很好的直覺(jué)性,用戶操作友好程度也在不斷提高。相信多功能組合機(jī)床會(huì)以其生存能力遍布于更多不同的加工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。離線編程優(yōu)化和NC自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的形成已經(jīng)使這一技術(shù)更容易接受,因此當(dāng)將程序用在機(jī)床上時(shí),不必花很多時(shí)間去調(diào)整程序和確認(rèn)某一元件沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。如果一個(gè)零件需要配備上下兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架同時(shí)進(jìn)行粗加工,這種情況下編程是比較困難的,因?yàn)樗枰獌蓚€(gè)轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架同時(shí)進(jìn)刀。Ad-Mac系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)這些同時(shí)進(jìn)刀的刀架的自動(dòng)編程,并能使正確的主軸速度、正確的進(jìn)給速度等所有參數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)同步。Okuma公司的防撞系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)基于實(shí)際加工工況的防撞模擬,因此,如果操作者安裝了錯(cuò)誤的刀具或設(shè)定了錯(cuò)誤的參數(shù),控制系統(tǒng)會(huì)檢測(cè)出來(lái)并阻止機(jī)床進(jìn)入加工狀態(tài),通過(guò)與西門(mén)子公司合作, INDEX公司現(xiàn)在可以提供3D模式的“虛擬機(jī)床”,按照某一特定型號(hào)的機(jī)床定制。結(jié)果表明,模擬加工出來(lái)的成品零件不只是與實(shí)際成品相似,簡(jiǎn)直就是一對(duì)一的拷貝。直覺(jué)式控制界面、模擬以及其他軟件技術(shù)進(jìn)步,更多的生產(chǎn)車(chē)間向多功能組合機(jī)床敞開(kāi)了大門(mén),但如果沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的知識(shí)培訓(xùn)和解決問(wèn)題的創(chuàng)造力,制造商也很難體會(huì)到和充分利用先進(jìn)機(jī)床柔順性方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)。對(duì)機(jī)器所做的工作越多,機(jī)器就會(huì)越復(fù)雜,也相應(yīng)地需要具備更強(qiáng)技能的人才能操縱它。假如一個(gè)機(jī)械師過(guò)去一天操作3臺(tái)機(jī)床,那么現(xiàn)在他有這樣一臺(tái)多功能的機(jī)床,就可以生產(chǎn)出更多的零件。更為重要的是,他可以借助軟件的幫助使生產(chǎn)效率更高,對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)換加工零件的準(zhǔn)備,也可以編制加工工藝計(jì)劃。因?yàn)楦鼡Q零件需要降下3個(gè)主軸,因此在更換零件之前,車(chē)間應(yīng)加工盡可能多的零件。對(duì)于多功能機(jī)床,轉(zhuǎn)換零件速度非??欤a(chǎn)批次間隔時(shí)間更短,庫(kù)存更低,生產(chǎn)效率更高。能夠充分利用多功能機(jī)床的一些車(chē)間,很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)崗位功能的統(tǒng)一?,F(xiàn)在,一個(gè)車(chē)間可以只用一個(gè)操作人員、一個(gè)調(diào)整工和一個(gè)編程師,將來(lái)這3項(xiàng)工作完全可以由一個(gè)人來(lái)做。傳統(tǒng)崗位描述中機(jī)械師將過(guò)渡成為一個(gè)調(diào)整工程師,如果該工程師還熟悉零件加工編程,那就更理想了。對(duì)于這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換,培訓(xùn)就比較簡(jiǎn)單了,只要培訓(xùn)1個(gè)人就行,而不是3個(gè)人。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)觀點(diǎn)看,這將提供給人們更高的崗位滿意度。當(dāng)調(diào)整工程師負(fù)責(zé)加工編程并且親自關(guān)注零件加工的整個(gè)過(guò)程時(shí),他就完全成了這個(gè)零件的主宰者。除此之外,還應(yīng)該在刀具選擇和編程方面做更多的努力,要使任何型號(hào)的多功能組合機(jī)床都成功,車(chē)間需要配備熟練的機(jī)械師,有能力并靈活地完成多種操作。因此,橫向培訓(xùn)比過(guò)去任何時(shí)候都重要了。把銑削和車(chē)削加工視為不同學(xué)科的觀點(diǎn)一去不復(fù)返了。對(duì)于編程人員來(lái)說(shuō),這是屬于他們的時(shí)代。對(duì)于會(huì)編程的人員,懂機(jī)床并控制它,這是他們能力的體現(xiàn)。刀具選擇大多數(shù)人不會(huì)將轎車(chē)輪胎裝到跑車(chē)上,但加工刀具就發(fā)生了這樣的情況。刀具應(yīng)與新機(jī)床相匹配,可以想像在新機(jī)床上重復(fù)使用舊刀具對(duì)生產(chǎn)效率的影響。為匹配多功能組合機(jī)床,新刀具和刀具適配器技術(shù)已經(jīng)被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)。目前工業(yè)領(lǐng)域正在研制開(kāi)發(fā)的加工刀具,可以在同一刀架上完成車(chē)削、鏜削和鉆削加工,只是加工時(shí)相對(duì)于工件的角度有所不同而已。加工操作上的差別甚至都混淆不清了。新的加工刀具可以完成銑削和車(chē)削。動(dòng)化技術(shù)(機(jī)床)是本世紀(jì)以來(lái)發(fā)展極迅速和影響極大的科學(xué)技術(shù)之一。現(xiàn)代自動(dòng)化技術(shù)是一種完全新型的生產(chǎn)力,是直接創(chuàng)造社會(huì)財(cái)富的主要手段之一,對(duì)人類(lèi)的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)和物質(zhì)文明起著極大的推動(dòng)作用。因此,自動(dòng)化技術(shù)受到世界各國(guó)的廣泛重視和越來(lái)越多的應(yīng)用。 機(jī)械自動(dòng)化(機(jī)床),主要指在機(jī)械制造業(yè)中應(yīng)用自動(dòng)化技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)加工對(duì)象的連續(xù)自動(dòng)生產(chǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)化有效的自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程,加快生產(chǎn)投入物的加工變換和流動(dòng)速度。機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展,是機(jī)械制造業(yè)技術(shù)改造、技術(shù)進(jìn)步的主要手段和技術(shù)發(fā)展的主要方向。機(jī)械自動(dòng)化的技術(shù)水準(zhǔn),不僅影響整個(gè)機(jī)械制造業(yè)的發(fā)展,而且對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門(mén)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步有很大的直接影響。因此,發(fā)展我國(guó)的機(jī)械制造業(yè)自動(dòng)化技術(shù),符合我國(guó)社會(huì)主義的基本原則,符合我國(guó)現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展規(guī)律。如何發(fā)展我國(guó)的機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)(機(jī)床),這里有個(gè)技術(shù)政策問(wèn)題,應(yīng)實(shí)事求是,一切從我國(guó)的具體國(guó)情出發(fā),做好各項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)工作,走中國(guó)的機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)發(fā)展之路。國(guó)內(nèi)外的工業(yè)發(fā)展史告訴我們,實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械自動(dòng)化是一個(gè)由低級(jí)到高級(jí)、由簡(jiǎn)單到復(fù)雜、由不完善到完善的發(fā)展過(guò)程。當(dāng)機(jī)器的操作采用自動(dòng)控制器后,生產(chǎn)方式才從機(jī)械化逐步過(guò)渡到機(jī)械控制(傳統(tǒng))自動(dòng)化、數(shù)字控制自動(dòng)化、計(jì)算機(jī)控制自動(dòng)化。只有建立了自動(dòng)化工廠后,生產(chǎn)過(guò)程才能全盤(pán)自動(dòng)化,才能使生產(chǎn)率全面提高,達(dá)到自動(dòng)化的高級(jí)理想階段。 機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)從本世紀(jì)20年代首先在機(jī)械制造冷加工大批量生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中開(kāi)始發(fā)展應(yīng)用,60年代后為適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的需求和變化,為增強(qiáng)機(jī)械制造業(yè)對(duì)市場(chǎng)靈活快速反應(yīng)的能力,開(kāi)始建立可變性自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),即圍繞計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的柔性自動(dòng)化。它是在制造系統(tǒng)不變或變化較小的情況下,機(jī)器設(shè)備或生產(chǎn)管理過(guò)程通過(guò)自動(dòng)檢測(cè)、信息處理、分析判斷自動(dòng)地實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期的操作或某種過(guò)程,并能夠自動(dòng)地從制造一種零件轉(zhuǎn)
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