福建省中考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 第三章 代詞課件

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1、代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用可分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞和疑問代詞等。第第 三三 章章 代代 詞詞考考 點點 1 人人 稱稱 代代 詞詞人稱代詞是用來指代人、動物或事物的代詞。它必須在人稱 (第一人稱、第二人稱及第三人稱)、數(shù) (單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)) 以及性別 (男性、女性、中性) 三方面與被指代的名詞一致。1. 人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格及其用法第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格I we youyoushe, he, itthey賓格meusyouyouher, him, itthem

2、用法： 主格作主語,放句首或動詞前賓格；賓格作賓語,放在動詞或介詞之后；作表語,放在be動詞之后注意：一般情況下,多個人稱代詞同時出現(xiàn)的順序是：(1) 單數(shù)是you,he和I,復(fù)數(shù)是we,you和they。 (2) 承認(rèn)錯誤時,第一人稱代詞要放在其他人稱前。如：It was I and Tom that made her angry.是我和湯姆惹她生氣。2. it 的特殊用法用法舉例(1) 替代剛提到過的同一事物This is my new bike. I bought it last weekend.(2) 指動物、嬰兒或不明身份、性別的人Listen! Someone is knockin

3、g at the door. Who is it？(3) 指代前句或后句所述的情況He smokes in bed and I dont like it.(4) 用來表示天氣、時間或距離Its about 2 hours ride from here to his hometown.用法舉例(5) 固定句型作形式主語It is + adj.+ for/of sb. to doIt takes sb. some time to do sth.Its ones turn to do sth.It is/has been + 一段時 + since + 從句 (過去時).It seems that

4、It is said/believed/reported that 作形式賓語find/think/feel it + adj. + to do sth. make it + adj.+to do sth. 真題熱身真題熱身( ) 1. When we got to the park yesterday, _ started raining. (2015菏澤市) A. that B. it C. this( ) 2. Everyone makes mistakes in his life. The important thing is not to repeat _ .(2015南京市) A.

5、 it B. them C. him D. her中 考 真 題BB考考 點點 2 2 物物 主主 代代 詞詞1. 物物 主主 代代 詞詞 的分類的分類單數(shù)單數(shù)一二三形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisherits名詞性物主代詞mineyourshimhersits漢語意思我的你的他的她的它的復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三形容詞性物主代詞ouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞oursyourstheirs漢語意思我們的你們的他（她、它）們的2. 物物 主主 代代 詞詞 的的 用用 法法物主代詞物主代詞用法用法舉例舉例形容詞性具有形容詞的特征,用作定語,一般不單獨使用,后面要接名詞This is my magaz

6、ine.Her brother is a doctor.名詞性具有名詞的特征,后面不接名詞,常用來避免與前面已提及的名詞重復(fù),相當(dāng)于 “形容詞物主代詞+名詞”The magazine is mine, not hers. 真真 題題 熱熱 身身( ) I cant find my eraser. May I use _ ? Of course.（2016福州市) A. you B. your C. yours中 考真 題C考考 點點 3 3 反反 身身 代代 詞詞 1. 反身代詞的形式反身代詞的形式人稱人稱第一人稱第一人稱第二人稱第二人稱第三人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myself我自己yourself你

7、自己himself/herself/itself 他/她/它自己復(fù)數(shù)Ourselves我們自己yourselves 你們自己themselves他/她/它們自己2. 反身代詞的用法反身代詞的用法用法用法 舉例舉例(1) 作動詞賓語,表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者,即主語和賓語是同一個人或同一些人,常與buy, enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash, look after等連用We enjoy ourselves very much last night.(2) 用于名詞或代詞之后或句末,作同位語,必須與被代指的人在人稱或數(shù)上保持一致,意為 “親自” 或 “本人”I d

8、id it myself. = I myself did it.(3) 作介詞賓語They can take care of themselves.注意：反身代詞本身不能單獨作語,如：Myself made the cake.(誤)I myself made the cake./I made the cake myself.(正) 真題熱身真題熱身( ) 1. Look at this model plane. Michael made it all by _. Wow! He is so smart.（2016莆田市) A. myself B. himself C. herself( ) 2

9、.Dont worry. Were old enough to look after _（2016南平市） A. we B. us C. ourselves中考真題BC考考 點點 4 4 指指 示示 代代 詞詞1. 指示代詞的用法指示代詞的用法單數(shù)單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)用法用法例句例句thisthese(1) 指近處的人或物This is my backpack(2) 指下文要提到的事Please remember this：Nothing is difficult if you put your heart in it.thatthose(1) 指遠(yuǎn)處的人或物Those are my classma

10、tes.(2) 指前面剛剛提過的事My father is ill at home. Thats why I have to go right now.(3) 為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞,常用that或those代替The students in Class 6 are more outgoing than those in Class 7.注：打電話時用this介紹自己,用that詢問對方This is Mary speaking. Whos that？用法用法舉例舉例it指上文提到的同一事物This book is mine. Its very interesting.one泛指上下文提及的同

11、類事物中的一個,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones Your skirt looks beautiful. Where did you buy it？Id like to buy one.that常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中,代替前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),以避免重復(fù),如指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)則用thoseThe weather in Beijing is much worse than that in Shanghai.2. 區(qū)分it, one, that 真真 題題 熱熱 身身( ) 1. Oh, you want a pen? OK, Ill get _ for you. (2015泉州市) A. it B.

12、one C. them( ) 2.The skirt looks nice on you. Where did you buy _? (2015龍巖市) A. it B. one C. that中考真題BA考考 點點 5 不不 定定 代代 詞詞沒有指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見的不定代詞有all, each, every, both, either, neither, some, any, no, one, another, other(s), many, much, (a) few, (a) little, one和none以及由some, any, no, every組成的復(fù)

13、合不定代詞?？伎?點點 5 不不 定定 代代 詞詞沒有指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見的不定代詞有all, each, every, both, either, neither, some, any, no, one, another, other(s), many, much, (a) few, (a) little, one和none以及由some, any, no, every組成的復(fù)合不定代詞。1. 普通不定代詞用法普通不定代詞用法用法修飾可數(shù)名詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞指兩者指兩者或三者以下普通不定代詞manyfew (否定)a few (肯定)muchlittle (否定)a l

14、ittle (肯定)the other(后加名詞復(fù)數(shù))the othersanother (后加名詞單數(shù))other (后加名詞復(fù)數(shù))others (后不加名詞)some, any（一）（一）不定代詞不定代詞基本用法基本用法all, each, both, either, neither, one, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any作主語、賓語、表語、定語(名詞性、形容詞性) everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybo

15、dy, anything, no one, nobody, nothing作主語、賓語、表語 (形容詞性),后面可以接else,而且可用所有格(s ) 形式none作主語、賓語、表語every, no作定語（二）（二）不定代詞不定代詞含義含義數(shù)量關(guān)系數(shù)量關(guān)系作定語時名詞作定語時名詞的數(shù)的數(shù)作主語時動作主語時動詞的數(shù)詞的數(shù)both兩者都=2復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)either兩者中的任何一個=2單數(shù)單數(shù)neither兩者都不=2單數(shù)單數(shù)all三者或三者以上都3單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)none三者或三者以上都不3(后不接名詞)單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)each每一個2單數(shù)單數(shù)every每一個3單數(shù)單數(shù)（三）（三）復(fù)合復(fù)合不定不定代詞

16、代詞人somebody/someoneanybody/anyoneeverybody/everyonenobody/no one物somethinganythingeverythingnothing地somewhereanywhereeverywherenowhere用法一般用于肯定句，或以Would/Could/Can you 或Can/May I 引導(dǎo)的疑問句中一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中2. 復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞注意：注意： (1) 形容詞或動詞不定式修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時要后置。如：I have something important to tell you.(2) 指人的復(fù)合不定

17、代詞若用作主語，其謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)，相應(yīng)的人稱代詞和物主代詞也用單數(shù) he，him，his (不一定指男性)，但在非正式文體中常用復(fù)數(shù)代詞 they，them，their。如：Everyone knows this, doesnt he/dont they？(4) someone，anyone，everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短語。若是指物或后接 of 短語，可用 any one，every one。如：any one of the boys(3) 指事物的復(fù)合不定代詞若用作主語，謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)，相應(yīng)的人稱代詞也只能用 it，而不用 they。如：Someth

18、ing is wrong with my bike.易混不定代詞辨析詳見詞匯一本通易混不定代詞辨析詳見詞匯一本通 真題熱身真題熱身( )1. What a great thing to have a robot at home! Robots are really useful. One day they will help people do almost _ .（2016廈門市) A. something B. everything C. nothing( ) 2. How is Lily in the new school? She is doing _very well. There

19、is to worry about.（2016泉州市) A. nothing B. something C. anything中考真題BB考考 點點 6 疑疑 問問 代代 詞詞疑問代詞疑問代詞用法用法舉例舉例指人who詢問姓名、關(guān)系等，作主語、表語 (口語中可作賓語，但不能放于介詞后)Who wants to go to Beijing？ whomwho的賓格，作賓語、表語等，但不能作定語，可放于介詞后With whom are you going to Beijing？whosewho的所有格形式，作主語、賓語、表語和定語Whose book is this？ 指物what詢問職業(yè)、地位等，

20、所指的事物無范圍限制，可作主語、賓語、表語和定語等What does your father do？ 指人或物which意為 “哪一個”，所指的對象范圍明確Which of the hats would you like？ 真題熱身真題熱身中考真題( )1. _ is your father? Does he still work as an engineer? Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years. (2015安徽省) A. Who B. How C. What D. Which( ) 2. I have found a wallet at the school gate. _ is it? Oh, its mine. (2015威海市) A. Where B. What C. WhoseBC