非謂語動(dòng)詞 (3)

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1、非謂語動(dòng)詞 考點(diǎn)1. 謂語和非謂語 在英語中，一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中只能有一個(gè)謂語，再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要變成非謂語形式。 英語中非謂語動(dòng)詞包括：動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式。無論它們?cè)诰渲凶魇裁闯煞?，他們都保持著自己本身的屬性特點(diǎn)。 動(dòng)名詞：具有名詞功能，常在句中作：主語，賓語；作定語時(shí)表功能； 現(xiàn)在分詞: 表主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行, 常在句中作： 定語， 狀語，賓補(bǔ)； 過去分詞：被動(dòng)和已完成，常在句中作：定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語； 動(dòng)詞不定式：表將來具體某一次，常在句中作； 主語；定語，狀語，補(bǔ)語，賓語等。 要學(xué)好非謂語，掌握它們的本身屬性很關(guān)鍵 非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能 主語 賓語

2、表語 賓補(bǔ) 定語 狀語 不 定 式 動(dòng) 名 詞 分 詞 第1講 作主語 考點(diǎn)1. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語與動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別 動(dòng)詞原形是不能作主語的。動(dòng)詞作主語時(shí)，如果側(cè)重于表示經(jīng)常性，在動(dòng)詞后面加ing構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞來做主語；如果側(cè)重于表示將來特定的某一次，則用動(dòng)詞不定式來做主語。 Playing basketball is my favorite sport. (“打籃球”指經(jīng)常性，因此用動(dòng)名詞。) To go to a key college is his dream. (“上名牌大

3、學(xué)”指特定的將來的某一次，用不定式) 有時(shí)為了對(duì)稱，主語，賓語（或表語）要么都用不定時(shí)，要么都用動(dòng)名詞。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 1. ___ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 2. _______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. A. Exposed

4、 B. having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 3. To answer correctly is more important than _____. A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly 4. __________ now seems impossible. A. Saving money B. To save money C. Being saved mon

5、ey D. To be saved money 考點(diǎn)2. what在問句中作主語時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞短語來回答 5. What do you think made Mary so upset?_______ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 作賓語 作主語用動(dòng)詞不定式還是動(dòng)名詞主要是看主語表示的動(dòng)作是將來還是經(jīng)常性； 作賓語用動(dòng)詞不定式還是動(dòng)名詞主要是看謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配。 有些動(dòng)詞只能跟不定式作賓語 這類及物動(dòng)詞常見的有： agree (同意) , ask (

6、請(qǐng)、要) , attempt (試圖) , afford 付得起 agree 同意 ask 要求apply 申請(qǐng)care (想要) , choose (決定、要) , decide (決定) , desire (希望) , determine (決心) , help 幫助expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (學(xué)習(xí)) , manage (設(shè)法) , offer (愿意) , plan (計(jì)劃、打算) , pretend (假裝) , refuse (拒絕、謝絕) , wish (希望) , promise (答應(yīng))

7、，want（想要）等等。 1. We asked ___ to work in the countryside. A. to be sent B. to send C. to be sending D. sending 2. 【2010江西】There were many talented actors out there just waiting . A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered 有些動(dòng)詞只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語 3. 下列動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上可接動(dòng)名

8、詞作賓語，但不能接不定式作賓語： admit 承認(rèn) advise 建議 allow 允許 appreciate 感激avoid 避免 consider 考慮delay 推遲 deny 否認(rèn)discuss 討論dislike 不喜歡 enjoy 喜愛 escape 逃脫excuse 原諒 fancy 設(shè)想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止forgive 原諒give up 放棄imagine 想象keep 保持mention 提及mind 介意 miss 沒趕上pardon 原諒permit 允許 practice 練習(xí)prevent 阻止prohibit 禁止 put off 推遲

9、risk 冒險(xiǎn)stop 停止suggest 建議feel like想做某事 4. Please excuse my _________ in without _________. A. come, asking B. coming, asking C. to come, being asked D. coming, being asked 5. Why have they delayed __________ the new school? A. opening B. to open C. having opened D. to have opened 考點(diǎn)1. 有些動(dòng)詞

10、既可跟不定式也可跟動(dòng)名詞，但意思上有差別 6. forget/remember doing/having done跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語， 記得還是忘了以前曾經(jīng)做的事 forget/remember to do還未做 regret doing sth. 對(duì)做過的某事表示后悔 regret to say, 很抱歉的說mean to do, 打算作某事；mean doing, 意味著 7. try to do , 盡力作某事；try doing, 嘗試著作某事 want / need/ require doing sth, 表示被動(dòng)等于want/need/require to be done

11、 8. like/ hate doing, 經(jīng)常性的like/ hate to do, 特定的某一次 9. be/get used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事used to do 過去經(jīng)常做某事 be used to do被用來做 10. can’t help doing=can’t help but do 忍不住做某事can’t help ( to) do 不能幫助做某事 11. stop doing 停止正在做著的某事 stop to do停下來做別的事情(to do是目的狀語) 12. go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事go on to do接著干別的事情 13. 【

12、2012安徽】I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked except, but后跟不定式時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的形式，不用to, 否則要帶t 14. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but ___ the flowing of th

13、e smog around me. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy 介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語 【2012福建】China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______in the South China Sea. A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having bee

14、n attacked 含有用作介詞to的?？级陶Z be addicted to 沉溺于；對(duì)…上癮devote oneself to doing sth./be devoted to 獻(xiàn)身于做某事/專心致力于做某事把…be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能勝任做某事 object to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事, have an objection to doing sth /be opposed to doing sth 反對(duì)做某事。 reduce sb. to doing sth 使某人淪為做某事pay attention to doing sth 注意做某

15、事be used to doing sth/be accustomed to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事get down to doing sth開始做某事，認(rèn)真處理某事look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事come /be near/close to doing sth 幾乎做某事,差點(diǎn)就做某事 in addition to doing sth 除做某事之外 the key to doing sth 做某事的關(guān)鍵 make contributions to對(duì)…作貢獻(xiàn)when it comes to… 談到……時(shí) 第三

16、講 作表語 考點(diǎn)1. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語時(shí)相當(dāng)于-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞 -ing 形容詞，令人。。。的；-ed形容詞，令人感到。。。的，有被動(dòng)意味。 1. Climbing mountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ . A. tiring; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tiring D. tired; tired 2. Please remain 　　　　 until the plane has come to a complete stop. A．to seal B．to

17、be seated C．seating D．seated 考點(diǎn)2. be to blame應(yīng)為某事負(fù)責(zé) The careless driver was to blame for the accident. 現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作定語。一般不用非謂語的完成式作定語。 第四講 作定語 現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，看與所修飾詞之間的關(guān)系 如果構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，（有時(shí)還表正在進(jìn)行）用現(xiàn)在分詞； 如果構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，（已完成），用過去分詞； 表將來特定某一次，用動(dòng)詞不定式。 1. The little boy still needs the ___

18、 20 dollars to do with some things __. A. remaining, remained to be settled B. remaining, remaining to be settled. C. remained, remained to settle D. remained, remaining to settle 2.The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being

19、 hung 3.The bell ___ the end of the period rang, _____ our heated discussion. A. indicating, interrupting B. indicated, interrupting C. indicating, interrupted D. indicated, interrupted 4. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ____ . A. to send B. fo

20、r sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to the way后面常用不定式做定語 （鏈接the way to help him=the way of helping him; on one’s way home, on one’s way to school ） 1. That’s the best way you thought of ___ into the dangerous area. A. stopping people getting B. to keep people getting

21、 C. preventing people from getting D. to stop people getting 名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，常用不定式作定語 也包括被the next, the last, the only, the very等限定詞時(shí)詞。 He is the oldest actor ever to win an Oscar. 他是獲得奧斯卡年齡最大的演員。 不定式做定語何時(shí)用主動(dòng)式何時(shí)用被動(dòng)式 句中有動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用主動(dòng)式。 不定式和所修飾詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且句中有動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用主動(dòng)式。此時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式要有及物性，

22、且不用被動(dòng)語態(tài) I’m not sure which restaurant ___________. A. to eat on B. eating at C. to eat at D. for eating 句中沒有動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式用被動(dòng)式 It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow. A. to solve B. to be solved C. solved D. solving 有時(shí)用被動(dòng)表示讓別人做 I’m going to the supermarket. Have you go

23、t anything _________? A. bought B. to be bought C. to buy D. being bought ( be ) To blame應(yīng)為某事負(fù)責(zé)，不用被動(dòng) 不定式做定語和所修飾詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系 不定式作定語，一般都是作后置定語，修飾前面的名詞或代詞。 ① 主謂關(guān)系：被修飾的名詞或代詞實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯主語。如： We need someone to help with the project. （someone will help with the project） 我們需要有人來幫忙干這個(gè)工程。 ② 動(dòng)賓關(guān)

24、系：被修飾的名詞或代詞是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語。如： I have many assignments to do. （to do assignments）我有許多作業(yè)要做。 ③ 同位關(guān)系：不定式與所修飾的名詞指的是一回事。 We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我們制定了一個(gè)向雷鋒學(xué)習(xí)的計(jì)劃。 ④ 狀語關(guān)系：被修飾的名詞實(shí)際上表示動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的方式、時(shí)間等。這些名詞多是抽象名詞。如： 現(xiàn)在分詞同動(dòng)名詞作定語的區(qū)別 動(dòng)名詞表功能： a walking stick拐杖 drinking water飲用水a(chǎn) sleeping bag睡袋

25、a living room起居室 現(xiàn)在分詞表正在進(jìn)行： a walking man正在走路的人 a sleeping baby正在睡覺的嬰兒a living plant活著的植物 【2011湖南】The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 狀語 非謂語作狀語時(shí)，要看它同句子主語之間的關(guān)系。 和句子主語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，如： 1) “You ca

26、n’t catch me!” Jane shouted, _______ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran 和句子主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過去分詞作狀語，如： 2) ____ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last. A. Taken B. Taking C. Having taken D. Being taken 表示“為了…”，常用不等式作狀語，這時(shí)，狀語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間與句子謂語動(dòng)作時(shí)間相比，是將來，

27、如： ___ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 伴隨狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表伴隨，動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行 并列謂語多有and等詞連接；一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞間沒有并列連詞時(shí)，多把一個(gè)變?yōu)闋钫Z。如： ①She shouted out and _____（run）away. ②She shouted out, _____（run）away. 過去分詞作狀語表伴隨時(shí)，某種程度上相當(dāng)于形容詞作狀語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)

28、 1. 【2010全國2】Though to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. A. surprising B. was surprising C. surprised D. being surprised 結(jié)果狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，表示一種自然的結(jié)果 動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語，表示一種出乎意料的結(jié)果 2. 【2010天津】It rained heavily in the south, serious flooding in several provinces. A.

29、caused B. having caused C .causing D. to cause 3. 【2012四川】Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky. A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found 4. so…as to與such…as to He got up ______early________get there on time. She was ________a be

30、auty _______attract many boys’ attention. Would you be __________ kind ________ tell me the time? 【2008江西】My English teacher’s humor was ____ make every student burst into laughter. A. so as to B. such as to C. such that D. so that 時(shí)間狀語 5. 【2010上?！縚_______?the city centre, we saw a

31、 stone statue of about 10 meters in height. A. Approaching??? B. Approached??????? C. To approach?????? D. To be approached 原因狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語和句子主語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系， 過去分詞作狀語和句子主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式可以放在表語的后面，表原因。 如：I’m sorry to hear that. I’m pleased to see you again. 條件狀語和句子主語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語和句子主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作狀語 6.

32、____ great help, I could get rid of all the difficulty and succeeded. A. Being offered B. Offered C. Having offered D. to be offered 7. 【2012江蘇】____ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base 考點(diǎn)1. 目的壯語動(dòng)詞

33、不定式常作目的狀語 8. 【2009北京】All of them try to use the power of the workstation ___ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present so as to, in order to so as to 不能用于句首，而in order to可以用于句首也可用于句末 so as to和in order to都可以在to前加not構(gòu)成否定句 表伴隨還是表目的

34、The secretary worked all night long, ____ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨時(shí)，其動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的。而動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語時(shí)，通常譯作“為了”，為了達(dá)到不定式所表達(dá)的目的，先做句子謂語的動(dòng)作。 【2012全國Ⅱ】Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him. A. hoping B.

35、to hope C. hoped D. having hoped 做狀語用done還是being done ______ by a group of teenagers, the old man was telling an old story. A. Surrounded B. Being surrounded have trouble/a problem/difficulty/fun (in) doing句式 Whatever trouble Mr. White had ___ with the case, he would stick to his own

36、opinion. A. deal B. to deal C. dealt D. dealing 方式狀語 【2008山東】Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ______ in the restaurant. A. working B. work C. to work D. worked　 作補(bǔ)語 1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year. A. carry out B

37、. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語時(shí)，用哪種形式，有時(shí)要看賓補(bǔ)與句子賓語之間的關(guān)系，有時(shí)要看謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。 考點(diǎn)1. 和賓語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過去分詞作補(bǔ)語 2. The traffic problem we are looking forward to seeing__ should have attracted the local government’s attention . A. solving B. solved C. to solve D. solve 常用現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語的

38、詞 catch somebody doing something逮住某人做某事leave somebody doing something find somebody doing something keep somebody doing something 考點(diǎn)2. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ) 一感二聽看有五，let, make, have后面賓補(bǔ)不帶to 作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶to的, 在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要帶to 即：feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, observe, notice, look at，后面對(duì)賓補(bǔ)不帶to。 【2010湖南】Lis

39、ten! Do you hear someone for help? A. calling B. call C. to call D. called Whom would you rather ______ the work? A. to have to do B. to have do C. have to do D. have do 常用帶to 的不定式做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞 want/ would like/ask/tell/get somebody to do something I’d like my child _______ in

40、a school of high quality. A. educating B. to educate C. to be educated D. being educated 考點(diǎn)3. have 后賓補(bǔ)的幾種情況 Have somebody do something 讓某人做某事 Have somebody doing something讓某人一直做某事 Have something done請(qǐng)別人做某事 【2011陜西】Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left. A. check B. ch

41、ecking C. to check D. checked advise, recommend, forbid, allow, permit, 跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語，不定式做賓補(bǔ) 【2012上?！緼s Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed into the sports club. A. going B. to go C. go D. gone 非謂語的完成式、進(jìn)行式、被動(dòng)式和否定式 考點(diǎn)1. 非謂語的完成式 把非謂語的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和謂語的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間相比較，如果

42、非謂語的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，非謂語用完成式。非謂語用完成式還是一般式，與謂語本身是什么時(shí)態(tài)無關(guān)。如： ①He is reported to have been killed in the accident. ②He was reported to have been killed in the accident. 因此，非謂語用完成式還是一般式，只與謂語、非謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后有關(guān)，與謂語本身的時(shí)態(tài)無關(guān)。 注意： ①動(dòng)名詞的完成式?？梢杂靡话闶絹泶妫? I remember having lent you $100, but you haven’t paid it back.也可

43、以說： I remember lending you $100, but you haven’t paid it back. I am sorry for breaking your cup.也可以說： I am sorry for having broken your cup. ②非謂語的完成式一般不用作定語： Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted the words _____ in his heart for years. A. filling; having been hidden B. fille

44、d; hidden C. filling; hidden D. filled; hidden 非謂語的進(jìn)行式 When the teacher entered , the pupil pretended to be doing the experiment. He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 非謂語的被動(dòng)式 1. _______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. A. Exposed B. having exposed

45、 C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 2. _______ twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. A. Being examined B. Examined C. Examining D. Having been examined 非謂語的否定式，是在非謂語前面直接加not 3. As the light turned gre

46、en, I stood for a moment, not _________, and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved 4. I regret ____ hard at school, or I would have succeeded in passing the exam. A. not to work B. having not worked C. to have not worked D. not having worke

47、d 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 考點(diǎn)1. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成 （一）：?獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：? ①名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、（與前面構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系） ②名詞(代詞)+過去分詞；（與前面構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系） ③名詞(代詞)+不定式（表將來） ④名詞(代詞)+副詞； ⑤名詞(代詞)+形容詞； ⑥名詞(代詞)?+介詞短語； ⑦名詞(代詞)?+名詞 Weather?________(permit),?we?are?going?to?visit?you?tomorrow The?test?__________(finish),?we?began?our?holiday.　　 With a lot of

48、 things ___________(do), he is quite busy. He?came?into?the?room,?his?ears?red?with?cold. With those noises upstairs, I couldn’t go to sleep. He?came?out?of?the?library,?a?large?book?under?his?arm. The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night. ?with?的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 【2010山東

49、】The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _________ for a meal to be cooked A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 2. There are various kinds of metals, each____ its own properties． A. has B. had C. to have D. having 3. 【2012遼寧】The old co

50、uple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ___________them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows 考點(diǎn)2. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與定語從句 有關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定義從句要有完整的謂語，而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則沒有完整的謂語，且不需要連接詞。 4. He wrote a lot of novels, none of _____translated into a foreign language. A.

51、 them B. which C . it　 D. what 5. You can use a large plastic bottle, ___ cut off, as a pot to grow young plants in. A. the top is B. the top of which C. whose top D. with its top 考點(diǎn)3. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與狀語從句 狀語從句要有完整的謂語，而獨(dú)立主構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)則沒有完整的謂語。 6. _____ more and more forests destroyed, some anim

52、als are facing the danger of dying out. A. With B. By C. As D. For 利用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，輕松寫高級(jí)句式 I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done. _______________________________________________________________________________ 動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 考點(diǎn)1. 動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（for sb. to do sth. 與of sb. to do

53、 sth.） 考點(diǎn)2. 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（somebody’s doing或somebody doing） ________ the homework made his father lose his temper. A. The boy’s not having done B. The boy not having done C. The boy’s having not done D. The boy having not done 連詞加非謂語與省略句 考點(diǎn)1. 狀語從句的省略，同時(shí)具備的兩個(gè)條件 ① 主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it；

54、② 從句主要?jiǎng)釉~是be的某種形式。 此時(shí)從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞?？墒÷?。例如： When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible. 考點(diǎn)2. 狀語從句的"省略"現(xiàn)象常存在于五種狀語從句中 由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句; 由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 由wh

55、en, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句; 由as, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句; The meeting took place as (it was) planned.會(huì)議按照計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。 由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。 The movie was more interesting than (it was) expected.這部電影比預(yù)想的更有趣。 省略后的結(jié)構(gòu)可稱為“連詞+非謂語形式”，主要有七種類型 連詞+形容詞 連詞+名詞 連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 連詞+過去分詞 連詞+不定式

56、He stood up as if (he were) to say something.當(dāng)時(shí)他站起來好像要說什么。 連詞+介詞短語 She looked anxious as if (she was) in trouble. there be 與非謂語 考點(diǎn)1. there + be+名詞+doing/done/to do 在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng) There are several trees to be planted. There are several trees to plant.( 1. There were many peop

57、le _______（wait）outside the building . 2. There were so many people in the street _______（watch）the fire that firefighters couldn’t get close to the building . 3. There is a temple(寺廟) _______ (build) four hundred years ago in the park. 4. I hope there will be more people _______ (join) the clu

58、b. 5. There were lots of materials _______(send) to the area next week . 考點(diǎn)2. There be 句型用作非謂語 1. 做賓語 跟定式的動(dòng)詞后用there to be。常見的動(dòng)詞有：want, expect, hope, wish, like , hate, would like, prefer, mean, intend。 介詞后面用there being。跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞后用there being。常見的動(dòng)詞有：deny, appreciate, mind, imagine, admit。 She den

59、ied there being any misunderstanding between them. 她否認(rèn)他們間有任何誤會(huì)。 ③Teachers don’t want there to be any students lagging behind. 老師不希望有任何學(xué)生掉隊(duì)。 做狀語 there be句型做狀語時(shí)，常用there being。there being是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 ① There being nothing else to do, they went home.由于沒有別的事做，他們回家了。 不定式to后的省略 一般保留動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to。 若to后有助動(dòng)詞

60、have, be, have been, 則也要保留 1. He wasn’t helped yesterday. He ought to ______ A. have B. be C. have been D. have be 不定式符號(hào)to的省略 ① 不定式做表語時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的形式時(shí)，to要省略。（參看P5Error! Reference source not found.） ② 不定式做感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，要省略to。（參看P13 0 ） ③ 由并列連詞and，except, but, than, or 連接兩個(gè)以上的具有相同意

61、義或功能的不定式時(shí)，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。 He told me to stay there and wait for him. 他叫我在那兒等他。 It is easier to persuade people than (to) force them. 說服人容易，強(qiáng)迫人難。 注意：如果兩個(gè)不定式表示對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ?，則不能省略to。如： To try and fail is better than not to try at all. 嘗試而失敗總比不嘗試好。 ④ 動(dòng)詞help后用作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式可以不帶to。 He often helps his wife (to)

62、 do the housework. He often helps (to) do the housework. ⑤ why not＋省略to的不定式（動(dòng)詞原形） 表示建議“為什么不”； 在why ＋省略to的不定式（動(dòng)詞原形）表示不贊成。 Why go with him? 為什么要同他一起去？ Why not give her some flowers? 為什么不送給她一些花呢？ ⑥ 動(dòng)詞不定式做but, except的賓語時(shí)，如果前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的形式時(shí)，要省略to。如： I have nothing to do but give up.我只有放棄了。 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 是一

63、種習(xí)慣用法，邏輯主語并不是句子主語。 2. _____, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally 3. ____ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 4. ___

64、__ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. A. Judged B. Judging C. Having judged D. To judge 5. ____ she can’t come, who will do the work? A. Supposed B. Supposing C. Having supposed D. Being supposed 6. ______it or not, his discovery ha

65、s shocked everyone in scientific circles. A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed 7. ____ you the truth, I’d rather read than watch television; the program seem to be getting worse all the time. A. telling B. to tell C. told D. having told 8. What happened to you on your

66、way back to the hotel last night? --I lost my way in complete darkness and, ________ things worse, it began to pour. A. making B. to make C. having made D. make 熱身訓(xùn)練題 單選： 1. ______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. （2015安徽27） A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored 2.____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. （2015重慶6） A. Being raised B. Raising C. Rai