模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)通用規(guī)則流程

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1、模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)通用規(guī)則流程 在模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議里,參加者(Delegates)以及代表團(tuán)(Delegation)為單位，共同代表一個(gè)國(guó)家（to Represent A Certain Country），在模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議中的不同委員會(huì)（Committee）里，以國(guó)家代表的身份進(jìn)行演講（Republic Speaking）、辯論（Debate）和游說(shuō)（Lobby）等，爭(zhēng)取國(guó)家利益的最大化。 委員會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu) Committee Structure 一個(gè)委員會(huì)由一個(gè)主席團(tuán)（Members of the Dais）負(fù)責(zé)。主席（The Chair）主持會(huì)議，主席的任務(wù)是按照聯(lián)合國(guó)正式的程序規(guī)則監(jiān)督

2、并推動(dòng)會(huì)議進(jìn)程(Oversees Debate and Guides Delegates Through the Rules of Procedure)。會(huì)議指導(dǎo)(Director)負(fù)責(zé)審閱代表提交的會(huì)議文件。主席助理(Rapporteur)負(fù)責(zé)點(diǎn)名、錄入發(fā)言人名單(Speakers' list)。 一、正式辯論 Formal Debate 1、點(diǎn)名 Roll Call 在這一階段，主席助理會(huì)按國(guó)家字母順序依次點(diǎn)出國(guó)家名，被點(diǎn)到的國(guó)家舉起國(guó)家牌(Placard)，并回答：“present(到)”。 2、確定議題 Setting the Agenda 本次會(huì)議將會(huì)由兩個(gè)議題

3、供代表們選擇，代表們通過(guò)討論、投票，確定出要首先討論的議題。在確定議題的階段，主席分別在贊成首先討論議題A和贊成首先討論議題B的國(guó)家中，各隨機(jī)點(diǎn)出3名代表（即，共6名）進(jìn)行發(fā)言，闡述選擇先討論該議題的原因、動(dòng)機(jī)等，發(fā)言時(shí)間為90秒。6名代表都發(fā)言完畢后，將進(jìn)行投票，投票原則為簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)，即50％＋1。 3、發(fā)言及讓渡時(shí)間 Speeches and Yield 產(chǎn)生發(fā)言名單 Open the Speakers' List 代表們確定議題之后，正式辯論開(kāi)始。主席會(huì)請(qǐng)需要發(fā)言的代表舉國(guó)家牌（也就是所有的國(guó)家都舉牌），并隨機(jī)讀出國(guó)家名，代表們發(fā)言的順序即主席點(diǎn)名的順序，當(dāng)代表們聽(tīng)到自己國(guó)家被點(diǎn)

4、到之后，便放下國(guó)家牌。每個(gè)代表有120秒的發(fā)言時(shí)間，代表可在大屏幕上看到發(fā)言名單。如果需要追加發(fā)言機(jī)會(huì)，代表可向主席臺(tái)傳意向條(page)要求在發(fā)言名單上添加其代表的國(guó)家，主席會(huì)將該過(guò)的名字加在發(fā)言名單的最后。主席不阻止追加，但其他代表可用動(dòng)議來(lái)阻止。如果代表已在發(fā)言名單上，并且還沒(méi)有發(fā)言，則不能在其發(fā)言之前追加發(fā)言機(jī)會(huì)。 一旦發(fā)言名單上所有國(guó)家已發(fā)言，并且沒(méi)有任何代表追加發(fā)言機(jī)會(huì)，會(huì)議直接進(jìn)入投票表決決議草案階段。 讓渡時(shí)間 Yield Time 代表在發(fā)言時(shí)間內(nèi)結(jié)束發(fā)言之后，可將剩余時(shí)間讓渡（讓渡時(shí)間僅出現(xiàn)在120秒的發(fā)言名單中），讓渡對(duì)象如下： ——讓渡給他國(guó)代表(Yield T

5、ime to Another Delegate) 這是我們最提倡的一種讓渡方式。讓渡國(guó)A代表和被讓渡國(guó)B代表私下協(xié)商一致后（傳意向條，會(huì)前游說(shuō)等），B代表在A代表剩余的時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行發(fā)言。如果B代表發(fā)言結(jié)束還有時(shí)間剩余，B代表不能將其再次讓渡，主席將繼續(xù)主持會(huì)議。 ——讓渡給問(wèn)題(Yield Time to Questions) 一旦代表將剩余時(shí)間讓渡給問(wèn)題，主席會(huì)請(qǐng)需要提問(wèn)的代表舉牌，并隨機(jī)點(diǎn)出代表進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，提問(wèn)時(shí)間不占用剩余時(shí)間，提問(wèn)內(nèi)容必須根據(jù)發(fā)言者的意思來(lái)問(wèn)。發(fā)言代表可在剩余時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)回答任何被提出的問(wèn)題。這種讓渡方式可以體現(xiàn)發(fā)言代表的思辯、反應(yīng)及口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力，但如果代表水平還有一定

6、差距，選擇這種讓渡方式就是比較不明智的。 ——讓渡給評(píng)論(Yield Time to comments) 一旦代表將剩余時(shí)間讓渡給評(píng)論，主席會(huì)請(qǐng)需要評(píng)論的代表舉牌，并隨機(jī)點(diǎn)出代表進(jìn)行評(píng)論，讓渡時(shí)間給評(píng)論的代表沒(méi)有權(quán)利再一次進(jìn)行觀點(diǎn)的陳述或者對(duì)評(píng)論進(jìn)行反駁。這種讓渡方式是比較冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。如果發(fā)言代表和盟國(guó)交涉成功讓盟國(guó)進(jìn)行有利評(píng)論，且盟國(guó)保證他到時(shí)會(huì)舉牌并讓主席點(diǎn)到他，這樣會(huì)對(duì)發(fā)言代表比較有利。但如果評(píng)論機(jī)會(huì)落入反對(duì)國(guó)手中，該國(guó)將會(huì)對(duì)發(fā)言代表的立場(chǎng)進(jìn)行反駁及批判，這樣就會(huì)使發(fā)言代表進(jìn)入比較被動(dòng)的劣勢(shì)狀態(tài)。所以，請(qǐng)代表們慎重選擇。 ——讓渡給主席(Yield Time to the Chair

7、) 一旦代表將剩余時(shí)間讓渡給主席，意味著代表自動(dòng)放棄剩余時(shí)間，主席將繼續(xù)主持會(huì)議。這是我們最不主張的讓渡方式，因?yàn)檫@代表發(fā)言代表對(duì)推動(dòng)會(huì)議的進(jìn)程起到了消極的作用，沒(méi)有充分利用好時(shí)間闡述各方觀點(diǎn)，會(huì)使發(fā)言代表給大家留下不太好的印象。所以，主席團(tuán)不推薦這種讓渡方式。 4、問(wèn)題和動(dòng)議 Points and Motions 當(dāng)一位代表按照發(fā)言名單的順序發(fā)言完畢后，主席會(huì)詢問(wèn)場(chǎng)下有無(wú)問(wèn)題和動(dòng)議，此時(shí)代表可根據(jù)自身需要舉牌提出問(wèn)題或動(dòng)議。 動(dòng)議或問(wèn)題Motion or Point 說(shuō)明 Description 票數(shù)要求 Vote to Pass 動(dòng)議更改發(fā)言時(shí)間 Motion to s

8、et speaking time 如果代表認(rèn)為發(fā)言時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)或過(guò)短，可動(dòng)議更改發(fā)言時(shí)間，然后進(jìn)行投票表決。 簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)（50％＋1） Simple majority 動(dòng)議暫時(shí)中斷正式辯論 Motion to suspend the meeting 此動(dòng)議意味著代表試圖使正式辯論階段過(guò)渡到非正式辯論階段，如進(jìn)行有主持核心磋商(Moderated Caucus)或自由磋商(Unmoderated Caucus)。提出動(dòng)議的代表需要明確動(dòng)議的目的及中斷正式辯論的時(shí)間。詳細(xì)說(shuō)明請(qǐng)見(jiàn)“非正式辯論”部分。 簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)（50％＋1） Simple majority 動(dòng)議結(jié)束辯論 Motion

9、to close debate 結(jié)束辯論的動(dòng)議生效后，會(huì)議進(jìn)入投票階段。此動(dòng)議一般在代表認(rèn)為其立場(chǎng)已經(jīng)得到充分闡述，并且決議草案已相當(dāng)完善的情況下提出。一旦有代表動(dòng)議結(jié)束辯論，主席會(huì)請(qǐng)出2名代表陳述贊成此動(dòng)議的理由，2位代表陳述反對(duì)此動(dòng)議的理由，然后全體代表進(jìn)行投票表決。 三分之二多數(shù)（2/3） Two-thirds majority 組織性問(wèn)題 Point of Order 當(dāng)代表認(rèn)為主席在主持會(huì)議的過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生某種錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，可以提出組織性問(wèn)題，以糾正主席錯(cuò)誤?？梢源驍噙M(jìn)程提出。 不需要投票 No vote 咨詢性問(wèn)題 Point of Inquiry 當(dāng)代表對(duì)于會(huì)議程

10、序有不明白的地方時(shí)，可以舉牌向主席咨詢。 不需要投票 No vote 個(gè)人特權(quán)問(wèn)題 Point of Personal Privilege 當(dāng)代表覺(jué)得在會(huì)場(chǎng)上個(gè)人有任何不適時(shí)，可以提出各人特權(quán)問(wèn)題，以求得主席團(tuán)的幫助和解決。 不需要投票 No vote *意向條 Page 代表有任何問(wèn)題，或者需要進(jìn)行游說(shuō)、溝通，都可以通過(guò)傳意向條的方式向其他代表或者主席表達(dá)。會(huì)場(chǎng)有工作人員負(fù)責(zé)傳遞。 5、投票表決 Voting 模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)會(huì)議絕大多數(shù)的步驟都需要全體代表進(jìn)行表決。表決的對(duì)象包括對(duì)程序的表決和對(duì)會(huì)議文件的表決。 對(duì)程序的表決（如對(duì)某一動(dòng)議進(jìn)行表決）中，所有代表需要投票，即

11、不可以棄權(quán)。對(duì)于決議草案的表決，是一個(gè)點(diǎn)名表決的過(guò)程，主席依次點(diǎn)名，點(diǎn)到的國(guó)家舉牌并回答：贊成(Yes)、反對(duì)(No)或者棄權(quán)(Abstain)。 代表們根據(jù)辯論進(jìn)展依次提交會(huì)議文件：工作文件(Working Paper)，決議草案(Draft Resolution)，會(huì)議文件提出后，代表們針對(duì)其內(nèi)容進(jìn)行辯論，并提交修正案(Amendment)對(duì)其相關(guān)條款進(jìn)行修正。 在辯論結(jié)束后，委員會(huì)進(jìn)入對(duì)決議草案和修正案的投票階段，皆為唱名表決 (Roll Call Vote )。會(huì)議文件需要得到2/3的贊成票才能通過(guò)。首先對(duì)修正案進(jìn)行表決，其次是決議草案。在模擬聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)中，代表們可以提出多份不同的

12、草案，因此，投票順序取決于草案提交順序。一旦草案通過(guò)，即成生決議，不再對(duì)其他草案進(jìn)行投票，這一議題的討論結(jié)束，委員會(huì)進(jìn)入下一個(gè)議題的討論。 二、非正式辯論 Informal Debate 1、?? 有主持核心磋商 Moderated Caucus 有主持核心磋商指代表們?cè)谥飨闹鞒窒掳凑罩飨S機(jī)點(diǎn)出的順序進(jìn)行發(fā)言，有主持核心磋商討論的核心內(nèi)容、總時(shí)間、各代表發(fā)言時(shí)間由提出此動(dòng)議的代表規(guī)定，并需要全體代表進(jìn)行投票表決。一旦動(dòng)議通過(guò)，在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)代表們發(fā)言的順序?qū)⒉话凑照睫q論發(fā)言名單的順序進(jìn)行，因而被成為“非正式辯論”。在這一階段中，提出動(dòng)議的代表及其盟友一般會(huì)更積極地抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，

13、闡述立場(chǎng)和觀點(diǎn)、反駁對(duì)其不利的觀點(diǎn)，以求得更多地支持。 2、?? 自由磋商 Unmoderated Caucus 提出自由磋商動(dòng)議的代表僅需要規(guī)定總時(shí)間，一旦動(dòng)議得到通過(guò)，在規(guī)定地時(shí)間內(nèi)代表可以離開(kāi)作座位，更為密切地和盟友們交換意見(jiàn)，討論各自認(rèn)為重要的任何方面的問(wèn)題。 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，在非正式辯論階段，代表們一般會(huì)因利益的不同自動(dòng)地結(jié)成多個(gè)集團(tuán)，因此合作精神是更為重要地，代表們只有在第一時(shí)間明確了自己的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)，并加入到集體的討論中，才可能在解下來(lái)的過(guò)程中進(jìn)一步地維護(hù)國(guó)家利益。此外，對(duì)于大國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，在積極游說(shuō)地過(guò)程中，應(yīng)盡量避免獨(dú)斷專行，而對(duì)于小國(guó)而言，即使討論的某個(gè)具體方面對(duì)自身沒(méi)有任何利害

14、關(guān)系，也需要積極地投入，表明自己對(duì)其有所興趣，否則很可能會(huì)被孤立在外，一旦被孤立，便很難找到實(shí)現(xiàn)自己利益的平臺(tái)。 文件寫作 一、立場(chǎng)文件 Position Paper 每個(gè)國(guó)家在會(huì)前都要針對(duì)各個(gè)議題提交一份立場(chǎng)文件，對(duì)本國(guó)的基本觀點(diǎn)做出簡(jiǎn)明扼要的闡述。立場(chǎng)文件應(yīng)以文段的形式撰寫。 開(kāi)頭要寫明代表姓名，學(xué)校，代表國(guó)家，所在委員會(huì)和議題。 首先要概括介紹本議題在當(dāng)前國(guó)際社會(huì)上的狀況，對(duì)整體情況有個(gè)大致的了解。然后要介紹聯(lián)合國(guó)和本國(guó)就此議題的態(tài)度和采取過(guò)的行動(dòng)，要避免冗長(zhǎng)的羅列，以能表達(dá)立場(chǎng)為目的。接著要詳盡闡述本國(guó)的立場(chǎng)、觀點(diǎn)和計(jì)劃采取的行動(dòng)，需要真實(shí)、有可行性。最后用最簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)言總

15、結(jié)本國(guó)最基本的立場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn)。 一份好的立場(chǎng)文件應(yīng)該包含豐富有效的信息。不僅僅應(yīng)該包含你所代表國(guó)家國(guó)內(nèi)的相關(guān)信息，全球范圍內(nèi)與該議題相關(guān)的重要信息都應(yīng)該有所整理，并包含到你的立場(chǎng)文件中。我們建議引用一些比較權(quán)威的機(jī)構(gòu)、組織與媒體提供的信息，以充實(shí)你的立場(chǎng)文件。我們建議代表使用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)明的架構(gòu)來(lái)書寫立場(chǎng)文件。你的工作不是把你所收集的大量信息填充到結(jié)構(gòu)中，而是把你的觀點(diǎn)、建議以及解決辦法等等信息融合起來(lái)加以整理，使他們能夠很好的融合到你的立場(chǎng)文件結(jié)構(gòu)中，讓你的立場(chǎng)文件更有建設(shè)性。以下是立場(chǎng)文件的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。 第一部分：簡(jiǎn)單詮釋議題中的關(guān)鍵詞，初步介紹議題的背景與情況； 第二部分：介紹你所代表國(guó)家在該議

16、題上面臨的問(wèn)題與阻力； 第三部分：介紹你的國(guó)家以及其他國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織在該問(wèn)題上已經(jīng)采取的措施； 第四部分：介紹你所在的國(guó)家以及其他國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織未來(lái)的規(guī)劃與對(duì)策； 第五部分：你所代表的國(guó)家對(duì)自己、對(duì)其他國(guó)家和對(duì)聯(lián)合國(guó)的期望與建議。 二、工作文件 Working Paper 當(dāng)一國(guó)或國(guó)家集團(tuán)對(duì)議題產(chǎn)生初步的解決辦法時(shí)，可以總結(jié)成一份工作文件，提交給大會(huì)，向各國(guó)介紹己方的解決辦法。工作文件不需要特定的文件格式，可以是圖表，可以是文段，也可以列關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。也可以將工作文件作為決議草案的雛形，按照決議草案的格式撰寫，具有全面性。 三、決議草案 Draft Resolution 決議草

17、案是按照聯(lián)合國(guó)決議文件形式起草的對(duì)該議題的解決辦法。決議草案的起草國(guó)和附議國(guó)總數(shù)必須達(dá)到與會(huì)代表國(guó)的20％，才可向大會(huì)主席遞交決議草案。 起草國(guó) Sponsors: 完全贊成該項(xiàng)決議草案 附議國(guó) Signatories: 不一定贊成該決議草案，但是認(rèn)為這份決議草案很值得討論。 四、修正案 Amendment 修正案分為： 友好修正案 ( Friendly Amendment ): 原決議草案的全部起草國(guó)都贊成該修改意見(jiàn)，該修正案就成為友好修正案，直接被添加到原決議草案的最后。 非友好修正案 ( Unfriendly Amendment ): 沒(méi)有使得原起草國(guó)都贊成該修改意見(jiàn)，該修正

18、案使非友好修正案，需要征集到與會(huì)代表20％得附議國(guó)簽名，才可以向大會(huì)主席遞交。原決議草案得起草國(guó)不能成為非友好修正案的起草國(guó)或附議國(guó)，原決議草案的附議國(guó)則可以簽署修正案。修正案表決時(shí)需逐條表決。 五、指令草案 Draft Directive 指令草案是安理會(huì)處理危機(jī)時(shí)候的一種文件類型。它和決議草案在格式和功能上都很相近，但是指令草案不需要序言性條款，要直接書寫行動(dòng)性條款。因?yàn)榇韨円鉀Q危機(jī)，所以指令草案得行動(dòng)措施要立即、有效，防止長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃。安理會(huì)指令草案得起草國(guó)和附議國(guó)總數(shù)要達(dá)到3個(gè)才能提交主席團(tuán)，只要10國(guó)贊同，且“五?！辈环磳?duì)，才能通過(guò)?？梢詫?duì)指令草案提出修正案。 二、??危機(jī)委員

19、會(huì) 在代表討論議題的時(shí)候，主席團(tuán)會(huì)不定時(shí)地給代表們發(fā)放危機(jī)材料，其中既有發(fā)給全體代表的材料，又有針對(duì)當(dāng)事國(guó)的密函。一旦危機(jī)出現(xiàn)，代表應(yīng)當(dāng)立即停止原來(lái)的討論，把注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到危機(jī)上來(lái)。 面對(duì)每一次新形勢(shì)，代表都應(yīng)當(dāng)思考國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)采取的行動(dòng)，適時(shí)起草指令草案 (Draft Directive)。指令草案的內(nèi)容是代表認(rèn)為面對(duì)危機(jī)的發(fā)展，該委員會(huì)或者國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)立即采取的行動(dòng)。 根據(jù)代表們的不同反應(yīng)，危機(jī)會(huì)按照主席團(tuán)設(shè)計(jì)的不同路線進(jìn)行。待危機(jī)完全結(jié)束，代表們回到原議題的討論。 危機(jī)都是和議題相關(guān)的，建議代表在最終的決議草案中反映出通過(guò)危機(jī)所獲得的啟示和各國(guó)形成的共識(shí)。 Conference

20、Detailed Flow Chart Roll Call 點(diǎn)名 點(diǎn)名，該階段要求確定共多少國(guó)家參會(huì)，參會(huì)國(guó)家的簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)和三分之二多數(shù)是多少。 The Rapporteur: Honorable delegates, now we are going to have the roll call. Those countries called please raise your placard and answer PRESENT. 問(wèn)完之后，依照字母順序宣讀國(guó)家名。（見(jiàn)國(guó)家名單） The Rapporteur: The people’s Republic of China. D

21、elegate of PRC: Present. The Rapporteur: The People’s Republic of China is present. 所有國(guó)家宣讀完畢之后，統(tǒng)計(jì)到會(huì)國(guó)家數(shù)量，并計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)及三分之二多數(shù)。 The Rapporteur: 50 countries present in all. The simple majority is 26 and the two-thirds majority is 34. Setting the Agenda 確定議題 確定議題，當(dāng)一個(gè)委員會(huì)有超過(guò)一個(gè)議題的時(shí)候，需要投票確定先討論哪個(gè)議題，簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)通過(guò)。

22、 首先請(qǐng)分別支持議題A或B的國(guó)家舉牌，任意抽取三個(gè)國(guó)家，上臺(tái)闡述支持原因，每人90秒。 The Chair: There are a multiple topic areas in UNEP, so we are going to setting the agenda. The countries those want to set topic A, please raise your placard. The Chair: China, United States, Japan. These 3 countries are going to state their reasons for

23、 setting topic A. Each delegate has 90 seconds to state. 剛剛點(diǎn)選的三個(gè)國(guó)家上臺(tái)闡述支持A議題的原因。 The Chair: The countries those want to set topic B, please raise your placard. The Chair: Spain, Brazil, France. These 3 countries are going to state their reasons for setting topic B. Each delegate has 90 seconds to

24、state. 剛剛點(diǎn)選的三個(gè)國(guó)家上臺(tái)闡述支持B議題的原因。 The Chair: We heard those reasons for setting topic A and reasons for setting topic B. Now we are going to vote. Those countries want to set topic A, please raise your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: There are 33 countries want to set topic A first. The simple majority i

25、s 26. So we are going to discuss topic A first. [Formal Debate] ·正式辯論階段 The Chair: Now we are coming into the formal debate. Firstly we will open the speakers’ list. Open the Speakers’ List 確定發(fā)言名單 正式辯論階段，首先確定發(fā)言名單（即發(fā)言的順序）。 The Chair: All delegates who want to speak please raise your placard.

26、The Chair: China, United States, Brazil, Peru... 確定發(fā)言名單時(shí)，主席隨機(jī)點(diǎn)選國(guó)家，會(huì)議助理記錄點(diǎn)選順序。 Speak 發(fā)言 正式開(kāi)始發(fā)言，每國(guó)代表發(fā)言時(shí)間兩分鐘（可能有代表在后期動(dòng)議更改）,在三十秒時(shí)，主席叩響桌面提醒代表。 The Chair: The country called please come to the platform and states your position. Each delegate has two minutes to state. The Chair will remind the delegat

27、e when there is 30 seconds left. China. The delegate of PRC: Honorable Chair, my fellow delegates, %&*$^%^… 會(huì)議助理注意計(jì)時(shí)，時(shí)間到： The Chair: Sorry to interrupt but your time expired. Yield Time 讓渡 如果發(fā)言國(guó)有剩余時(shí)間，起用讓渡程序處理剩余時(shí)間。 The Chair: The delegate of China, you have 40 seconds left. Now you can yield t

28、he time to the questions, comments, the chair or another delegate. 此時(shí)有四種情況： 1）讓渡給他國(guó) The delegate of PRC: China yields time to Brazil. The Chair: Now Brazil has 40 seconds to speak. Brazil: Thanks China and thanks the chair. Brazil believes that… 2）讓渡給問(wèn)題 The delegate of PRC: China yield time t

29、o questions. The Chair: China yielded its time to question. 40 seconds for 2 questions. Those countries have inquiries please raise your placard. United States. The delegate of US: US didn’t understand… 3）讓渡給評(píng)論 The delegate of PRC: China yield time to comments. The Chair: China yielded its time

30、 to comments. 40 seconds for one comment. Those countries want to have a comment, please raise your placard. Japan. Japan: Thanks the chair. Japan thinks that it is quite obvious in this topic that…etc. 4）讓渡給主席 The delegate of PRC: China yield time to the Chair. The Chair: China yielded its time

31、 to the Chair. 注意：所有讓渡不得二次讓渡 進(jìn)入問(wèn)題或動(dòng)議程序 Motions or Points 問(wèn)題或動(dòng)議 問(wèn)題或動(dòng)議階段，代表依照規(guī)則提出問(wèn)題或動(dòng)議。 The Chair: Now the speech of China ended. Any motion or point? Japan. 此時(shí)共6種情況。 1）組織性問(wèn)題 代表認(rèn)為主席在會(huì)議流程上有失誤時(shí)提出。 The delegate of Japan: Point of order. The Chair didn’t follow the right order on the speakers’ l

32、ist…etc. 此時(shí)，如果屬實(shí)，主席承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，并進(jìn)行更正。如果有特殊原因，主席應(yīng)當(dāng)解釋。 The Chair: Thanks to Japan. Now we are going back to correct the order. OR The Chair: Thanks to Japan but the delegate of UK has personal privilege. UK will be added in after the delegate comes back. 2）咨詢性問(wèn)題 代表對(duì)于會(huì)議程序不明白時(shí)，可以咨詢主席。 The delegate of J

33、apan: Point of inquiry. Japan wants to make sure how many votes we need to pass a point of personal privilege…etc. The Chair: Thanks to Japan and we need no vote for a point of personal privilege…etc. Any other motion or point? 3）個(gè)人特權(quán)問(wèn)題 代表有特殊要求或個(gè)人身體不適時(shí)，可以提出以求得幫助或解決。 The delegate of Japan: Japan

34、feels thirsty, should we have some drinks...etc. The Chair: Thanks to Japan but drinks and food are self-serviced outside the conference room. Any other motion or point…etc. 4）動(dòng)議更改發(fā)言時(shí)間（簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)通過(guò)） The delegate of Japan: Japan has a motion for setting the speaking time for 90 seconds, since most deleg

35、ates don’t have so many points to say…etc. The Chair: Motion for setting the speaking time for 90 seconds. The vote is needed for this motion. Those countries in favor to shorten time please raise your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: There are only 12 countries in favor. 26 are needed for simple major

36、ity. So this motion failed. 注意：動(dòng)議必須經(jīng)過(guò)投票才能判斷通過(guò)與否，點(diǎn)票工作由會(huì)議助理負(fù)責(zé)。 5）動(dòng)議暫時(shí)中斷辯論，進(jìn)入非正式辯論程序（簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)） <1>有主持核心磋商 The delegate of PRC: China has a motion for a 10-minute moderated caucus for the problem of the influences of human activities in global warming. Each delegate has 30 seconds’ speaking time. The C

37、hair: Motion for a 10-minute moderated caucus for the problem of the causes of global warming. The vote is needed for this motion. Those countries in favor to this motion please raise your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: 45 countries in favor and 26 are needed for simple majority. So this motion passed

38、. 20 countries can speak in this moderated caucus. Each delegate has 30 seconds to state. Those countries want to speak please raise your placard. China. 本次發(fā)言每次點(diǎn)選一個(gè)國(guó)家上臺(tái)發(fā)言，沒(méi)有提示，時(shí)間到直接停止。時(shí)間到時(shí)： The Chair: Sorry to interrupt but your time expired. Those countries want to speak please raise your placard

39、. Next country to state is UK. <2>自由磋商 The delegate of PRC: China has a motion for a 20-minute un-moderated caucus. The Chair: Motion for a 20-minute un-moderated caucus. The vote is needed for this motion. Those countries in favor to this motion please raise your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: 39

40、countries in favor and 26 are needed for simple majority. So this motion passed. Here goes the un-moderated caucus for 20 minutes. 本次磋商無(wú)須組織，20分鐘后所有代表回到會(huì)場(chǎng)即可。 6）動(dòng)議休會(huì)，結(jié)束一個(gè)階段的會(huì)議（簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)） 該動(dòng)議通常由主席建議，以保證代表們能夠準(zhǔn)時(shí)午餐/晚餐。時(shí)間臨近午餐/晚餐時(shí)： The Chair: Now it’s time for lunch. The Chair recommends for having a motion

41、 for suspending the meeting. We will continue this afternoon at 2:00 p.m. Any motion or point? US. The delegate of US: United States has a motion for suspending the meeting due to it’s time for lunch. The Chair: Motion for suspending the meeting. Those countries in favor to the motion please raise

42、 your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: 50 in favor and 26 are needed for simple majority. This motion passed. Now our meeting adjourned. All delegates please come back to the meeting room at 2:00 p.m. Thank you. [Informal Debate] 非正式辯論 非正式辯論是穿插在正式辯論中進(jìn)行的，通常是在一名代表發(fā)言完畢后由動(dòng)議提出的。包括有主持核心磋商和自由磋商兩種程序，細(xì)節(jié)見(jiàn)上表。

43、[Repeat] 重復(fù)發(fā)言到問(wèn)題或動(dòng)議的整個(gè)流程，直到發(fā)言名單結(jié)束。 Vote 投票 投票，是針對(duì)已經(jīng)提交的決議草案的表決。決議草案（Draft Resolution）是代表在會(huì)議過(guò)程中抽出時(shí)間撰寫的，并在撰寫完成后得到其他國(guó)家附議后提交主席團(tuán)。主席團(tuán)根據(jù)提交順序編號(hào)（Draft Resolution 1.1,1.2…etc.），并下發(fā)至代表討論。討論時(shí)： The Chair: Now we have Draft Resolution 1.1 delivered by China. The chair recommends for having a motion for discus

44、sing the Draft Resolution 1.1. Any motion or point? China. The delegate of PRC: China has a motion for a 10-minute moderated caucus for Draft Resolution 1.1. China will explain the resolution and other delegates are going to have inquiries on it. The Chair: Motion for discussing the Draft Resoluti

45、on 1.1. A 10-minute moderated caucus and each delegate has 1 minute to state. The vote is needed for this motion. Those countries in favor to this motion please raise your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: 50 countries in favor and 26 are needed for simple majority. So this motion passed. Here goes the d

46、iscussion. Now China is going to explain the Draft Resolution 1.1. 決議草案的解釋與答辯是在發(fā)言名單中穿插進(jìn)行的，在發(fā)言名單結(jié)束之后，通常是直接進(jìn)入對(duì)已有的決議草案的郵票階段。就算只有一份決議草案，也需要投票。投票順序依照主席的編號(hào)順序。 The Chair: Now the speakers’ list closed. We are going to vote for the Draft Resolutions. There are 3 Draft Resolutions and we are going to vote

47、1.1 first. The copies of 1.1 were sent to delegates. Now the countries will called follow the letters’ order. Those countries called please raise your placard and answer FAVOR, VETO or ABSTAIN. People’s Republic of China. The delegate of PRC: Favor/veto/abstain (or Yes/No/Abstain). The Chair: Chi

48、na is in favor/against/abstained. [VOTE] The Chair: There are 29 countries in favor, 13 against and 8 abstained. 34 needed for two-third majority so the Draft Resolution 1.1 failed. Here votes the Draft Resolution 1.2. The copies of 1.2 were sent to delegates. Now the countries will called follow

49、the letters’ order. Those countries called please raise your placard and answer FAVOR, VETO or ABSTAIN. People’s Republic of China. … 注意，如果通過(guò)了一個(gè)決議草案，剩余的決議草案自動(dòng)作廢。如果沒(méi)有任何決議草案通過(guò)，不會(huì)進(jìn)行重新投票，表示會(huì)議在本議題上沒(méi)有達(dá)成共識(shí)，沒(méi)有結(jié)果。 Working Paper 工作文件 工作文件是與會(huì)代表在會(huì)議中，根據(jù)會(huì)議進(jìn)程草擬的總結(jié)性文件，作用在于總結(jié)會(huì)議前一階段的磋商和合作成果。提交的工作文件直接印發(fā)代表即可，不需要通過(guò)

50、或者討論。如果有內(nèi)容詳盡的工作文件，可以建議代表促成一份決議草案。 Other Situations ·特殊動(dòng)議：結(jié)束辯論（三分之二多數(shù)） 該動(dòng)議由代表提出，表示無(wú)論發(fā)言名單上有多少國(guó)家剩余，都即刻結(jié)束辯論，進(jìn)入投票階段。該動(dòng)議需要三分之二多數(shù)通過(guò)，并要求贊成與反對(duì)的雙方各選兩名代表闡述支持與反對(duì)的理由，時(shí)間1分鐘。 The delegate of US: United States has a motion for closing the debate. The Chair: Motion for closing the debate. Those countries in fav

51、or to the motion please raise your placard. China, United States. These two countries are going to state the reason they in favor to close the debate. The delegate of China. You have one minute to state. (China speaking) The Chair: Thanks to China. The delegate of United States. ( US speaking)

52、 The Chair: Thanks to United States. Those countries against the motion please raise your placard. Brazil. UK. These two countries are going to state the objection of the motion. The delegate of Brazil. (Brazil speaking) The Chair: Thanks to Brazil. The delegate of United Kingdom. (UK speakin

53、g) The Chair: Thanks to United Kingdom. Now we are going to vote. Those countries in favor to the motion please raise your placard. [VOTE] The Chair: 32 countries in favor but 34 are needed for this motion. So this motion failed. We are going to continue our speakers’ list. Next country to state

54、is… ·追加發(fā)言名單的方法 如果有國(guó)家希望在發(fā)言名單結(jié)束后追加發(fā)言（通常是因?yàn)榱?chǎng)沒(méi)有闡述清楚或者有補(bǔ)充闡述），可以用PAGE向主席申請(qǐng)追加本國(guó)至發(fā)言名單末尾，無(wú)須投票通過(guò)。PAGE格式將下發(fā)給代表。 Translations About the people 委員會(huì) committee 主席 chair 助理 rapporteur 會(huì)議指導(dǎo) director 工作人員 staff 代表 delegate About the procedure 點(diǎn)名 roll call 國(guó)家牌 placard 到 present 正式辯論

55、 Formal Debate 讓渡給他國(guó)代表Yield Time to Another Delegate 讓渡給問(wèn)題Yield Time to Questions 讓渡給評(píng)論Yield Time to comments 讓渡給主席Yield Time to the Chair 問(wèn)題和動(dòng)議 Points and Motions 動(dòng)議更改發(fā)言時(shí)間Motion to set speaking time 動(dòng)議暫時(shí)中斷正式辯論Motion to suspend the meeting 簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)（50％＋1）Simple majority 三分之二多數(shù)（2/3）Two-thirds ma

56、jority 動(dòng)議結(jié)束辯論Motion to close debate 個(gè)人特權(quán)問(wèn)題Point of Personal Privilege 咨詢性問(wèn)題Point of Inquiry 組織性問(wèn)題Point of Order 意向條 Page 非正式辯論 Informal Debate 有主持核心磋商 Moderated Caucus 自由磋商 Unmoderated Caucus 立場(chǎng)文件 Position Paper 工作文件 Working Paper 決議草案 Draft Resolution 修正案 Amendment 友好修正案 Friendly Amend

57、ment 非友好修正案 Unfriendly Amendment 休會(huì) Adjourn the meeting Sample Documents 會(huì)議文件示例 Sample Position Paper Delegate（s）: Pan Fangdi, Chen Yilin School: Shenzhen High School Committee: Security Council Sponsors: The Republic of Peru Topic: Situation in Suda

58、n The civil war in Sudan between the Arab Muslim population in the north and the mostly black Christian population in the south has lasted for decades. With more than two million lives claimed and around six million people forced to flee from their homes since 1983, a new crisis which has involve

59、d a greater number of innocent civilians emerged in Sudan’s Darfur region, turning out to be one of the most serious humanitarian crises in the world today. The United Nations Security Council has passed a number of resolutions in the past few years concerning the situation in Sudan. Furthermore,

60、 the Security Council has also called for all UN member states’ contribution to the African Union forces to support its mandate in Darfur which aims at ensuring lasting peace. Peru?condemns?all abuses of human rights, including the murdering of civilians, the raping of women and the boundless lo

61、oting of valuables. Refugees’ being forced to flee from their motherland is also an act against humanitarianism. On the other hand, the protesting which brought instabilities to the society is considered illegal and the procedures taken to handle the conflict are no more than reckless and evanescent

62、 acting. Most seriously, there is an inclination of the secession of the country. For the purpose of maintaining lasting peace, Peru suggests the UN propose a reform in Sudan in order to build a Government of National Unity which will be able to represent the positions of all who are concerned an

63、d divide the benefits reasonably and transparently. Peru has pointed to the violence in Darfur as a situation that demands the UN’s protection of civilians. We urge ceasefire and the abuses of human rights are strongly suggested to come to a halt. Peru would like the UN and its member states to a

64、ssist the Government of National Unity in Sudan in raising funds from multiple sources to rebuild the area. Peru thinks the Security Council should urge relative parties to execute peace agreements and promote political process in Sudan. In accordance with the disordered and unsecured condition

65、in Darfur, the peace talking between the government and rebel groups in Darfur should be continued until an improved Darfur Peace Agreement is made to lead to lasting ceasefire and to guarantee the security in Darfur region. On the other hand, Tribal leaders in this region should be involved in the

66、peace process so that their proposition and interests can be taken into account to make the final agreement more acceptable. Financial aid and subsistent aid, as well as humanitarian aid, from the United Nations and African Union is urged. The providing of social services, such as utilities and facilities including hospitals, schools and household supports，is highly needed. The united military force, which is supposed to be the main factor of moderating the climate of the region, sent by th