打印機上蓋的注塑模設計【全套含CAD圖紙、說明書】
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編號: 畢業(yè)設計開題報告題 目: 打印機上蓋的注塑模設計 院 (系): 機電工程學院 專 業(yè): 機械設計制造及其自動化 學生姓名:學 號: 指導教師單位: 姓 名:職 稱:題目類型:理論研究 實驗研究 工程設計 工程技術研究 軟件開發(fā) 年3月1日1畢業(yè)設計的主要內容、重點和難點等一、畢業(yè)設計的主要內容模具是工業(yè)生產中的重要工藝裝備,模具工業(yè)是國民經濟各部門發(fā)展的重要基礎之一。塑料模具是指用于成型塑料制作的模具,它是一種型腔模。隨著工業(yè)塑料制件和日用塑料制件的品種和需求量的日益增加,塑料成型工業(yè)在基礎工業(yè)中的地位和對國民經濟的影響越來越重要。注射模又稱為注塑模,是塑料模具的一種,其產量占世界塑料成型模具產量的一半以上。注射成型能成型形狀復雜的制件及具有生產效率高等特點,因此在塑料制件的生產中占有很大的比重。此次設計主要是圍繞打印機上蓋注塑模具設計,其主要內容如下:1、 對塑料制件的結構進行工藝性分析,選擇合適的塑料模具;2、 確定塑件在模具中的位置以及澆注系統的設計;3、 成型零部件的設計,其中包括成型零部件的結構設計、工作尺寸計算、強度和剛度計算及繪制零件圖;4、 結構零部件的設計,其中包括模架的選用、支承零部件、動定模座板的設計等;5、 推出機構的設計和側向分型與抽芯機構的設計,其中包括推出機構的類型、推出力的計算、側向分型與抽芯機構的類型等;6、 模具的溫度調節(jié)系統設計。二、畢業(yè)設計的重點1、對零件的結構工藝性分析,擬定打印機上蓋的工藝方案及模具結構方案的設計;2、對打印機上蓋成型零部件的工作尺寸的計算及強度與剛度的計算;3、打印機上蓋注塑模模具裝配圖和零件圖的繪制。三、畢業(yè)設計的難點 1、主要的工藝參數的設計與計算;2、成型零部件的結構設計和結構零部件的設計;3、推出機構的設計和側向分型與抽芯機構的設計;4、溫度調節(jié)系統的設計。四、可加以創(chuàng)新點 查閱國內外相關資料與文獻,了解模具新技術和注塑成型新工藝,對我國模具工業(yè)的現狀與發(fā)達國家模具工業(yè)的現狀進行比較分析,了解成型優(yōu)質塑件所需的重要條件,結合實際和所設計內容,尋找一種更為理想的方案。 2準備情況(查閱過的文獻資料及調研情況、現有設備、實驗條件等)一、調研情況塑料具有質量輕、比強度大、絕緣性能好、成型生產率高和價格低廉等優(yōu)點。塑料已成為金屬的良好代用材料,出現了金屬材料塑料化的趨勢。注塑成型由于可以一次成型各種結構復雜、尺寸精密和帶有金屬嵌件的制品且成型周期短,可以一模多腔,大批生產時成本低廉,易于實現自動化生產,因此在塑料加工行業(yè)中占有非常重要的位置。與很多工業(yè)發(fā)達國家相比,我國的模具行業(yè)特別是注塑模具起步比較晚,技術設備、管理水都比較低。長期以來,我國注塑模具的設計與制造很多依賴于國外的經驗。據統計,我國每年生產的模具只能滿足國內需求的60左右,很多精密復雜的模具需要進口。(一)國內外注塑模具的發(fā)展現狀對比隨著塑料制品廣泛應用,模具技術已成為衡量一個國家制造業(yè)發(fā)展水平的重要標志之一,標準化、智能化、網絡化成為了工業(yè)發(fā)達國家注塑模具制造業(yè)的基本特征。近些年來,隨著我國注塑行業(yè)的發(fā)展和先進制造技術的研發(fā)與引進,注塑模具的制造水平也得到了很大的提高。但是由于起步晚、基礎薄弱、技術設備、管理水平都比較低等問題,我國的注塑模具總水平與國外依然存在10年以上的差距,注塑模的精度、熱流道模具使用率、模具的使用壽命、標準化程度等都有待于進一步提高。工業(yè)發(fā)達國家,其模具工業(yè)年產值早已超過機床行業(yè)的年產值。在日本、韓國等國家,其生產塑料模與生產沖壓模的企業(yè)數量差不多相等;而在新加坡等國家,其生產塑料模的企業(yè)數量已大大超過生產沖壓模的企業(yè)。所以,我國應加大技術投入,重視技術創(chuàng)新,使我國的注塑模具得到快速高效的發(fā)展。(二)我國注塑模具的發(fā)展趨勢當前,隨著市場競爭的加劇、人們需求的不斷提高,為了適應市場需要,模具行業(yè)也需要不斷發(fā)展創(chuàng)新。從以上的分析中可以看出,我國在注塑模具的研究方面取得了重要的進展,先進制造技術的采用與新材料的應用使我國的注塑模具朝著精密、高速、節(jié)能的方向發(fā)展 。具體發(fā)展方向表現在以下方面:1)注塑模具設計中 CADCAMCAE技術的廣泛應用;2)注塑模具中熱流道模具的比重逐漸提高;3)專用和優(yōu)質模具的材料不斷地推陳出新;4)智能化、自動化研磨拋光的應用;5)不斷提高模具標準化程度。二、打印機上蓋模具零件的設計工序 (1)模具尺寸設計合理且并無明顯缺陷; (2)繪制相關的裝配圖和零件圖; (3)運用三維軟件描述注塑的動態(tài)過程。三、 注塑模具的設計步驟1、 設計前的準備工作。其中包括設計任務書、確定塑件的成型工藝與注射劑的型號和規(guī)格。2、 制訂成型工藝卡。其中包括描述制品概況、注射機的主要技術參數、壓力與行程、成型條件等。3、 模具結構設計。其中包括確定型腔數目、選擇分型面、制訂型腔分布方案、確定澆注系統、脫模方式和排氣方式等。4、 確定注射模主要尺寸,選用標準模架。5、 模具的繪制。其中包括模具的結構草圖、校核模具與注射機的相關尺寸、注射機結構的審查、模具裝配圖、零件圖及設計圖樣的復核。6、 注射模具的審核。其中包括以下幾個方面:(1) 基本結構方面;(2) 設計圖紙方面;(3) 設計質量方面;(4) 裝拆方便方面。參考文獻1 馮剛,江平.塑料工業(yè)我國注塑模具關鍵技術的研究與應用進展J.浙江: 浙江工業(yè)職業(yè)技術學院,2014,42(4):16-192 唐仁奎,許艷英.科技風注塑模具技術現狀與發(fā)展趨勢J,2010(12)3 屈華昌.塑料成型工藝與模具設計.第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.74 余曉容.注塑模優(yōu)化設計理論的研究與應用D.鄭州:鄭州大學,2004:1-25 姬雷雷.典型注塑模結構多媒體系統軟件的研究D.南京:南京航空航天大 學,2004:14-163 梁艷豐注塑模結構設計要點分析J中國科技縱橫,2010(9):21 4 洪慎章現代模具技術的現狀及發(fā)展趨勢J航空制造技術,2006(6):30325 周永泰中國模具工業(yè)的現狀與發(fā)展J電加工與模具,2005(4):812 6 楊守濱淺談注塑模具先進制造關鍵技術的發(fā)展J科技創(chuàng)新導報,2008(2): 78 7 王昌,胡修鑫注塑模具的先進制造技術綜述J機床與液壓,2012,40(14): 123125 8 姜愛菊,吳宏武微注射成型的最新進展J塑料工業(yè),2008,31(8):14. 9 文泊熱流道技術是塑料注射成型工藝的一大變革J國外塑料,2012(1):55 56 10 江健淺析注塑模具的發(fā)展J廣西輕工業(yè),2011(3):5l一5211 wILDER R vHot RunnersJPlast Technol,2003,49(9):23 12 梅啟武注塑模熱流道輔助設計技術與應用研究D杭州:浙江大學,2004: l一1113 李聰,李輝淺談注塑模具中一些先進技術J,電子世界,2011(9):3839 14 許發(fā)鍵模具標準化及其生產技術J現代制造,2004(9):4648 15 宋滿倉注塑模具設計與制造標準化體系的研究D大連:大連理工大學,2004: 1一14 16 阮雪榆,李志剛,武兵書,等中國模具工業(yè)和技術的發(fā)展J模具技術, 2001(2):7274 17 李菲,方沂CADCAE技術在現代注塑模具設計中的應用J價值工程, 2012,33(31):3637 18 孫錫紅我國塑料模具發(fā)展現狀及發(fā)展建議J電加工與模具,2010(4):31 33 19 宋滿倉,趙丹陽注塑模具的綠色制造方法研究J機械設計與制造工程,2002, 31(3):15163、實施方案、進度實施計劃及預期提交的畢業(yè)設計資料一、2015年12月2016年1月:根據課題內容完成開題報告。二、2016年1月至2月:完成外文翻譯英文。三、2016年2月至4月:完成開題報告,繪制裝配圖。四、2016年5月中旬:撰寫畢業(yè)設計說明書。五、2016年5月至6月:整理打印畢業(yè)論文及相關資料,交指導老師評閱,準備畢業(yè)答辯。指導教師意見指導教師(簽字): 2016年3月日開題小組意見開題小組組長(簽字):2016年3 月日 院(系、部)意見 主管院長(系、部主任)簽字: 2016年3月日- 6 -畢業(yè)設計(論文)中期檢查表(指導教師)指導教師姓名: 填表日期: 年 4 月 7 日學生學號 學生姓名 題目名稱打印機上蓋的注塑模設計已完成內容 完成開題報告和外文翻譯,完成塑件的繪制,開始撰寫說明書。 檢查日期:完成情況全部完成按進度完成滯后進度安排存在困難在準備三維建模中遇阻,之前對于SolidWorks掌握得并不是很好,所以建模過程并不順利。且塑件結構尺寸比較多,在繪制三維圖時也比較耽誤時間。解決辦法借閱圖書館里有關于SolidWorks注塑模的設計的書籍,網上查找學習視頻。預期成績優(yōu) 秀良 好中 等及 格不及格建議 教師簽名: 教務處實踐教學科制表說明:1、本表由檢查畢業(yè)設計的指導教師如實填寫;2、此表要放入畢業(yè)設計(論文)檔案袋中;3、各院(系)分類匯總后報教務處實踐教學科備案。編號: 畢業(yè)設計(論文)外文翻譯(原文)學 院: 機電工程學院 專 業(yè): 機械設計制造及其自動化 學生姓名: 學 號: 指導教師單位: 姓 名: 職 稱: 年 3 月 20 日Abstract Today, the time-to-market for plastic products is becoming shorter, thus the lead time available for making the injection mould is decreasing. There is potential for timesaving in the mould design stage because a design process that is repeatable for every mould design can be standardised. This paper presents a methodology for designing the cavity layout for plastic injection moulds by controlling the geometrical para-meters using a standardisation template. The standardisation template for the cavity layout design consists of the configurations for the possible layouts. Each configuration of the layout design has its own layout design table of all the geometrical parameters. This standardisation template is predefined at the layout design level of the mould assembly design. This ensures that the required configuration can be loaded into the mould assembly design very quickly, without the need to redesign the layout. This makes it useful in technical discussions between the product designers and mould designers prior to the manufacture of the mould. Changes can be made to the 3D cavity layout design immediately during the discussions, thus saving time and avoiding miscommunication. This standardisation template for the cavity layout design can be customised easily for each mould making company to their own standards.Keywords: Cavity layout design; Geometrical parameters; Mould assembly; Plastic injection mould design; Standardisation template1 Introduction Plastic injection moulding is a common method for the mass production of plastic parts with good tolerances. There are two main items that are required for plastic injection moulding. They are the injection-moulding machine and the injection mould. The injection-moulding machine has the mould mounted on it and provides the mechanism for molten plastic transfer from the machine to the mould, clamping the mould by the application of pressure and the ejection of the formed plastic part. The injection mould is a tool for transforming the molten plastic into the final shape and dimensional details of the plastic part. Today, as the time-to-market for plastic parts is becoming shorter, it is essential to produce the injection mould in a shorter time. Much work had been done on applying computer technologies to injection mould design and the related field. Knowledge-based systems (KBS) such as IMOLD 1,2, IKMOULD 3, ESMOLD 4, the KBS of the National Cheng Kang University, Taiwan 5, the KBS of Drexel University 6, etc. were developed for injection mould design. Systems such as HyperQ/Plastic 7, CIMP 8, FIT 9, etc. are developed for the selection of plastic materials using a knowledge-based approach. Techniques have also been developed for parting design in injection moulding 1012. It has been observed that although mould-making industries are using 3D CAD software for mould design, much time is wasted in going through the same design processes for every project. There is great potential for timesaving at the mould design stage if the repeatable design processes can be standardised to avoid routine tasks. A well-organised hierarchical design tree in the mould assembly is also an important factor 13,14. However, little work has been done in controlling the parameters in the cavity layout design; thus this area will be our main focus. Although there are many ways of designing the cavity layout 15,16, mould designers tend to use only conventional designs, thus there is a need to apply standardisation at the cavity layout design level. This paper presents a methodology for designing the cavity layout for plastic injection moulds by controlling the parameters based on a standardisation template. First, a well-organised mould assembly hierarchy design tree had to be established. Then, the classification of the cavity layout configuration had to be made to differentiate between those with standard configurations and those with non-standard configurations. The standard configurations will be listed in a configuration database and each configuration has its own layout design table that controls its own geometrical parameters. This standardisation template is pre-defined at the layout design level of the mould assembly design.2 Cavity Layout Design for a Plastic Injection Mould An injection mould is a tool for transforming molten plastic into the final shape and dimensional details of a plastic part. Thus, a mould contains an inverse impression of the final part. Most of the moulds are built up of two halves: the front insert and the back insert. In certain mould-making industries, the front insert is also known as the cavity and the back insert is known as the core. Figure 1 shows a front insert (cavity) and a back insert (core). Molten plastic is injected into the impression to fill it. Solidification of the molten plastic then forms the part. Figure 2 shows a simple two-plate mould assembly.Fig. 1. Front insert (cavity) and back insert (core).Fig. 2. A simple mould assembly.2.1Difference Between a Single-Cavity and a Multi-Cavity Mould Very often, the impression in which molten plastic is being filled is also called the cavity. The arrangement of the cavities is called the cavity layout. When a mould contains more than one cavity, it is referred to as a multi-cavity mould. Figures 3(a) and 3(b) shows a single-cavity mould and a multi-cavity mould. A single-cavity mould is normally designed for fairly large parts such as plotter covers and television housings. For smaller parts such as hand phone covers and gears, it is always more economical to design a multi-cavity mould so that more parts can be produced per moulding cycle. Customers usually determine the number of cavities, as they have to balance the investment in the tooling against the part cost. Fig. 3. (a) A single cavity mould. (b) A multi-cavity mould.2.2Multi-Cavity Layout A multi-cavity mould that produces different products at the same time is known as a family mould. However, it is not usual to design a mould with different cavities, as the cavities may not all be filled at the same time with molten plastic of the same temperature.On the other hand, a multi-cavity mould that produces the same product throughout the moulding cycle can have a balanced layout or an unbalanced layout. A balanced layout is one in which the cavities are all uniformly filled at the same time under the same melt conditions 15,16. Short moulding can occur if an unbalanced layout is being used, but this can be overcome by modifying the length and cross-section of the runners (passageways for the molten plastic flow from the sprue to the cavity). Since this is not an efficient method, it is avoided where possible. Figure 4 shows a short moulding situation due to an unbalanced layout. A balanced layout can be further classified into two categories: linear and circular. A balanced linear layout can accommodate 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 etc. cavities, i.e. it follows a 2n series. A balanced circular layout can have 3, 4, 5, 6 or more cavities, but there is a limit to the number of cavities that can be accommodated in a balanced circular layout because of space constraints. Figure 5 shows the multi-cavity layouts that have been discussed. Fig. 4. Short moulding in an unbalanced layout. Fig. 5. Multi-cavity layouts.3 The Design Approach This section presents an overview of the design approach for the development of a parametric-controlled cavity layout design systemforplasticinjection moulds. An effective working method of mould design involves organising the various subassemblies and components into the most appropriate hierarchy design tree. Figure 6 shows the mould assemblyhierarchy design tree for the first level subassembly and components.Other subassemblies and components are assembled from the second level onwards to the nth level of the mould assembly hierarchy design tree. For this system, the focus will be made only on the “cavity layout design”. Fig. 6. Mould assembly hierarchical design tree.3.1 Standardisation Procedure In order to save time in the mould design process, it is necessary to identify the features of the design that are commonly used. The design processes that are repeatable for every mould design can then be standardised. It can be seen from Fig. 7 that there are two sections that interplay in the standardisation procedure for the “cavity layout design”: component assembly standardisation and cavity layout configuration standardisation.Fig. 7. Interplay in the standardization procedure.3.1.1 Component Assembly Standardisation Before the cavity layout configuration can be standardised, there is a need to recognise the components and subassemblies that are repeated throughout the various cavities in the cavity layout. Figure 8 shows a detailed “cavity layout design” hierarchy design tree. The main insert subassembly (cavity) in the second level of the hierarchy design tree has a number of subassemblies and components that are assembled directly to it from the third level onwards of the hierarchy design tree. They can be viewed as primary components and secondary components. Primary components are present in every mould design. The secondary components are dependent on the plastic part that is to be produced, so they may or may not be present in the mould designs.Fig. 8. Detailed “cavity layout design” hierarchical design tree. As a result, putting these components and subassemblies directly under the main insert subassembly, ensures that every repeatable main insert (cavity) will inherit the same subassemblies and components from the third level onwards of the hierarchy design tree. Thus, there is no need to redesign similar subassemblies and components for every cavity in the cavity layout.3.1.2 Cavity Layout Configuration Standardisation It is necessary to study and classify the cavity layout configurations into those that are standard and those that are non-standard. Figure 9 shows the standardisation procedure of the cavity layout configuration.Fig. 9. Standardisation procedure of the cavity layout configuration. A cavity layout design, can be undertaken either as a multi-cavity layout or a single-cavity layout, but the customers always determine this decision. A single-cavity layout is always considered as having a standard configuration. A multi-cavity mould can produce different products at the same time or the same products at the same time. A mould that produces different products at the same time is known as a family mould, which is a non-conventional design. Thus, a multi-cavity family mould has a non-standard configuration. A multi-cavity mould that produces the same product can contain either a balanced layout design or an unbalanced layout design. An unbalanced layout design is seldom used and, as a result, it is considered to possess a non-standard configuration. However, a balanced layout design can also encompass either a linear layout design or a circular layout design. This depends on the number of cavities that are required by the customers. It must be noted, however, that a layout design that has any other non-standard number of cavities is also classified as having a non-standard configuration. After classifying those layout designs that are standard, their detailed information can then be listed into a standardisation template. This standardisation template is pre-defined in the cavity layout design level of the mould assembly design and supports all the standard configurations. This ensures that the required configuration can be loaded very quickly into the mould assembly design without the need to redesign the layout.3.2 Standardisation Template It can be seen from Fig. 10 that there are two parts in the standardisation template: a configuration database and a layout design table. The configuration database consists of all the standard layout configurations, and each layout configuration has its own layout design table that carries the geometrical parameters. As mould-making industries have their own standards, the configuration database can be customised to take into account those designs that are previously considered as non-standard. Fig. 10. The standardization template.3.2.1 Configuration Database A database can be used to contain the list of all the different standard configurations. The total number of configurations in this database corresponds to the number of layout configurations available in the cavity layout design level of the mould design assembly. The information listed in the database is the configuration number, type, and the number of cavities. Table 1 shows an example of a configuration database. The configuration number is the name of each of the available layout configurations with the corresponding type and number of cavities. When a particular type of layout and number of cavities is called for, the appropriate layout configuration will be loaded into the cavity layout design.Table 1. Sample of the configuration database. 3.2.2 Layout Design Table Each standard configuration listed in the configuration database has its own layout design table. The layout design table contains the geometrical parameters of the layout configuration and is independent for every configuration. A more complex layout configuration will have more geometrical parameters to control the cavity layout. Figures 11(a) and 11(b) show the back mould plate (core plate) with a big pocket and four small pockets for assembling the same four-cavity layout. It is always more economical and easier to machine a large pocket than to machine individual smaller pockets in a block of steel. The advantages of machining a large pocket are: Fig. 11. The back mould plate with pocketing.1. More space between the cavities can be saved, thus a smaller block of steel can be used.2. Machining time is faster for creating one large pocket compared to machining multiple small pockets.3. Higher accuracy can be achieved for a large pocket than for multiple smaller pockets. As a result, the default values of the geometrical parameters in the layout design table results in there being no gap between the cavities. However, to make the system more flexible, the default values of the geometrical parameters can be modified to suit each mould design where necessary.3.3 Geometrical Parameters There are three variables that establish the geometrical parameters: 1. Distances between the cavities (flexible). The distances between the cavities are listed in the layout design table and they can be controlled or modified by the user. The default values of the distances are such that there are no gaps between the cavities. 2. Angle of orientation of the individual cavity (flexible). The angle of orientation of the individual cavity is also listed in the layout design table which the user can change. For a multi-cavity layout, all the cavities have to be at the same angle of orientation as indicated in the layout design table.If the angle of orientation is modified, all the cavities will be rotated by the same angle of orientation without affecting the layout configuration. 3. Assembly mating relationship between each cavities (fixed).The orientation of the cavities with respect to each other is pre-defined for each individual layout configuration and is controlled by the assembly mating relationship between cavities. This is fixed for every layout configuration unless it is customised. Figure 12 shows an example of a single-cavity layout configuration and its geometrical parameters. The origin of the main insert/cavity is at the centre. The default values of X1 and Y1 are zero so that the cavity is at the centre of the layout (both origins overlap each other). The user can change the values of X1 and Y1, so that the cavity can be offset appropriately. Figure 13 shows an example of an eight-cavity layout configuration and its geometrical parameters. The values of X and Y are the dimensions of the main insert/cavity. By default, the values of X1 and X2 are equal to X, the value of Y1 is equal to Y, and thus there is no gap between the cavities. The values of X1, X2, and Y1 can be increased to take into account the gaps between the cavities in the design. These values are listed in the layout design table. If one of the cavities has to be oriented by 90, the rest of the cavities will be rotated by the same angle, but the layout design remains the same. The user is able to rotate the cavities by changing the parameter in the layout design table. The resultant layout is shown in Fig. 14. A complex cavity layout configuration, which has more geometrical parameters, must make use of equation to relate the parameters. Fig. 12. Single-cavity layout configuration and geometrical parameters.Fig. 13. Eight-cavity layout configuration and geometrical parameters without cavity rotation.Fig. 14. Eight-cavity layout configuration and geometrical parameters with cavity rotation.4 System Implementation A prototype of the parametric-controlled cavity layout design system for a plastic injection mould has been implemented using aIII PC-compatible as the hardware. This prototype system uses a commercial CAD system (SolidWorks 2001) and a commercial database system (Microsoft ) as the software. The prototype system is developed using the Microsoft Visual C+ V6.0 programming language and the SolidWorks API (Application Programming Interface) in a Windows environment. SolidWorks is chosen primarily for two reasons:1. The increasing trend in the CAD/CAM industry is to move towards the use of Windows-based PCs instead of UNIX workstations mainly because of the cost involved in purchasing the hardware.2. The 3D CAD software is fully Windows-compatible, thus it is capable of integrating information from Microsoft Excel files into the CAD files (part, assembly, and drawing) smoothly 17. This prototype system has a configuration database of eight standard layout configurations that are listed in an Excel file.This is shown in Fig. 15(a). Corresponding to this configuration database, the layout design level, which is an assembly file in SolidWorks (layout.sldasm), has the same set of layout configurations. The configuration name in the Excel file corresponds to the name of the configurations in the layout assembly file, which is shown in Fig. 15(b). Every cavity layout assembly file (layout.sldasm) for each project will be pre-loaded with these layout configurations. When a required layout configuration is requested via the user interface, the layout configuration will be loaded. The user interface shown in Fig. 16 is prior to the loading of the requested layout configuration. Upon loading the requested layout configuration, the current layout configuration information will be listed in the list box. The user is then able to change the current layout configuration to any other available layout configurations that are found in the configuration database. This is illustrated in Fig. 17. The layout design table for the current layout configuration that contains the geometrical parameters can be activated when the user triggers the push button at the bottom of the user interface. When the values of the geometrical parameters are changed, the cavity layout design will be updated accordingly. Figure 18 shows the activation of the layout design
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