2019版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題限時集訓(xùn)12 閱讀七選五之說明文（Ⅱ）（含解析）

專題限時集訓(xùn)(十二)閱讀七選五之說明文()A(2018·安徽省知名師范高中質(zhì)檢)It is very important for kids to be courageous.A brave child is more likely to withstand negative peer pressure，say no to temptations(誘惑)and fight the good fight. 1 It boosts kids'resilience(適應(yīng)力)，confidence and willpower as well as their learning，performance and school engagement.Here are several ways to develop kids' courage：Set a model of courage，kids who watch their parents stick their necks out to do the right thing are more likely to do the same. 2 Then express how good it feels when you conquer your fears instead of taking a shortcut.Your kids will learn how to take on the tough challenge they face by witnessing how you tackle your fears. 3 Research finds that kids are more likely to be courageous if they believe that their parents encourage them to support those in need，discuss bravery with your kids: tell them “Courage is making the choice to do what you know is right even if you are afraid.”Ask your kids to share their acts of bravery.Learning to be brave takes practice，so encourage your children to do something courageous every day. 4 A mom I talked to had her kids share their brave deeds at dinner time.Teach your kids how to reduce their fears.If not kept under control，fears can be powerful. 5 You might encourage positive self-talk，such as saying “I can handle this” or “I have courage to do this”O(jiān)r teach your children to take slow，deep breaths to find courage.ATalk about values and courage.BCourage has other surprising benefits.CThe good news is that courage can be taught.DTeach your children simple strategies to be brave.ELet your children see you step out of your comfort zone.FIn today's uncertain world，kids will need courage and confidence.GThen take time to focus on their courageous breakthroughs.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了四個培養(yǎng)孩子勇氣的方法。1B根據(jù)上文可知，一個勇敢的孩子更能承受壓力、拒絕誘惑，更能夠為了信仰和原則而斗爭；根據(jù)空處后一句可知，勇氣能提高孩子的適應(yīng)力、信心和毅力。據(jù)此可以判斷，空處承上啟下，說明勇氣還有其他的益處，故選B。2E本段講述榜樣的作用。根據(jù)空處后一句可知，要向你的孩子表達克服恐懼而非走捷徑的感覺是多么棒。據(jù)此可以判斷，空處說明要讓你的孩子看到你走出舒適區(qū)，故選E。3A根據(jù)位置可知，該空為該段的主題句。通讀該段內(nèi)容，尤其是該段最后一句可知，要與你的孩子討論勇氣，告訴他們勇氣是即使你害怕也選擇去做你認(rèn)為正確的事。據(jù)此可知，該段主要陳述培養(yǎng)勇氣的方法：和孩子討論價值觀和勇氣，故選A。4G根據(jù)空處后一句可知，一位“我”與之交談過的母親讓她的孩子晚飯時分享他們自己的勇敢行為。據(jù)此可知，空處陳述與此對應(yīng)的父母的做法：要花時間專注于孩子的勇敢突破，故選G。5D根據(jù)空處后一句可知，你可能會鼓勵孩子進行積極的自我對話，比如說，“我可以處理這件事”或“我有勇氣做這件事”。據(jù)此可以判斷，空處是說要教會你的孩子變得勇敢的一些簡單的方法，故選D。B(2018·廣州市調(diào)研測試)China has been the birthplace of many of the world's greatest inventions.It was，for example，the first country to produce paper money.Before the invention of paper money and coins，people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling. 6 This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering. 7 In 1200 BC，people in China began to use shells (貝殼)as money.Usually the shells used as money were very small. This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances，and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country.In the years which followed this invention，many other countries around the world began to do the same. 8 The next development was in 1000 BC，when China started making bronze and copper shells. It wasn't long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal. 9 By 500 BC，metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece，and later in the Roman Empire.About 1,000 years later，leather was used as money in China，and in 806 AD，the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people. 10 APeople also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs.BHowever，as economies developed，such exchanges became impractical.CIt was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.DThey also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.EAs time went by，trade between countries increased.FDuring that time，for example，buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.GThe very first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要按照時間順序講述了中國和世界上其他國家貨幣發(fā)展的歷史。6F根據(jù)空前的“people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling”及空后的“This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering”可知，此處主要講的是“物物交換”，F(xiàn)項中的buying a chicken might cost several potatoes是“物物交換”的一個例子，符合題意，故選F。7B本文第一段講的是“物物交換”；根據(jù)空后的句子可知，第二段講的是“貝殼作為貨幣使用”，故此空的作用是承上啟下。B項中的such exchanges與第一段最后一句中的This exchange相呼應(yīng)，且B項中的However以及impractical表明“物物交換”有局限性，所以出現(xiàn)了更加方便攜帶的貝殼貨幣，故選B。8D根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容及空前的“many other countries around the world began to do the same”可知，許多其他國家也開始這樣做了。to do the same指的就是“也開始用貝殼作為買賣的貨幣”，故D項“他們也使用小貝殼作為貨幣進行買賣”符合題意，故選D。9G根據(jù)空前的句子可知，中國出現(xiàn)了金屬制成的圓形錢幣；根據(jù)空后的句子可知，到公元前500年這種金屬錢幣開始在其他國家出現(xiàn)。故空處應(yīng)是解釋這種金屬錢幣在其他國家出現(xiàn)的原因，故選G項“這種首次出現(xiàn)的錢幣上通常有孔以便人們把它們串起來”。10C根據(jù)空前的句子可知，此處講到了紙幣首先由中國人創(chuàng)造，故C項“很多年后紙幣才出現(xiàn)在歐洲”與此處銜接緊密，故選C。 C(2018·呼和浩特市調(diào)研考試)How to Calm Down at WorkThe workplace can be a stressful place.Anxiety，conflict，bad management and overwork can lead to frustration and stress. 11 Keep something you like to look at within sight.A photo of a loved one or a favorite personal souvenir is the best example.Keep such an item somewhere you can glance at it whenever you wish to do so. 12 Take a moment to engage in exercise.If you're unable to leave your work area，stand and stretch for a moment.Muscle tension exercises can also help you calm down. 13 For instance，start by squeezing all of your face muscles as tightly as you can for twenty seconds and slowly releasing them.Write down the reason why you are upset. 14 Getting your thoughts and feelings out on paper can help clarify the issue you're having.Writing down your thoughts can even help you determine the best way to address your frustration or anxiety and move forward. 15 If you and another co-worker are constantly frustrated with one another，set up a time to speak with him or her.Say something like，“Hey，Sarah，let's sit down sometime soon and chat to make sure we're on the same page about our upcoming project.”ATurn to your workmates for help.BCommunicate with your workmates.CA vase of flowers on your desk is another good example.DFocus on one particular muscle or muscle group at a time.EHere are the steps you can take to help you calm down at work.FEngage your body by rolling your head，shoulder，and ankles while sitting.GThe best way to figure out exactly what's bothering you is to write it down.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了能幫助人在工作中鎮(zhèn)靜下來的一些方法。11E上文說工作場所可能是一個充滿壓力的地方，憂慮、沖突、糟糕的管理和過度工作可能會導(dǎo)致沮喪和壓力。E項“這兒就有一些你可以采納來幫助你在工作中鎮(zhèn)靜下來的措施”與上文語義銜接且符合下文的敘述，故選E。12C本段主要敘述的是放一些你喜歡的東西在視力范圍內(nèi)，而C項說在桌上放一瓶花就是另外一個好的例子，承接上文，故選C。13D上文說肌肉伸展訓(xùn)練能夠幫助你鎮(zhèn)靜下來，而D項說一次關(guān)注一個特定(部位)的肌肉或肌肉群，前后語義銜接，故選D。14G上文說寫下你沮喪的原因，而G項說準(zhǔn)確地弄清使你煩惱的原因的最好方法就是把它寫下來，與上文邏輯一致，故選G?？涨暗膚rite down也是提示詞。15B根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處為段落主題句。本段講的是如果你和你的同事一直對彼此感到失望，那就找些時間和你的同事交流一下。B項“與你的同事交流”概括準(zhǔn)確，故選B。D(2018·南寧二中、柳州高中兩校聯(lián)考)Good Money HabitsIt's the right time for a financial plan.Most plans are made in extreme excitementwhen you get a pay rise，or after reading a self-help book. 16 Here are some tips that will help you stay the course all year round.Take baby steps.The other day a colleague said，“ I have decided to wake up at 6：30 am.，starting tomorrow.”But she usually woke up at 8：30.Two hours earlier is a difficult task.After a few days I asked her how she was progressing.Her disappointed smile said it all. 17 If she had considered pushing the clock by 5 minutes every 10 days，she'd reach her 6：30 am.goal in eight months.Get the idea? Now simply replace time with savings.Tell apart a plan from a habit.We made plans with a conscious mind，and habits are formed so that eventually they are dealt with by our subconscious mind；and they stick.So don't be in a rush to invest(投資)your money.Go with a systematic investment plan (SIP)of a mutual fund or start a recurring deposit (RD)As human beings，we want to progress. 18 Get your family's support. 19 If your daughter knows that she can only eat out one weekend a month because you are putting money away for a European trip in 2018，she will be much more cooperative and feel she is a part of the decision. 20 Link your investment to a particular financial goal；your commitment to it will be stronger.A client decided to open a RD，but she seemed directionless about the investment.Once we suggested that she link it to her daughter's education fund，she immediately increased the amount she was investing.When you name your investment，the goal takes on a greater meaning.AGive your goal a meaning.BBut soon the charm dies down，and so does the enthusiasm.CIt's a good idea to involve your family in your financial plan.DLook at them as a promise to yourself，a promise that needs to be honored.EI suggested that she set her alarm for 5 minutes before her regular time.FIf you know this well in advance，you are less likely to buy an expensive mobile phone on an urge.GOnce a habit is formed，we want to move ahead and will most probably increase the investment amount without any encouragement.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了如何養(yǎng)成良好的理財習(xí)慣。16B空處上文提到是時候做個理財計劃了，但是很多計劃是在極度興奮的情況下做出的；空處下文提到下文是一些幫助你堅持自己的計劃的建議，因此可知，B項“但是很快(計劃的)魅力逐漸消失，熱情也是如此”符合語境。17E本句承上啟下?？涨爸v作者看到一位同事失望的表情；且根據(jù)空后的“如果她考慮每隔十天把鬧鐘提前五分鐘的話”可知，空處就是作者的建議，因此E項與此處匹配。18G根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題Tell apart a plan from a habit可知，本段講要區(qū)分開計劃和習(xí)慣，G項“一旦形成一個習(xí)慣，我們就想前進，并且不用任何激勵就很可能提升投資量”符合語境。G項中的move ahead也與progress呼應(yīng)。19C根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題Get your family's support和空后的If your daughter knows可推知，此處表示“讓家人加入到理財計劃中是個好主意”，故C項與此處匹配。20A本空為段落標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文的a particular financial goal及所舉例子可知，有了理財目標(biāo)還不夠，需要給它一個意義。因此A項能夠概括該段。 EAre you happy? There are so many factors to consider when answering that question.But here we are going to focus on the four things you can do to improve your happiness. 21 Humans have evolved to focus on the negative(消極的)If we overlearn a bad situation，we're more ready to avoid those situations in the future.But，that isn't always helpful in a modern world.When something bad happens，we tend to overanalyze and have trouble getting our mind off it. 22 A little self-investigation (自我調(diào)查)can help us get over the thoughts that just won't leave our heads otherwise.Forgive yourself.If you're sympathetic and supportive of other people，why shouldn't you give yourself the same treatment? This can be a difficult concept for those who beat themselves up when they failed to do something.Try writing yourself a letter of sympathy just as you would do to a neighbor or friend who had experienced a hardship. 23 Money helps，but only to a point.A study from a few years ago clearly named the amount of money at which happiness reaches the highest point: $75,000 per year. 24 Studies have shown this is possible in every type of job.Buy more time.If given the choice between buying material things and buying services that save your time，you might want to think about the timesavers.Researchers found that people who spent money on conveniences like ordering takeout for dinner or getting a cab were happier than those who didn't. 25 Yes，this is permission to order a pizza for dinner tonight.ADefeat your negative thinking.BTo help others is to help yourself.CIf you can afford it，buy yourself some extra.DThe concept is the same，only the receiver is you.EThe trick to avoiding terrible things is to challenge our negative thoughts.FHappiness is fair to everyone and the key to this is how you understand it.GA more helpful way to look at this idea is to find purpose and meaning at work.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。幸福是每個人所追求的，但得到幸福是不易的，本文從幾個方面介紹了人們可以獲得幸福的小法則。21A根據(jù)空處的位置可知，此處應(yīng)是小標(biāo)題，第二段主要介紹了要克服對負面的過度關(guān)注，人們才能獲得幸福，因此A項Defeat your negative thinking符合語境。22E根據(jù)空處前一句和空處后一句介紹擺脫這些消極想法的方法可知，E項“避開這些糟糕事情的竅門在于去挑戰(zhàn)我們的消極思想”符合語境。23D根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題可知，本段主要講的是對自己適當(dāng)寬容一些，再根據(jù)空處前一句可知，此處是在說像對待他人一樣，給自己寫一封慰問信，而D項與該段落主旨吻合。24G根據(jù)該段小標(biāo)題以及本段中的最后一句可知G項符合語境。另外，G項中的work和最后一句中的job相呼應(yīng)，也是提示。25C本段主要圍繞為能節(jié)省時間的服務(wù)付錢，能讓自己擁有更多的時間，C項表示如果你能負擔(dān)得起這種服務(wù)，給自己買回更多的時間吧，與主旨吻合。7