2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 寫作中的高級表達 妙記11 用途各異的被動語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、倍數(shù)和比較句型學(xué)案

妙記11 用途各異的被動語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、倍數(shù)和比較句型被動語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、倍數(shù)和比較句型等在書面表達中都屬于高級句式，它們的合理運用都能給文章增色添彩。一、用英文思維的被動語態(tài)英文中被動語態(tài)的使用比漢語更多、更普遍。一般說來，當強調(diào)動作的承受者、不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者或執(zhí)行者不明確時，多用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)因為更突出客觀事實而被廣泛使用。所以同學(xué)們在寫作時也應(yīng)該注意多用被動語態(tài)，以贏得更高的分數(shù)。1主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)We can borrow at most five books at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.2寫作中常見的被動語態(tài)(1)be過去分詞(be可使用各種時態(tài))The exhibition will be held from 9：00 am to 5：00 pm the day after tomorrow in the art gallery.(2017·全國卷書面表達)展覽將于后天上午9時至下午5時在美術(shù)館舉行。Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.(2014·江蘇高考書面表達)當今，越來越多的英語詞匯正在漢語中使用。(2)情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.為了提高空氣質(zhì)量，應(yīng)該減少使用私家車。As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.正如從表中所看到的，如今在中國擁有手機的人越來越多。(3)get過去分詞The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.(2014·北京高考滿分作文)通往存車處的入口太小了，經(jīng)常堵車。I'm feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because my left foot got injured.(2014·北京高考滿分作文)我很抱歉地告訴你我不得不改變我們七月份去云南旅游的計劃，因為我的左腳受傷了。即時演練句型轉(zhuǎn)換(主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài))1Above all, we must do something to stop pollution.Above_all,_something_must_be_done_to_stop_pollution.2It is true that many things determine our future.It_is_true_that_our_future_is_determined_by_many_things.3The boss made him work all day long.He_was_made_to_work_all_day_long.4I suggest that you (should) make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.It_is_suggested_that_you_(should)_make_friends_with_people_having_different_characteristics_or_backgrounds.二、委婉動聽的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是高中階段較難掌握的句型之一，在運用時要注意表達的準確性。在高考作文中，不常需要表達不可能實現(xiàn)的非真實條件，而一般表達要求、愿望或者強調(diào)論述觀點的客觀性。1陳述語氣變虛擬語氣I didn't take his advice, so I failed in the exam. If I had taken his advice, I wouldn't have failed in the exam.It's time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals.It's time that we took/should take measures to protect endangered animals.2寫作中常見的虛擬語氣(1)if型虛擬語氣，“如果，就”Secondly, if I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.(2014·安徽高考滿分作文)第二，如果我是你，我會在傍晚和朋友一起散步。(2)wish型虛擬語氣，“希望”Besides, I wish there wouldn't be too many students in a class.(2014·全國卷書面表達)另外，我希望一個班不會有太多的學(xué)生。(3)as if/though型虛擬語氣，“好像”Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if/though they had just happened.童年的一切一下子涌入我的腦海中，仿佛剛剛發(fā)生似的。(4)if only型虛擬語氣，“要是就好了；但愿”If only I could go back and reset my goals.(2015·重慶高考寫作)要是我能夠回到過去重新制訂目標該有多好。(5)It's (high/about) time (that) .型虛擬語氣，“是的時候了”It is high time that both children and parents took/should take actions to make some changes.(2013·福建高考滿分作文)確實到了孩子和父母行動起來做出一些改變的時候了。(6)(should) do型虛擬語氣，“應(yīng)該”To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest you (should) practice with Chinese people.(2015·四川高考滿分作文)為了掌握普通話，我強烈建議你和中國人一起練習(xí)。(7)without/but for/but that含蓄型虛擬語氣，“沒有，要不是”Without your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.要是沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項任務(wù)。即時演練 用虛擬語氣補全句子1看我現(xiàn)在所處的糟糕境地！要是我聽了你的建議就好了！Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I_had_taken_your_advice!2如果她早到五分鐘，她就會看見她的老朋友了。If_she_had_been_here_five_minutes_earlier/Had_she_been_here_five_minutes_earlier,_she would have seen her old friend.3建議每個人都應(yīng)該多吃水果和蔬菜。It is suggested that everyone_(should)_eat more fruit and vegetables.4如果當時聽我的勸告，你現(xiàn)在就不會有麻煩了。If you had_taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.5是我們該下定決心努力學(xué)習(xí)的時候了。It's high time that we_made/should_make_up_our_minds to study hard.三、不比不知道的倍數(shù)和比較句型表示倍數(shù)和比較的句型相對較多，在寫作中靈活運用這些句型有利于提高表達的準確性，提升文章的檔次。1倍數(shù)as形容詞/副詞原級(名詞)asAfter the new technique was introduced, the production of cars this year is twice as much as that of last year.引進新技術(shù)后，今年汽車的產(chǎn)量是去年的兩倍。2the比較級 .，the比較級 .“越，就越”The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.(2015·廣東高考滿分作文)老師做得越少，學(xué)生就做得越多，他們學(xué)會的就越多。3比較級thanany (other)名詞單數(shù) .“比任何其他的都”Mike is more hard­working than any other student in the class.邁克比班里其他的任何一個同學(xué)都勤奮。4prefer . to .“喜歡勝過”As for “wild release” and “controlled release”， I prefer the latter one to the former one.(2015·重慶高考滿分作文)對于自由分享和定向分享，我喜歡后者勝過前者。5be senior/junior to “比年長/年齡??；(地位或級別等)比高/低”Mr. Liu is three years senior to me, and he is also senior to me in our company.劉先生比我大三歲，在公司里級別也比我高。即時演練用倍數(shù)和比較句型補全句子1我們的城市已經(jīng)發(fā)展成了一個大城市，是原來的四倍大。Our city has developed into a big one, which is four_times_as_big as it used to be.2中國比亞洲的任何一個其他的國家都大，也比非洲的任何一個國家都大。China is larger_than_any_other country in Asia and also larger than any country in Africa.3你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，取得的進步就越大。The_harder you work, the_greater_progress you will make.- 5 -