（通用版）2019高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第三板塊 語法填空與短文改錯(cuò) NO.2 再研考點(diǎn) 第二層級(jí) 第四講 狀語從句講義

第四講狀語從句一、明備考方向語法填空常考點(diǎn)短文改錯(cuò)?？键c(diǎn)寫作常用句式1.when, while, as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別；2.名詞詞組the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作連詞，引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；3.before和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的用法以及常見的幾個(gè)句型；4.till和until的用法；5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法；6.結(jié)果狀語從句中“so .that”與“such .that”的區(qū)別；7.條件狀語從句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引導(dǎo)詞的用法；8.“疑問詞­ever”和“no matter疑問詞”引導(dǎo)從句的用法；9.where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句；10.與祈使句、定語從句、名詞性從句、倒裝句以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的混合考查。1.if與although/though的誤用；2.unless與until的誤用；3.when與until的誤用；4.when與since的誤用；5.although/though與because的誤用；6.although/though與but的誤用；7.after與while/when的誤用；8.since與though/although的誤用；9.after與since的誤用；10.when與where的誤用。1.表示“一就”的句式(1)the moment/the minute/the instant .，主句(2)no sooner . than ./hardly .when .(3)as soon as .主句2.not . until .“直到才”3.It will be/was一段時(shí)間before .“過(時(shí)間)才”4.It is/has been一段時(shí)間since從句“自從以來多長時(shí)間了”5.every time/each time .“每次”6.so .that ./such .that .“如此以至于”二、攻重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)(一)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞及重點(diǎn)句式1引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as, no sooner .than, hardly/scarcely .when, immediately, instantly, the moment, every/each time等。2在掌握時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，要注意以下幾個(gè)重點(diǎn)句式：(1)not .until .“直到才”(2)Itwill be/was一段時(shí)間before . “過(時(shí)間)才”(3)Itis/has been一段時(shí)間since . “自從以來多長時(shí)間了”(4)Itwasnot long before .“不久就”(5)No soonerhad主語過去分詞 .than .(正常語序：主語had no sooner過去分詞than .) “一就”(6)Hardly/Scarcelyhad主語過去分詞 .when . (正常語序：主語had hardly/scarcely過去分詞when .)“一就”When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里時(shí)，星期天常到海濱去。Please don't talk so loud while others are working.在別人工作的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)別這么大聲音說話。It was some time before I realized the truth.過了很長一段時(shí)間我才悟出真相。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他剛完成演講學(xué)生們就開始?xì)g呼起來。(二)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：if, unless(除非), as long as/so long as(只要), in case(以防，萬一), only if(要是就好了), on condition that, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing (that)等。1if和unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。if表示正面的條件，意為“如果”；unless(if .not)表示反面的條件，意為“除非，如果不”。If we go on polluting the environment, the earth won't be fit for us to live in.如果我們繼續(xù)污染環(huán)境，地球?qū)⒉辉龠m合我們居住。You'll fail the exam unless you study hard(if you don't study hard)除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你考試會(huì)不及格。2in case, on condition that, providing (that), provided (that), supposing (that), suppose (that)等詞匯意思相近，意為“萬一，假使，假如，在條件下”。In case there is a fire, what will we do first?萬一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，我們首先要做什么？Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他們拒絕了我們，我們還能求助于誰？They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.他們同意把車借給我們，條件是我們?cè)谥苣┣皻w還。3as long as(so long as)引導(dǎo)語氣強(qiáng)烈的條件狀語從句，意為“只要”。As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，就會(huì)成功。(三)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：because, as, since(既然，因?yàn)?，now (that)(既然), seeing (that), in that等。1because語氣最強(qiáng)，表示必然的因果關(guān)系，用來回答why的提問；2since語氣稍弱，表示對(duì)方已知的原因或事實(shí)，意為“既然；因?yàn)?；由于”，相?dāng)于now (that)；3as語氣最弱，往往不是明顯的原因，只是對(duì)結(jié)果的附帶說明。I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.因?yàn)槲也×?，所以我缺席了這次會(huì)議。As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.由于在下雨，我們不去公園了。Now (that)/Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都在這里，我們開始開會(huì)吧。(四)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有：although, though, as, even if/though(盡管，即使), while(然而), whether . or (not), however, whatever, whoever, no matter how/what/who等。1although/though(盡管，雖然), even if/though(即使)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句although與though兩者意思相同，一般可互換，都可以與yet, still或nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。even if與even though表示“盡管，即使”時(shí)，有退一步設(shè)想的意味。二者引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，可用陳述語氣，也可以用虛擬語氣。Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.雖然正下著大雨，但他們還是繼續(xù)踢足球。Even if/though it is raining, we'll go there.(陳述語氣)即使下雨，我們也要去那里。Even if/though I were busy, I would go.(虛擬語氣)即使忙，我也要去。2as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)倒裝的情況as或though引導(dǎo)的從句放在主句之前時(shí)，常用倒裝語序。從句中的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。若表語是單數(shù)名詞，前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。Child as/though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars.盡管他是個(gè)孩子，但他能說出所有車的名字。Much as/though I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.雖然我很喜歡它，但不會(huì)買，因?yàn)樗F了。3whether .or ./whether .or not(不管還是)；疑問詞­ever與no matter疑問詞(不管；無論)。I have decided to take the job offer, whether it is good or bad.不管好壞，我已經(jīng)決定接受這份工作邀請(qǐng)。Whatever (No matter what) you say, he won't believe you.(讓步狀語從句)無論你說什么，他都不會(huì)相信你。點(diǎn)津：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever既可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。但“no matter疑問詞”不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。You can take whatever you like.(賓語從句)你喜歡什么就可以拿什么。4while也可作從屬連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于although。While it has been more than a year since you taught us English, I've missed you a lot.(2017·天津高考書面表達(dá))盡管你教我們英語才一年多，我真得很想念您。(五)引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句及其他狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有：where, wherever等；引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：so that, in case/for fear (that), in order that等；引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：so . that，such . that, so that等；引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的連詞有： as, as if, as though等；引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞有：as . as, the same as, more than ., no more than, such . as .等。We should go where the country needs us most.我們應(yīng)到國家最需要我們的地方去。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天氣如此晴朗，以至于我們都想去公園。He acted as if nothing had happened.他表現(xiàn)得好像什么也沒發(fā)生。三、練高頻題點(diǎn).語法填空題點(diǎn)全練1(2018·天津高考改編)Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.2(2018·北京高考改編)If we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.3(2017·北京高考改編)If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until/till you figure it out.4(2016·北京高考改編)I really enjoy listening to music because it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.5(2016·天津高考改編) As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.6(2016·浙江高考改編)Although/Though/While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.7(2015·北京高考改編)You won't find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.8(2015·浙江高考改編)Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.9(2015·安徽高考改編)Where he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.10(2015·江蘇高考改編)It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.短文改錯(cuò)題點(diǎn)全練1I had hardly got to the office than my wife phoned me to go back home at once.thanwhen2When asking for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.askingasked3Hot although the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.althoughas/though4A number of high buildings have arisen when there was nothing a year ago but ruins.whenwhere5Leave your key with your neighbor in case of you lock yourself out one day. 去掉of6The police officers in our city work hard in order the rest of us can live a safe life. order后加that7One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away while my daughter heard cries for help.whilewhen8(2018·沈陽質(zhì)檢)I believe the vacation must be fascinating before I finish the exam.beforeafter9As is reported, it is 100 years after Qinghua University was founded.aftersince10Since all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.SinceWhile課堂應(yīng)用體驗(yàn) .完成句子并改寫1無論你是誰，都要遵守規(guī)則。Whoever_you_are,_you must obey the rules. (whoever)No_matter_who_you_are,_you must obey the rules. (用no matter疑問詞改寫)2邁克是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的工人，我們都信任他。Mike is an_honest_worker,_and we all believe in him.Mike is such_an_honest_worker_that we all believe in him.(用such .that改寫)Mike is so_honest_a_worker_that we all believe in him.(用so .that改寫)3為了能看到日出，我們很早就出發(fā)去了山頂。In_order_to_see_the_sunrise,_we started for the peak early.In_order_that_we_might_see_the_sunrise,_we started for the peak early.(改寫成目的狀語從句)4直到你告訴我，我才知道這件事。It was_not_until_you_told_me_that I had any idea of it.Not_until_you_told_me_did_I_have any idea of it.(改為倒裝句) 5我們一到車站，火車就離開了。We had_no_sooner_arrived_at_the_station than the train left.No_sooner_had_we_arrived_at_the_station than the train left. (改為倒裝句).語法填空(2018·太原市模擬)I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate _1_ a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.I said hello _2_ him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece of chocolate？” So I did.He was quite _3_ (surprise), but accepted and thanked me.He said that people didn't usually do things like this for _4_ (strange) at least that was what I understood, because he was speaking a really _5_ (usual) dialect, and the train was loud.Then he opened one of his bags and gave me _6_ handful of freshly picked cherries, _7_ (explain) that he had just taken them from his orchard.The cherries were really lovely, better than those in the shops, and I enjoyed them very much.It had been just an impulse (沖動(dòng)) to offer him a piece of chocolate, but if I _8_ (do) so, I would never have tasted those lovely cherries, _9_ I didn't even know he had at the time.Life is about giving and taking, and it's _10_ (general) true that if you give, you will receive.語篇解讀：本文講述了作者在火車上的一次生活經(jīng)歷，以此來啟迪讀者：給予和索取是相互的，給予才會(huì)有回報(bào)。1when考查固定用法。hardly .when .意為“一就”，為固定用法，故用連詞when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。2to考查介詞。say hello to sb.意為“向某人問好”，故填介詞to。3surprised考查形容詞。此處是過去分詞作形容詞，在句子中作表語，修飾人。4strangers考查名詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“陌生人”，應(yīng)用名詞形式stranger，又因stranger是可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有限定詞，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。5unusual考查形容詞。根據(jù)“at least that was what I understood”可推知，老人說的方言很不同尋常。6a考查冠詞。固定搭配a handful of意為“一把”，故填不定冠詞a。7explaining考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。explain和主句謂語動(dòng)詞之間沒有連詞，故空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，且和句子主語he之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式explaining。8had not done考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“I would never have tasted those lovely cherries”可知，空處表示對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)，故用過去完成時(shí)；此處表示“如果我沒有那樣做，我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)品嘗到這些好吃的櫻桃”，應(yīng)用否定形式。9which考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作had的賓語。定語從句的先行詞為cherries。10generally考查副詞。修飾形容詞應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填generally。.短文改錯(cuò)(2018·成都市第一次診斷)During my second month of nursing school, our professors gave us a quiz.I had smoothly finished the others' questions when I got stuck on the last one: “What's the first name of the woman who clean the school？” I had seen, many times, the woman, tall and in her fifty, but how could I know her name? I handed in my paper, leave the last question blankly.After a class ended, one student asked for the answer for the question.The professor said, “As you know, that in your careers you will meet many people.You should respect them and care about them, even you just smile and say hello to them.”答案：第一句：professorsprofessor第二句：others'other; cleancleans第三句：fiftyfifties第四句：leaveleaving; blanklyblank第五句：athe; 第二個(gè)forto第六句：去掉that第七句：even后加if/though9