2020版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語法填空與短文改錯 第一部分 題型解讀 題型二 短文改錯學(xué)案 新人教版

題型二短文改錯一、動詞形式動詞形式的錯誤設(shè)置一般包括以下三個方面：1動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤。2主、謂不一致的錯誤。3非謂語動詞的誤用。典例1Onewasthat.AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.(2019·全國)iswas考查動詞的時態(tài)。整篇文章使用的都是一般過去時，且上文中的“One was that.”用的也是一般過去時，所以最后一句話時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時。這里講述當時做決定時的原因。故將is改為was。典例2Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple，itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.(2019·全國)opensopen不定式作表語，to后用動詞原形。故把opens改為open。requiredrequires后一句考查動詞的時態(tài)。短文的主體時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時。故把required改為requires。典例3Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.(2019·全國)interestinginterested考查形容詞。短語become interested in意為“變得對感興趣”。interesting有趣的，吸引人的，通常描述事物；interested感興趣的，通常描述人的感受。本句主語是人，故把interesting改為interested。典例4IfIsucceedinmanageone，Iwillopenmore.(2019·全國)managemanaging考查非謂詞動詞。succeed in doing sth.成功做某事。名師點津：考生應(yīng)認真分析動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是否正確，是否應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式。尤其要根據(jù)上下文所提供的時間信息(包括明信息：時間狀語；暗信息：上下文語境)仔細推敲，從而確定正確的動詞時態(tài)。同時還需要考慮動詞的及物與不及物以及主謂一致與虛擬語氣。二、名詞的數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯誤設(shè)置一般包括以下三個方面：1可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯用：一般考查錯把復(fù)數(shù)用作單數(shù)，有時也考查錯把單數(shù)用作復(fù)數(shù)。2不可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯用：不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。3可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞混淆：有些詞既可用作可數(shù)名詞也可用作不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)注意具體語境。解題時要理清可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系；記清一些用于固定詞組中名詞的特殊用法。典例5Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly，sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.(2019·全國)playerplayers“player(運動員)”為可數(shù)名詞，所以all(所有的)后需要用player的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將player改為players。典例6SinceIwasakid，IveconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.(2019·全國)jobjobs“job(工作；職業(yè))”為可數(shù)名詞，用different(不同的)修飾時意思為不同種類的工作，應(yīng)該用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將job改為jobs。典例7Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.(2019·全國)citycitiesmany different后跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故把city改為cities。三、注意形和副形容詞和副詞的錯誤設(shè)置一般包括以下兩個方面：1形容詞和副詞的誤用。2原級、比較級和最高級的誤用。典例8Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.(2019·全國)hardlyhard“hard(用力地)”與“hardly(幾乎不)”都為副詞，但是詞義不同。此處表示“我用力把球踢回操場”，故將hardly改為hard。典例9First，Iwantedtobeafireman，whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.(2019·全國)coollycool句中的look為系動詞，系動詞后需用形容詞作表語。故將coolly改為cool。典例10OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019·全國)amazingamazedamazed吃驚的，驚訝的；amazing令人吃驚的，令人驚訝的。v.­ed形容詞說明人的感受，意為“感到的”；v.­ing形容詞描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意為“令人的”，此處說明主語I的感受，故用v.­ed形式的形容詞。典例11WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.(2019·全國)ordinarilyordinary修飾名詞cafe應(yīng)用形容詞。故把ordinarily改為 ordinary。四、代詞的格與數(shù)代詞的錯誤設(shè)置一般包括以下兩個方面：1人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞等。2不定代詞的誤用及混用。典例12Inthecafe，customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.(2019·全國)yourselvesthemselves此處指代主語customers，故把 yourselves改為 themselves。五、介詞短語須關(guān)注介詞的錯誤設(shè)置主要考查介詞短語和習(xí)慣用法的搭配。典例13Iwantmycafetohaveaspecialthemesuchaslike“TangDynasty”(2019·全國)刪除likesuch as和like都表示“例如”，句意重復(fù)。故把like刪除。六、連詞、從句常光顧1連詞but，and，or，because，so的用法錯誤考生應(yīng)認真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如果是并列句或復(fù)合句，要特別注意前后分句或主從句的關(guān)系，確保在意義和結(jié)構(gòu)上通順流暢。典例14Suddenlyafootballfelljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.(2019·全國)butand“足球落下來”與“打到我”兩個動作是順承關(guān)系，不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將but改為and。典例15WhenIstudiedchemistryinhighschool，Ireconsideredmygoalordecidedtobeadoctor.(2019·全國)orandreconsidered my goal和decided to be a doctor之間為順承關(guān)系，并非選擇關(guān)系，故將or改為and。2各大從句細揣摩典例16OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool，Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.(2019·全國)wherewhen本句含有一個定語從句，先行詞為One afternoon，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作時間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。故把where改為when。1(2019·河北唐山?jīng)_刺三)Philwasatravelingsalesmanandheenjoyeddrinkalcoholverymuch.Oneday，hewenttoastrangetownandspendtheeveninginasmallrestaurant.Heddrunkquitealotandhadjustcomeoutoftherestaurantashesawanothermeninthemiddleoftheroad.Theothermanhadbeenintherestaurant，either.AndhehaddrunkevenmorethanPhilhad.Hedobviouslyseensomethingstrangelyintheskybecauseofhewaspointingup.“Excuseme，”themanaskedPhil，“isthatthesunandthemoon？”Phillookedatitforasecondandthensaid，“ImafraidIcanthelphim.Imalsostrangerheremyself.”答案Philwasatravelingsalesmanandheenjoyedalcoholverymuch.Oneday，hewenttoastrangetownandtheeveninginasmallrestaurant.Heddrunkquitealotandhadjustcomeoutoftherestauranthesawanotherinthemiddleoftheroad.Theothermanhadbeenintherestaurant，.AndhehaddrunkevenmorethanPhilhad.Hedobviouslyseensomethingintheskybecauseofhewaspointingup.“Excuseme，”themanaskedPhil，“isthatthesunthemoon？”Phillookedatitforasecondandthensaid，“ImafraidIcanthelp.Imalsostrangerheremyself.”2(2019·遼寧實驗中學(xué)模擬)Ihavelotsofhobbies，likeskating，painting，andsurfingtheInternet，andsoon.Networkisnowwideusedinpeopleslife.Icandosuchthingsasmakingfriends，playinggamesandstudyingonline，thatgreatlyenrichmylife.Networkhaschangedthewayweliveandmakesourlifeeasythanbefore.Skatingisagoodwaytoexerciseanditsbeneficialtoourhealthy，butIlikepaintingbest.Myparentsencouragemeenjoythepaintingprocessandthebeautyofart.Ifmypaintingtechniqueisnotgood，Ireallydevotemetoit.AndItrulybelieveIwouldabsolutelybethepainterinthefuture.答案Ihavelotsofhobbies，likeskating，painting，andsurfingtheInternet，andsoon.Networkisnowusedinpeopleslife.Icandosuchthingsasmakingfriends，playinggamesandstudyingonline，greatlyenrichmylife.Networkhaschangedthewayweliveandmakesourlifethanbefore.Skatingisagoodwaytoexerciseanditsbeneficialtoour，butIlikepaintingbest.Myparentsencouragemeenjoythepaintingprocessandthebeautyofart.mypaintingtechniqueisnotgood，Ireallydevotetoit.AndItrulybelieveIabsolutelybepainterinthefuture.第一處：考查并列賓語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，like.為介賓短語。此處是并列賓語，根據(jù)andsoon可知前面的and是多余的，故去掉。第二處：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處used是動詞，由副詞來修飾，故把wide改為widely。第三處：考查非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞指代前面的整個句子，故把that改為which。第四處：考查比較級。根據(jù)than可知此處應(yīng)用比較級，故把easy改為easier。第五處：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處our是形容詞性物主代詞，修飾名詞，故把healthy改為health。第六處：考查固定搭配。固定搭配：encouragesb.todosth.“鼓勵某人做某事”。故在enjoy前加to。第七處：考查狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處是讓步狀語從句，故把If改為Though/Although/While。第八處：考查固定搭配。固定搭配：devoteoneselfto“致力于，獻身于”。故把devote后面的me改為myself。第九處：考查時態(tài)。由句中的“Itrulybelieveinthefuture”可知句子用一般將來時態(tài)，故把would改為will。第十處：考查不定冠詞。結(jié)合句意可知此處表示“泛指”，又由painter的發(fā)音是以輔音音素開頭的，故把painter前的the改為a。強化練(二)1(2019·山東淄博二模)ItcanbeseenfromthepictureMrLiu，whowearsamask，waswalkinghisdog.Interestingly，hisdogwhichalsowearsamask.Inrecentyear，airpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreseriousinsomeareas，whichhaveledtosevereconsequences.Tosolvethisproblem，firstlyofall，weshouldraisethepublicawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.Secondly，thegovernmentoughttopunishtheillegalactspollutingtheenvironmentsevere.Thirdly，wemustdoourbesttoprotectingtheenvironmentinourdailylife.Onlyinthiswaycanhumanbeingsandanimalsshareapleasantplanetorliveahappylife.答案ItcanbeseenfromthepictureMrLiu，whowearsamask，walkinghisdog.Interestingly，hisdogwhichalsowearsamask.Inrecent，airpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreseriousinsomeareas，whichledtosevereconsequences.Tosolvethisproblem，ofall，weshouldraisethepublicawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.Secondly，thegovernmentoughttopunishtheillegalactspollutingtheenvironment.Thirdly，wemustdoourbesttotheenvironmentinourdailylife.Onlyinthiswaycanhumanbeingsandanimalsshareapleasantplanetliveahappylife.2(2019·安徽師大附中檢測)Mymomanddadaregreatcooks，butIalwaysenjoystayingathomeandhavingdeliciousfood.IrememberedwhenIwasaboutsix，allthekidsinmyneighborhoodwantedhamburgersandchips，butsomedidnthavemoneytobuyit.Somyfathertriedtomakesomeontheweekendandaskedthemeatatmyhomeforthefree.Thekidswereveryhappier.Ithelpedmemakelotsoffriend.NowIoftencookingformyparents，andtheylikemydishes，either.Itsreallyrelaxingtositaroundatableformyparents，eatingandtalkingtogether.答案Mymomanddadaregreatcooks，Ialwaysenjoystayingathomeandhavingdeliciousfood.IwhenIwasaboutsix，allthekidsinmyneighborhoodwantedhamburgersandchips，butsomedidnthavemoneytobuy.Somyfathertriedtomakesomeontheweekendandaskedthemeatatmyhomeforthefree.Thekidswerevery.Ithelpedmemakelotsof.NowIoftenformyparents，andtheylikemydishes，.Itsreallyrelaxingtositaroundatablemyparents，eatingandtalkingtogether.3(2019·湖北黃岡模擬)DearMsSmith，Imwritingtoaskwhetheryoucoulddomefavor.Ivejustfinishedanessaynaming“DifferencesbetweentraditionalChineseandWesternfestivals”，soImnotsurewhetheritiswellwritten.Tobehonestly，ImnotthatfamiliarwithsometraditionalWesternfestivals.ThatsbecauseImturningtoyouforhelp.Idappreciateitifyoucouldsparesometimetolookintomyessayforpossiblemistakesandpolishthem.Also，Imlookingforwardtoyourvaluableadvices.Myessayhasbeensendingtoyoualongwiththisemail.Ihopeitwontcauseyoutoomuchmoretrouble.Thankyouinadvance.Yourssincerely，LiHua答案DearMsSmith，Imwritingtoaskwhetheryoucoulddomefavor.Ivejustfinishedanessay“DifferencesbetweentraditionalChineseandWesternfestivals”，Imnotsurewhetheritiswellwritten.Tobe，ImnotthatfamiliarwithsometraditionalWesternfestivals.ThatsImturningtoyouforhelp.Idappreciateitifyoucouldsparesometimetolookmyessayforpossiblemistakesandpolish.Also，Imlookingforwardtoyourvaluable.Myessayhasbeentoyoualongwiththisemail.Ihopeitwontcauseyoutoomuchmoretrouble.Thankyouinadvance.Yourssincerely，LiHua4(2019·河南實驗中學(xué)模擬)Itwasarainandcoldnight.Ifinishmyeveningclassesandwasabouttogobacktomyhouse.Igotintoataxiandtoldthedrivermydestination.Tomysurprise，thedrivermadeanapology，sayshedidntknowtheway.Whatcomeataxidriverdidntknowtheway？Iwasalittleofangry.Atthemoment，anoldcouplestoppedourcar.Theirdestinationwasthesameasme，soheletthemin.Thetwogreetedusbutthegrandpatoldthedrivertheway.FromtheirconversationIknewthedriverwasafarmerandhehasbeenataxidriverjustforthreedays.ImalsonewtoZhengzhou.SometimesImakedirectionmistakes，butthereisalwaysapersoncanhelpme.Itwascoldoutside，butIfeltrealwarm.答案Itwasaandcoldnight.Imyeveningclassesandwasabouttogobacktomyhouse.Igotintoataxiandtoldthedrivermydestination.Tomysurprise，thedrivermadeanapology，hedidneataxidriverdidntknowtheway? Iwasalittleofangry.Atthemoment，anoldcouplestoppedourcar.Theirdestinationwasthesameas，soheletthemin.Thetwogreetedusthegrandpatoldthedrivertheway.FromtheirconversationIknewthedriverwasafarmerandhebeenataxidriverjustforthreedays.ImalsonewtoZhengzhou.SometimesImakedirectionmistakes，butthereisalwaysapersoncanhelpme.Itwascoldoutside，butIfeltwarm.9