備戰(zhàn)2019年高考英語 考點一遍過 考點24 介詞＋關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句（含解析）

考點24 介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句高考頻度：考向一 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句介詞關(guān)系代詞的用法當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，我們通常用介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果指人，用介詞whom；如果指物，用介詞which。 介詞關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用1.一般來說，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：先行詞的意義；從句中的動詞或形容詞與先行詞的固定搭配；句子的意思。Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永遠不會忘記孩童時代我在鄉(xiāng)村度過的時光。2.表示整體和部分關(guān)系，介詞常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后可以用of which/whom。John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.約翰邀請了大約40人參加他的婚禮，他們當(dāng)中絕大部分是家庭成員。3.有時介詞where可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時要和介詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的頭很快從窗口探了出來，從那里除了樹木他什么也看不到。(from where相當(dāng)于from out of the window，而不是from the window)在定語從句中，含介詞的短語動詞不可拆開使用(短語拆開后含義發(fā)生變化)，如look after, look for等。of which / whom有時可以用whose名詞結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫。當(dāng)先行詞為way并且定語從句中缺少狀語時，通常用in which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句(in which或that可省略)；如果定語從句中不缺少狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(that 或which 可省略)。 1.(2017·江蘇卷·單項填空) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【參考答案】C2.（2016 江蘇卷·單項填空）Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【參考答案】C【答案解析】考查定語從句。本題定語從句的先行詞是Many young people，關(guān)系代詞whom指代先行詞，在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語。句意：很多年輕人都前往偏遠地區(qū)追求它們的夢想，其中大部分人都受過良好教育。故C項正確?？枷蚨?定語從句與其他句型的區(qū)別一、限制性定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系詞有跟他們含義相應(yīng)的先行詞，而引導(dǎo)同位語從句時則沒有與他們含義相應(yīng)的先行詞。Sorry, Ive forgot the day when we met for the first time. 抱歉，我記不起我們第一次見面的日子了。（定語從句，先行詞the day 與when含義相應(yīng)）Ive no idea when we met for the first time. 我不知道我們第一次是什么時候見面的。（同位語從句，idea與when沒有任何聯(lián)系） 二、定語從句與時間狀語從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與時間狀語從句的連接詞都是when時，定語從句修飾、限制、說明時間名詞，只能放在先行詞的后面；而時間狀語從句說明動作發(fā)生的情況，并且可以放在主句的前面。Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下課的時間嗎？（定語從句）It was already five oclock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five oclock. 當(dāng)課結(jié)束時，已經(jīng)是五點鐘了。（時間狀語從句）三、定語從句與地點狀語從句的區(qū)別當(dāng)定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與地點狀語從句的連接詞都是where時，定語從句修飾、限制、說明地點名詞；而狀語從句則說明動作發(fā)生的地點，where沒有對應(yīng)的地點名詞或代詞。This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 這就是幾年前我們常居住的地方。（定語從句）Lets go where we can find a better job. 我們到我們能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地點狀語從句）四、定語從句與強調(diào)句型的區(qū)別定語從句對名詞或代詞的修飾和限制，關(guān)系詞可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而強調(diào)句型是對某部分加強語氣，強調(diào)語氣的連接詞只能是that, who，并且句子中的It 沒有任何意義；一般比較明顯，而有時就難以區(qū)別，還需要根據(jù)上下文的語境來判斷。It is a book that he wants.它究竟是強調(diào)句型還是定語從句，就要從語境上來考察。如果它是用來回答What is this / that? 這樣的問題，意思是：它是一本他想要的書。句子顯然是定語從句。如果是用來回答What does he want? 這樣的問題，那么意思是：他想要的是一本書。顯然，句子是強調(diào)句型。五、定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別定語從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中還要作某種成分，因而從句成分不完整；而結(jié)果狀語從句中的連接詞不作任何句子成分，因此句子成分完整。It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書。（定語從句）It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的書，我么大家都喜歡它。（結(jié)果狀語從句）比較：It is such an interesting book that we all like. 強調(diào)句型。意思是：我們大家都喜歡的是一本如此有趣的書。六、定語從句與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別定語從句一般有關(guān)系詞、主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整；而獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有關(guān)系詞、也沒有謂語動詞。The book being very interesting, we all like it. 由于這本書有趣，我們大家都喜歡它。The book which / that is very interesting was published last year. 這本有趣的書是去年出版的。1. He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ were popular. Its the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of _ was a success. A. these；themB. which；whichC. those；whichD. which；them 【參考答案】D2. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when3. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when【參考答案】2. B 3. B【答案解析】定語從句中有表示地點的先行詞，而地點狀語從句中則沒有；定語從句的關(guān)系詞根據(jù)需要可用介詞+which來代替where，而地點狀語從句則通常只能由where引導(dǎo)。因此第2題中無表示地點的先行詞，是表示地點的狀語從句，故填where，第3題中the small town是先行詞，為定語從句，故填where，也可用in which替換。題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.(2017·浙江) Italy, _ has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.2.(2017·北京) If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with _ operation we cannot effectively interfere(干預(yù)), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.3. (2017·北京)This is called “herd immunity”, _ protects the people who get hurt easily, including those _ cant be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on _ the vaccine doesnt work.4.Her performances on the stage were perfect，_ made a lot of people admire her.5.The city was attacked by such terrible weather _ few citizens had ever experienced before.6.A story I read two years ago，_ name I cant remember clearly，changed my idea about education.7.I dont know the reason _ you lied to your parents，but youd better explain.8._ is mentioned above，paper is first made in China.9.A sailor _ has experienced no storm will never become an excellent sailor.10.I often think about the times _ I have felt hurt and insulted by rude remarks from strangers and sometimes from acquaintances.題組二 能力提升I.單項填空1.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.A.with whichB.to whichC.of whichD.for which2.Gun control is a subject_ Americans have argued for a long time.A.of whichB.with whichC.about whichD.into which3.Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company.A.after thatB.after whichC.after itD.after this4.True friendship is like health, the value_is seldom known until it is lost.A.of itB.on whichC.of whomD.of which5.With more than 17 000 islands, _ _only 6 000 are inhabited, Indonesia is the worlds largest archipelago (群島).A.on whichB.for whichC.of whichD.along which6. Pointing to the house on _ roof grew lots of bushes, the old man told me that was _ I would stay.A. its；whatB. whose；whatC. whose；whereD. its；where7. Our special thanks go to thousands of volunteers, without _ tireless work, none of these would be possible.A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. that8. Have you known Jane for long?Not very long, _ we started to serve the World Expo in Milan.A. afterB. beforeC. whenD. sinceII. 語篇填空Do you know the man _1_wrote this book？He was Jason，one of the engineers _2_came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory _3_my father once worked. When he came to China，the first thing _4_ he did was to visit the factory _5_did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason _6_China was so backward in it.Then he spent every minute _7_he could spare to help China develop transportation._8_is mentioned above，Jason was a foreigner _9_made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to _10_we should say thanks.III. 語法填空When you decide youre going to live alone，you get upset. This is _1_(nature). But theres no need to get _2_(worry). Below are some ideas _3_ can help you out.Saving money is _4_ you need to start several months before you move out. You need to save enough money_5_(help) you survive for at least a month in the new place. The _6_(easy) of all ways is to spend less!Search for a place to live in before_7_(move) out. Make sure that the place you choose is in a good location. Besides，you can afford_8_.If youre going to stay in an expensive city，find a roommate so that you can share the expenses.And if you have to live_9_your own for a long time，youll have to look for a parttime job. If youre_10_student，you can work in restaurants，theaters，etc. And dont spend a lot of money in a wasteful way! Try and save every penny of what you earn.題組三體驗真題1.（2016 浙江）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _ has been proved.A. whom B. which C. whatD. that 2.(2015·浙江) Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which3.(2015·重慶) He wrote many children s books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s.A. whom B. which C. them D. that題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.which2.whose3.which, who, whom4.which5.as6.whose7.why8.As9.who10.when題組二 能力提升I.單項填空2.C 【解析】考查動詞短語的辨析。句意：對槍的控制是美國人一直爭論的一個話題。argue about意為爭論；argue with意為和爭論，所以此處應(yīng)用介詞about。故選C。 3.B 【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。在這個非限制性定語從句中，先行詞是Eric received training in computer for one year這件事，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞after的賓語，所以關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用which。故選B。4.D 【解析】考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：真正的友誼猶如健康，直到失去時才知其可貴。此處不能用介詞+指示代詞結(jié)構(gòu)；先行詞為friendship，指物，故不能用whom；此處表示所屬關(guān)系，故介詞只能用of，所以B項不符合句意。故選D?！緶剀疤崾尽勘绢}易誤選A項或者C項。但是考生需要注意,用whom時先行詞應(yīng)指人；如選A,可在逗號后加上連詞and。 5.C 【解析】考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知選C。of which中的which指17 000 islands,17 000 islands為先行詞。6. C 【解析】考查定語從句和表語從句。句意：老人指著那個屋頂上長著許多灌木的房子對我說，那就是我將要待的地方。house是先行詞，與roof是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose引導(dǎo)；that was _ I would stay是told的賓語從句，該從句中that是主語，_ I would stay是表語從句，從句中缺少地點狀語，所以用where引導(dǎo)。7. C 【解析】考查定語從句。句意：我們特別感謝數(shù)以千計的志愿者們，沒有他們不知疲倦的工作，所有這些都不可能做到。volunteers與tireless work是所屬關(guān)系，所以用關(guān)系代詞whose，在從句中作定語。8. D 【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：你認識Jane很久了嗎？認識的時間不長，是從我們開始服務(wù)于米蘭世博會時認識的。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選since，表示自以來，自以后。II. 語篇填空1.who/that2.who/that3.where4.that 5.which/that6.why7.that8.As9.who/that 10.whomIII. 語法填空1.natural【解析】考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)你決定單獨生活時，你變得沮喪，這是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空處作表語，故此處需要用nature的形容詞形式。4.what【解析】考查表語從句。句意：在你搬出去的幾個月之前，你就需要開始存錢。what引導(dǎo)表語從句，并在從句中作賓語。5.to help【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：你需要存足夠的錢，幫助你在新的地方生存至少一個月。此處用動詞不定式作目的狀語。6.easiest【解析】考查最高級。句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花錢。由of all ways可知用最高級。7.moving【解析】考查非謂語動詞。介詞before后跟動詞ing形式。8.it【解析】考查代詞。此處用it指代前面的the place。9.on【解析】考查介詞短語。on ones own單獨，獨自。10.a【解析】考查冠詞。句意：如果你是一名學(xué)生，你能在餐館、劇院等地方工作。此處用不定冠詞a表示泛指一名學(xué)生。題組三體驗真題1.B 【解析】句意：關(guān)于人類為什么哭的時候會流淚，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)提出了很多理論，沒有一個得到證明。此句為定語從句，先行詞是theories，指物，定語從句用代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故選B。2.C 3.B 【解析】句意：他寫了許多兒童書籍，幾乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行詞是books，定語從句中of缺少賓語，故選B項。10