2020版高考英語一輪復習 課時提能練14 The environment（含解析）牛津譯林版

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1、課時提能練(十四) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·陜西省部分學校檢測)I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past.Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era. Recently，I had to change my thinking，when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place，with my two daughters.The

2、place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep(陡的) stairs in order to find an empty table.After enjoying coffee and snacks，we went down the narrow stairs，where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down. Just as I was in the middle of the stairs，a man entere

3、d the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase(樓梯)．I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.I kept coming down as fast as I could.My daughters were already down，looking up at me worriedly，hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking

4、up the stairs，knowing I was a nervous sort. Nearly reaching them，I noticed the man still standing near the door.I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open.I looked back，thinking he was still at the door，deciding whether to go in or find another le

5、ss crowded place.I saw him going up the stairs，two at a time.I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up. Such well-mannered people are hard to find

6、these days when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society.We applauded for his chivalry(彬彬有禮的行為)． 【語篇解讀】　在這個忙碌的現(xiàn)代社會，彬彬有禮、體貼他人的品質變得尤為珍貴。作者講述了自己經歷的一件事情，并贊揚了這種良好的品質。 1．What is the meaning of the underlined word“courtesy”in Paragraph 1? A．A brave action. B．Sacrifice spirit.

7、C．A considerate action. D．Selfish behaviour. C　[詞義猜測題。根據下文故事中的男人為作者讓路并且開門可推測出，這是一種體貼的行為，故選C項。A項意為“勇敢的行為”；B項意為“犧牲精神”；D項意為“自私的行為”。] 2．What did the author think of the man at the first sight of him? A．He was in a hurry. B．He would wait for her. C．He would pass her rudely. D．He was a man with

8、 good manners. C　[細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up”可知，作者本認為這個男人會粗魯?shù)財D開她上樓梯，故選C項。] 3．Why did the author's daughters worry about her? A．She was easy to be nervous. B．She took up too much space. C．She was too old to walk fast. D．She focused too much on the ma

9、n. A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“knowing I was a nervous sort”可知，作者是一個很容易緊張的人，故選A項。] 4．What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4? A．He might be a waiter of the café. B．He might have an urgent business to do. C．He loved a daughter of the author. D．He would hold the door open for all. B　[推理判斷題。根據第四段中

10、的“I saw him going up the stairs，two at a time”可推知，那個男人應該是有急事要做，故選B項。] B (2019·遼寧五校聯(lián)考)A study has shown that nearly 90 percent of traffic accidents are caused by human errors.So our aim is a fully autonomous car that gets rid of the cause of most accidents：the driver.Researcher Hodgson points out，“

11、For safety，the faster you can remove humans，the better，even if there are unfortunately a few accidents from new causes.It's a question of balancing the number injured or killed by autonomous vehicles with the people whose lives are potentially saved.” It's an idea that Elon Musk，CEO of electric car

12、 company Tesla Motors，has long believed.His company is determined to be the first to deliver a fully autonomous vehicle to consumers.Last year，Musk announced that Tesla's 2017 goal was“to do an example drive of full autonomy all the way from LA to New York...and have the car park itself”． However，e

13、ven Tesla admits that there are problems to overcome—the software needs further validation and the appropriate regulatory approval needs to be in place.Indeed，recent crashes of Tesla vehicles and Google cars confirm that the software isn't ready yet. The UK government appears committed to encouragi

14、ng the development of autonomous vehicles.It's supporting four city trials，publishing the Modern Transport Bill to reduce red tape around their introduction and adapting the legal system to take into account problems such as insurance liability when a human isn't in control of a vehicle. The insura

15、nce industry is similarly eager to help increase autonomy in cars.As the Association of British Insurers(ABI) points out，“More than 90 percent of road accidents are caused by human errors.”This costs motor insurers a shocking ￡20 million per day in claims. 【語篇解讀】　這篇文章介紹了一種無人駕駛汽車。由于交通事故主要是由駕駛員的失誤引發(fā)的

16、，這種無人駕駛汽車在某種程度上可以解決交通事故問題。這種想法雖然還需進一步完善，但已經得到了英國政府及保險公司的支持。 5．What difficulty does the company Tesla Motors have? A．New inventions may cause more injuries and deaths. B．The company lacks confidence to make new creations. C．The software should be made officially acceptable. D．The traffic regulat

17、ion has proved unreasonable. C　[細節(jié)理解題。題干中的關鍵詞是difficulty，據此定位到第三段的第一句“However，even Tesla admits that there are problems to overcome—the software needs further validation and the appropriate regulatory approval needs to be in place”由此可知，特斯拉公司還需要解決的問題是相關軟件需要進一步的驗證以及監(jiān)管機構的批準。] 6．What is the UK governm

18、ent's attitude to autonomous cars? A．Ambiguous. 　　　　 B．Positive. C．Cautious. D．Disapproving. B　[推理判斷題。題干中的關鍵詞是the UK government，據此定位到第四段第一句“The UK government appears committed to encouraging the development of autonomous vehicles”即英國政府似乎是在鼓勵無人駕駛汽車的研發(fā)。由此可知，英國政府的態(tài)度是支持的，所以答案是B。] 7．What is the ma

19、in idea of the last paragraph? A．Insurance companies would like to support autonomous cars. B．Human mistakes may be the key cause of traffic accidents. C．Traffic accidents cost insurance companies quite a lot. D．Motorists are surprised to hear about autonomous cars. A　[段落大意題。段落主題通常會出現(xiàn)在段首，由最后一

20、段的首句“The insurance industry is similarly eager to help increase autonomy in cars”可知，保險公司同樣渴望去幫助提高汽車的自動性能。] 8．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To show his deep love for autonomous cars. B．To introduce a new development in technology. C．To amuse readers with funny examples. D．T

21、o provide a persuasive argument against autonomy. B　[作者意圖題。本文重點介紹了一項新技術——研發(fā)無人駕駛汽車，并介紹了尚待解決的相關問題，以及英國政府、保險公司對此項新技術的態(tài)度。] Ⅱ.完形填空 (2019·成都診斷)When Heather McHugh，a poet，won a $500，000“genius grant”from the MacArthur Foundation，she didn't buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. 1 ，she put the money in t

22、he bank and 2 writing poems. In 2011，she finally 3 what to do with it.That year，Heather's godson and his wife 4 their first child，a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled.“I saw how people's 5 can change overnight.I started thinking about people in a 6 situation.”says Heather

23、. She 7 there were millions of caregivers taking care of the chronically(慢性地) ill or disabled.So in 2012，Heather 8 a nonprofit organization offering a seven-day vacation，with all 9 paid，to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years. Tricia was one of the first caregivers to

24、 go on vacation.When Tricia got a call saying she was offered a 10 vacation，she couldn't 11 it；disbelief even 12 her concern about leaving her two kids. Tricia went，and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy the 13 things.“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold.I could g

25、o to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to，”says Tricia.She was afraid the 14 would return when the 15 was over，but to her surprise，it hasn't been back since. Heather says Tricia's 16 resembles those of the other ten caregivers she helps every year.“Before the vacation th

26、ey are so 17 ，but the 18 is so amazing.They reflect and relax.It feels 19 like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another 20 ．”she adds. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。Heather McHugh利用自己的五十萬美元獎金建立非營利組織，為照顧慢性病患者和殘疾人的護理員提供免費休假，讓他們到新的環(huán)境中，從不一樣的角度來看待他們的人生。 1．A.However 　　　 B

27、．Therefore C．Instead D．Besides C　[根據空處前一句中的“she didn't buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris”可知，在獲得了五十萬美元的獎金后，她并沒有購買汽車或去旅游；結合該句中的“she put the money in the bank”可知，反而，她將這些錢存入銀行。C項意為“而是，反而”，符合語境；however“然而”；therefore“因此”；besides“此外”。] 2．A.continued B．quitted C．practiced D．started A　[根據前一句中的“

28、a poet”，結合該句中的“she put the money in the bank and writing poems”可知，她(這位詩人)獲獎后，將獎金存進銀行，繼續(xù)(continue)寫詩。quit“停止”；practice“實踐，訓練”。] 3．A.thought over B．wondered C．talked about D．decided D　[根據下文中的“Heather a nonprofit organization offering a seven-day vacation”可知，此處表示在2011年，她終于決定如何

29、使用這筆錢。think over“仔細考慮”；wonder“想知道，好奇”；talk about“談到，談論”；decide“決定”符合語境。] 4．A.held B．welcomed C．lost D．saved B　[Heather的教子和他的妻子迎來了他們的第一個孩子，那是一個漂亮的女嬰，但是有嚴重的殘疾。hold意為“握著，舉行“；lose意為“失去”；save意為“拯救，節(jié)約”；welcome“迎接”符合語境。] 5．A.feelings B．future C．lives D．routine C　[根據語境，并結合上文中提到的Heather的教

30、子和他的妻子生下了一個殘疾的女嬰可知，Heather看到了人的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之間發(fā)生改變的。routine“慣例，常規(guī)”。] 6．A.different B．similar C．worse D．better B　[根據上文提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一個殘疾女嬰并且Heather看到了人的生活是如何在一夜之間發(fā)生改變的可知，Heather開始關注那些有相似(similar)境遇的人。] 7．A.discovered B．claimed C．admitted D．felt A　[她發(fā)現(xiàn)有數(shù)百萬照顧慢性病患者和殘疾人的護理員。cl

31、aim“宣稱；斷言”；admit“承認”；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。] 8．A.donated B．found C．visited D．formed D　[因此Heather在2012年建立了一個非營利組織，為那些成為護理員至少十年的人提供七天免費(free)休假。form“建立，組成”符合語境。donate“捐贈”；find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；visit“參觀”。] 9．A.taxes B．salary C．expenses D．rent C　[參見上題解析。tax“稅”；salary“薪水”；rent“租金”；expense“花費”符合語境。] 10．A.free

32、 B．caring C．short D．long A　[參見8題解析。free“免費的”。] 11．A.believe B．take C．refuse D．enjoy A　[根據空后的“disbelief”可知，Tricia不相信她獲得了一個免費休假這件事。A項意為“相信”，符合語境。] 12．A.woke B．defeated C．showed D．moved B　[根據下一段中的“Tricia went，and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy...”可知，Tricia接受

33、了免費休假這件事情，由此可知，她對免費休假的懷疑(和向往)打敗(defeated)了對于留下孩子們的擔憂。wake“醒來”；show“展示”；move“移動”。] 13．A.wonderful B．delicious C．peaceful D．simple D　[根據空后的“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold.I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to”可知，Tricia在度假時所做的事情都是很普通、很簡單的(simple)事情。wond

34、erful“精彩的，極棒的”；delicious“美味的”；peaceful“平靜的，和平的”。] 14．A.heaviness B．pain C．sadness D．disbelief A　[她擔心度假結束后，自己的生活會回歸以前的沉悶，但出乎她意料的是后來的生活并沒有回到從前。根據上文可知，Tricia是一個護理員，平時的工作都是照顧病人，生活少有放松的時候，故heaviness“沉悶”符合語境。pain“傷痛”；sadness“傷心，悲傷”；disbelief“懷疑，不信任”。] 15．A.entertainment B．dream C．vacation D

35、．freedom C　[根據第四段第一句“Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation”可知選C。] 16．A.comment B．story C．surprise D．fortune B　[上文講述的是Tricia享受免費休假的故事，故B項story“故事”符合語境。] 17．A.worried B．confused C．unexpected D．stressed D　[根據上文提到的Tricia擔心度假結束后自己的生活會回歸以前的沉悶可知，D項“stressed”符合語境。] 18．A

36、.award B．change C．scenery D．accommodation B　[根據上文可知，其他看護人員和Tricia一樣，在度假前他們的生活較為沉悶；結合后一句“They reflect and relax”可知，在度假之后，他們變得很放松。據此可知，這樣的改變令人驚訝。change意為“改變”，符合語境，故B項正確。award“獎”；scenery“風景”；accommodation“住宿”。] 19．A.slightly B．interestingly C．magically D．mostly C　[這神奇地(magically)像是另外一個世界，并且給了他們一個從另一個角度(angle)看待他們的生活的機會。slightly“輕微地”；interestingly“有趣地”；mostly“大多地”；magically“魔法般地”符合語境。] 20．A.place B．situation C．height D．angle D　[參見上題解析。] - 8 -