2020年高考英語 專題八 七選五說明類專練（含解析）

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1、專題八 七選五說明類專練 （90分鐘 100分） 考點(diǎn)01：冠詞 3顆星 考點(diǎn)03：介詞和介詞短語 2顆星 考點(diǎn)04: 名詞 3顆星 考點(diǎn)06：形容詞和副詞 5顆星 考點(diǎn)08：非謂語動(dòng)詞 5顆星 考點(diǎn)09：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 5顆星 考點(diǎn)10：定語從句 3顆星 考點(diǎn)12 并列連詞 4顆星 考點(diǎn)13 狀語從句 3顆星 考點(diǎn)24：七選五說明文專練 5顆星 第I卷（選擇題）（每題2分，共40分） 一．七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 A（考點(diǎn)24中難） The USA is a

2、 society formed by many different immigrant cultures that produced a new and mixed culture. Most Americans celebrate different customs which started in other countries and start several new traditions and cultures.①__________ ?②__________?They tend to live independently, and communicate directly, h

3、onestly and informally with their families, friends and colleagues. Americans always keep advancing with the times.?③__________??In America, it is relatively common for both parents to work, and American women are equal partners in marriage. In the USA, the most common family unit consists of the

4、parents and children living under one roof. Most American children are taught to compete, through organized sports and education, as well as speak out their minds and have confidence to stand up for what they believe in.④__________?Many immigrant families also feature several generations living unde

5、r one roof, with younger family members respecting the elders’ needs and valuing their opinions. When people from different cultures get married and have children, they may have issues when it comes to maintaining their unique traditions and mixing shared customs at the same time.?⑤__________?Howev

6、er, with a little effort, children in these families can benefit from having both outlooks and traditions. Children who are raised bilingually can also benefit in future careers and learn to make decisions better than monolingual kids. A.Many Americans find happy life is important. B.They are also

7、 taught to respect their parents at all costs. C.It can be a challenge to find the perfect balance between cultures. D.According to socialists, the American family culture has many unique aspects. E.American children refuse to follow their parents’ advice and always argue with them. F.Changing r

8、ather than sticking to tradition is considered by many Americans as improvement. G.The difference is easy to deal with if parents can meet halfway and stand in the other’s shoes. B（考點(diǎn)24中難） I?still remember my first time going to the Chinese company's canteen. When I stepped onto the elevator, ea

9、ch one was full of people.?①___________ However, there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking. I followed the flow of the crowd to the doors of the canteen. It occurred to me that in China everyone has lunch almost at the same time.?②___________ The canteen followed this schedule

10、, only being open a few hours per day. ??? When I stood in the doorway, I realized I had to act fast or I would be left behind.?③___________ Unlike my school ?lunchroom, here everyone lined up and took a tray, and instead of silverware there were chopsticks and soup spoons. ??? As I was pushed al

11、ong the line, I saw dishes I didn't recognize and as people cut in line and picked up dishes left and right,?④___________ I ended up taking a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad. ??? I have been at my company for over a year and a half.?⑤___________ I have learned what dishes I like, mostly b

12、y trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say hello to me. ??? I am still getting used to eating lunch at "lunchtime", but I think the schedule definitely helps keep me on track during the day.?I wish there were something like this at offices in my hometown. A.?I thought I had missed

13、 a fire drill. B.?There was no emergency; it was just lunchtime. C.?I noticed things at lunchtime were a bit different. D.?I felt that I needed to make some quick decisions. E.?The canteen reminded me of my school lunchroom. F.?And now I am glad to say I am more confident in the canteen. G.?I

14、was not very familiar with the local food or restaurants in China. C（考點(diǎn)24中難） Earth is home to around 7,000 languages, around half of which are expected to disappear by2100. Languages disappear for many reasons. Sometimes younger generations stop leaming a language because parents want children to

15、 fit in.?①__________?Native American children of the late-19th century were required to attend boarding schools where educators forbade them from speaking their native languages. The United Nations ranks endangered languages according to their risk level. For example, a "critically endangered"? lan

16、guage is one that even grandparents don ' t speak often. New York ' s Onondaga language is an example with only 50 speakers left. An " extinct"? language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak language is one example.?②__________ ③__________?In the same way, different languages contri

17、bute to cultural diversity. Saving these languages benefits our understanding of other cultures. Languages can show how a society looks at the world? and? what? it? values. A? language? may? describe? something? in? a way? that? is? funny , too.? In? Welsh , it rains not cats? and dogs , but old wi

18、ves and walking sticks. The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing.?④__________ However,its efforts are limited. If an endangered language is going to make a real comeback, it ' ll probably get its start in schools. For nearly 100 years, public schools in Hawaii did

19、 not teach the?Hawaiian language. Now students can keep learning in Hawaiian from elementary schools to college and beyond. ⑤__________?At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official lan

20、guages of the country of Israel,with more than 4 million speakers. A. The last person who spoke it died in 2008. B. Why should we save endangered languages? C. Various animals and plants benefit our environment. D. With just 5 speakers left,it is absolutely endangered. E. Can a language with ze

21、ro native speakers come back to life? F. Sometimes societies force minorities to give up their language. G. The nonprofit group finds native speakers and records their stories. D（考點(diǎn)24中難） Long, long ago people couldn't write and they had no books. But they had stories. People learned the stories

22、 by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimes it was hard to remember them all. ①________ The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus (紙莎草）plants. People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians.②_______So parchment (羊皮紙)，made from goatskin， l

23、ater took its place. In ancient China, books looked a little different. At that time, people there used ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees，paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment.③________Papermaking later spread to the West, but there

24、 was a big problem with these early books. Every single one had to be copied and written by hand. ④______They carved (雕刻）a page of word's into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper. But it wasn't until a German pr

25、inter invented movable, metal letters that books became fast and easy to make. The letters could be used to print copy after copy, and the letters put together again and again to print different pages of words. ⑤_______ Once a luxury (奢侈品）only the rich could buy. it soon became a treasure everyone

26、could enjoy, A.But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt. B.It took years to finish making just one book. C.Finally books could be printed by the thousands. D.Things grew a little easier when writing was invented. E.Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too. F.Books in the West didn't change for

27、 a long time after that. G.The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little. 第II卷（非選擇題）（每題1.5分，共60分） 語法填空 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 （1） ???Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone’s life.①__________is very difficult to find a better definition

28、(定義) of friendship. A true friend is the person?②__________考點(diǎn)10 can share all our sadness and double all our happiness. In time of trial(嘗試) , he or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort. ???Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very ③__________考點(diǎn)06 (care) wit

29、h our choice of a friend. We should?④__________(choice) those people with a good character as our friends, but we must try to avoid?⑤__________考點(diǎn)08 (make) friends with a bad man. Besides, we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much?⑥__________?possible. ???A true friend can alway

30、s ⑦_(dá)_________考點(diǎn)09 (trust), loved and respected. If you tell a friend your secrets, he or she will not tell others. Friends share their joys ⑧__________考點(diǎn)12 unhappiness. They help each other when? they? are ⑨__________考點(diǎn)03 trouble,? and? cheer? each? other? up? when? they? are? sad.?⑩__________考點(diǎn)01 m

31、ost important thing is that a friend always understands you. In conclusion, when you have made a good friend, don’t forget him or her. （2） The British Museum, ①___________考點(diǎn)08 (locate) in the Bloomsbury area of London, is the first national public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture

32、. Its permanent collection numbers some 8 million works, making it one of the largest in ②___________ 考點(diǎn)04 (exist). It has been ③___________ 考點(diǎn)06 (wide) sourced , documenting the story of human culture ④___________ 考點(diǎn)03 its beginnings to the present. As with all other national museums in ⑤__________

33、_ 考點(diǎn)01 United Kingdom, it charges no admission fee. Its ownership of some of its most famous objects ⑥___________ 考點(diǎn)10 originally came from other countries is controversial, particularly in the case of the Parthenon Marbles. Today the museum no longer houses ⑦_(dá)__________考點(diǎn)04 (collection) of natural

34、 history,and the books and manuscripts(手稿) once it ⑧___________考點(diǎn)09 (hold) now form part of the independent British Library, ⑨___________ 考點(diǎn)12 it still keeps its universality in collections of artificial works ⑩___________考點(diǎn)08 (represent) the cultures of the world, ancient and modern. （3） Last y

35、ear, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ①__________?was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready. After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservati

36、on six months ②__________?考點(diǎn)06 (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We③__________考點(diǎn)09 ?(tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ④__________?考點(diǎn)12 for the week after. I didn't understand ⑤__________?this would happen and my credit card had already been

37、charged ⑥__________考點(diǎn)03?the reservation. What's worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was ⑦_(dá)_________?考點(diǎn)06 (surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ⑧__________考點(diǎn)01 ?top floor. We had never stayed

38、in such an amazing room, and we weren't charged extra. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ⑨__________?考點(diǎn)13 we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little⑩__________?考點(diǎn)08 (sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. （4）??? The British have many traditions

39、 but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea. We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, ①__________考點(diǎn)03/08 more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into ②__________考點(diǎn)01 popular pastime.

40、? ??? This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea ③__________考點(diǎn)06 (comfort) while nibbling (小口吃) on nice sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon! Afternoon tea, ④__________考點(diǎn)08 (design) as a light snack to

41、bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s.? It went on to become a ⑤__________考點(diǎn)06 (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes. ??? Now there is a resurgence (復(fù)蘇) in its ⑥__________考點(diǎn)04 (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it. ⑦_(dá)_________考點(diǎn)13 i

42、t can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel of café. But if you’re thinking of visiting such a place ⑧__________考點(diǎn)08 (enjoy) a plate of sweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the rules you must follow to avoid ⑨__________考點(diǎn)08 (ask) to leave.? ??? W

43、riter Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour devoted to the ceremony known as afternoon tea”. I’m sure once you try it, you ⑩__________考點(diǎn)09(agree). 參考答案 一、七選五 A、答案：D; A; F; B; C B、答案：ABEDF 解析： 本文講述了作者第一次在中企餐廳就餐的感受。 1.

44、?A【解析】根據(jù)下文“然而,并沒有著火的跡象,人們都有說有笑” 可知,設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容需說明一下為何提到“有著火的跡象”。A項(xiàng)“我本以為我錯(cuò)過了消防演習(xí)”解釋了為何作者會(huì)認(rèn)為應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)著火的情況,故選A項(xiàng)。 2.?B【解析】根據(jù)“我突然想起在中國每一個(gè)人幾乎都在同一時(shí)間吃午飯”和下文“餐廳遵守著這個(gè)時(shí)間表”可知,B項(xiàng)“根本沒有什么緊急情況,只不過是午飯時(shí)間而已”符合語境,故選B項(xiàng)。 3.?E【解析】下文“每個(gè)人排著隊(duì),拿著一個(gè)托盤,還有筷子和湯匙而不是銀餐具”描述的是買飯時(shí)的場景,由此可知,E項(xiàng)“這個(gè)餐廳讓我想起我的學(xué)校的餐廳”是對作者看到的餐廳場景的總結(jié),且E項(xiàng)中的school lunchro

45、om與下文呼應(yīng),故選E項(xiàng)。 4.?D【解析】根據(jù)上文中描述的周圍同事取菜的場景和下文中提到的“我最終選擇了黃瓜炒肉和豆腐沙拉”可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)該與作者取午餐相關(guān),D項(xiàng)“我覺得我應(yīng)該快速作決定”是對作者取到午餐前的心理描寫,符合語境,故選D項(xiàng)。 5.?F【解析】根據(jù)設(shè)空前的“我在公司已經(jīng)一年半多了”以及設(shè)空后的“主要是通過反復(fù)摸索以后,我已經(jīng)知道了我喜歡吃什么菜,許多員工也認(rèn)識我了并且和我打招呼”可知,該段的內(nèi)容是對作者熟悉在中企工作后的描寫,F項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在我可以很高興地說我在餐廳更加自信了”是對作者熟悉中餐廳后的描寫,故選F項(xiàng)。 C、答案：F; A; C; G; E 解析：

46、1.由第二段內(nèi)容可知,整段都在說明語言消失的原因,所以小題1也是在陳述語言消失的原因。故F選項(xiàng)切題。 2.由.An " extinct"? language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska ' s Eyak language is one example.可知,已經(jīng)滅絕的語言沒有說種這語言的人了。它永遠(yuǎn)消失了。阿拉斯加語言就是一個(gè)例子。所以小題2說的是:說這種語言的最后一人死于2008年,這種語言也就永遠(yuǎn)消失了。 符合對前文的解釋。故A選項(xiàng)切題。 3.由第三段可知,第三段主要在講述人們受益于不同種的語言。再由in the same w

47、ay可知,小題3在講述各種動(dòng)植物有益于環(huán)境,以此說明多種語言也有益于人類。故C選項(xiàng)切題。 4.由The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing.可知,這個(gè)瀕臨滅絕語言聯(lián)盟希望挽救這些即將消失的語言。小題2要說明他們具體的做法。故G選項(xiàng)切題。 5.由 At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to

48、life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel, with more than 4 million speakers.可知,至少有一種語言做到了。在1881年,一位名叫Eliezer Ben-Yehuda的猶太語言學(xué)家使這個(gè)有3千年歷史的希伯來語復(fù)活。今天,它是以色列的官方語言之一,有400多萬使用者。所以通過回答和舉例說明,我們可以判斷出小題5要問“沒有人說的語言能復(fù)活嗎?”。故E選項(xiàng)切題。 D、答案：DAEGC 解析：1. D〔提示：根據(jù)第二段第—句 The ancient

49、Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus plants.(古埃及人把他們的故事寫在用紙莎草這種植物制作的東西上。）可知，第一段的最后一句承接第一段的內(nèi)容并引起第二段的內(nèi)容，所以應(yīng)該填與“把故事寫下來”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容?！?2. A〔提示:根據(jù)前后文，由于紙莎草做的東西可以記錄故事，所以其他地方的人也想采用這種方式.后文又提到一種羊皮紙后來取代了紙莎草，說明其他地方的人得到紙莎草不容易，才會(huì)選擇轉(zhuǎn)代物，A項(xiàng)符合語境?！?3. E〔提示：根據(jù)前一句 Made of trees，paper was easier and che

50、aper to make than papyrus or parchment.(用樹木制造的紙，相比紙莎草和羊皮紙更加便宜和容易制作。）可知，這一段是在講用樹木制作的紙的特點(diǎn)?！?4. G〔提示:這一空為句首的句子，所以結(jié)合整段內(nèi)容可知，這一段是在講述怎樣讓書的制造過程更加簡易迅速。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)G中的 speed 可以得出答案。〕 5. C〔提示:此處為最后一段的首句,結(jié)合全文可知，這一段對于書的發(fā)展史進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，C項(xiàng)符合語境，現(xiàn)在的書可以成千上萬的復(fù)制印刷?！? 二、語法填空 （1）答案：It; who; careful; choose; making; as; be truste

51、d; and; in; The （2）答案：1. located 2. existence 3. widely 4. from 5.the 6.that 7. collections 8.held 9.but 10. representing 解析： 本文主要敘述了位于倫敦布盧姆斯伯里地區(qū)的大英博物館,它是第一個(gè)致力于人類歷史、藝術(shù)和文化的國家公共博物館,且不收取費(fèi)用。 1.?located【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。be located in...為固定搭配,意為“坐落于?,位于?”,本句為從句“which is located in…”的省略 句,去掉了which is

52、,故填 located。 2.?existence【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,句意:它的永久藏品數(shù)量大約為800萬,使它成為現(xiàn)存的最大的博物館之一。in existence為固定短語,意為“現(xiàn)存”。 3.?widely【解析】考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞sourced應(yīng)用副詞作狀語,故填 widely。 4.?from【解析】考查介詞。from... to...為固定搭配,意為“從…… 到……”。句意:它的來源廣泛,記錄了人類文化從開始到現(xiàn)在的故事。故填from。 5.?the【解析】考査冠詞。the United Kingdom為固定用法,意為“英國”,故填the。 6.?that【解析】考查定語

53、從句。分析句子成分可知,句中的its most famous objects是先行詞,空處在定語從句中作主語,指物,且先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾,所以要用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 7.?collections【解析】考査名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。 collection是可數(shù)名詞,此處指很多的收藏品,故填復(fù)數(shù)形式collections。 8. held【解析】考査時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子可知,空處是謂語動(dòng)詞,與it是主謂關(guān)系,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語once可知,本句要用一般過去時(shí),故填held。 9.?but【解析】考査連詞。分析語境可知,本句與前面的句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,是今昔對比,因此要填but。 10.?represent

54、ing【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知,句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞keeps,故此處的represent在句中修飾名詞collections of artificial works,兩者是主謂關(guān)系,故填representing。 （3）答案：it ; earlier; were told; but; why; for; surprisingly; the; where; sunburnt/sunburned　 解析：①分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這是指前面Miami(邁阿密),所以用指示代詞it。 ②根據(jù)上文的six months可知,這里是說他們六個(gè)月前就預(yù)定了房間,

55、所以這里用early的比較級。 ③根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容可知,這里的tell與主語we是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 ④分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里是not...but...(不是……而是……)的配搭。 ⑤此處是賓語從句,根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容可知,表示疑問,所以用why。 ⑥?“要價(jià);收費(fèi)”是固定配搭。 ⑦分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處修飾后面的形容詞helpful,所以要用副詞形式。 ⑧分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,是特指那里頂層的VIP房間,所以用定冠詞。 ⑨修飾beach,并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,所以用where引導(dǎo)。 ⑩充當(dāng)表語,而且主語是人,所以用動(dòng)詞的-ed形式。 （4）答案：

56、with; a; comfortably; designed; fashionable; popularity; Though / Although/While; to enjoy; being asked; will agree 解析： 英國人有喝下午茶的習(xí)慣。本文主要介紹了英國下午茶的文化。 1.?with 考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這句話是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),即“with+賓語+過去分詞”,故填with。 2.?a 考査冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知,這里泛指“一種受歡迎的消遣”,故用不定冠詞,且popular是以輔音音素開頭的單詞,故填a。 3.?comfortably 考査

57、副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞短語drink good quality tea應(yīng)用副詞。故填comfortably。 4.?designed 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句的謂語動(dòng)詞是date,故空處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作定語修飾afternoon tea,且afternoon tea和design之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。 5.?fashionable 考査形容詞。分析句子可知,空處修飾名詞occasion ,故應(yīng)用所給詞的形容詞形式fashionable。 6.?popularity 考査名詞。由空前的形容詞性物主代詞its可知, 空處應(yīng)填所給詞的名詞形式,且popularity是

58、不可數(shù)名詞。故填popularity。 7.?Though/Although/While 考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知,前半句表示的是“可以在家里亨受它”。而后半句表示的是“最好的體驗(yàn)它的方式是在一家高檔的酒店或咖啡店”,前后是讓步關(guān)系,故用表示讓步的連詞。 8.?to enjoy 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。由句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。所以填to enjoy。 9.?being asked 考杳非謂語動(dòng)詞。avoid后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語,且you和ask to leave之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故填being asked。 10.?will agree 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我保證你只要試過之后,就會(huì)同意的。句中once引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句,用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),由“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則可知,主句應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。故填will agree。 13