（浙江專用）2020版高考英語大一輪新優(yōu)化復(fù)習(xí) 考點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化練36 Unit 1 A land of diversity 新人教版選修8

Unit 1 A land of diversity.閱讀理解A(2017·浙江)Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey(調(diào)查) by the National Sleep Foundation,51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights,even though they have to get up early.Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7-to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day,and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.Babies need a lot of rest:most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours.For most school-age children,ten hours is ideal(理想的).But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10-to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours.And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on,and there are more opportunities(機(jī)會) to stay awake,with more homework,the Internet and the phone,” says Dr.Mary Carskadon,a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School.She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult characteristics,but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers,some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.Three years ago,schools in Edina,Minnesota,changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.Students,parents and teachers are pleased with the results.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】研究表明,大部分美國孩子已經(jīng)形成了不良的睡眠習(xí)慣。他們?nèi)胨?睡眠不足。其原因是電視、手機(jī)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、作業(yè)等一些令他們興奮的事情影響了他們,導(dǎo)致身體內(nèi)激素水平的變化,進(jìn)而使得他們?nèi)胨?。對?學(xué)校也采取了改變上學(xué)時(shí)間等措施來解決此類問題。1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A.American kids sleeping habits.B.Teenagers sleep-related diseases.C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)后文的介紹可知,美國“全國睡眠基金會”的調(diào)查針對的是美國10至18歲少年睡眠時(shí)間不足的情況及其影響,而不是疾病、失眠或?qū)W習(xí)問題。故選A項(xiàng)。2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“For most school-age children,ten hours is ideal.”可知,對于11歲的孩子來說,每天10小時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間是最理想的,故C項(xiàng)正確。3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.B.They tend to do things that excite them.C.They follow their parents examples.D.They dont need to go to school early.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“.these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.”可知,孩子們不睡覺的原因是他們在睡前傾向于做一些令他們興奮的事情,故B項(xiàng)是根本原因。本題易誤選A項(xiàng),而根據(jù)“Other experts say.”可知A項(xiàng)所表述的并非是Carskadon的觀點(diǎn),故排除A項(xiàng)。BThroughout the whole year,the 60 museums and theatres in Hannover,Germany,will feature one top event after another.It bears the title of UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)City of Music and takes its place in the international UNESCO network of Creative Cities.The range of musical education facilities(設(shè)施),the citys impressive achievements in the music and creative business,the wide range of performancesfrom pop,rock and jazz right through to ancient,classical and new musicand its many top-class choirs(合唱團(tuán)) were all factors that convinced the UNESCO Committee in Paris.There is music in the air in Hannover all year round:the A cappella week(25 April-3 May) and the Masala World Beat Festival(17 June-28 June),for example,take their audiences on a pleasant trip.Every year on Ascension Day,Hannover is transformed into the capital of jazz when it attracts tens of thousands to listen to excellent jazz music from all over the globe.“Simply making music”is the motto of the global music festival“Fête de la Musique”.Like hundreds of other cities throughout the world,Hannover celebrates this major festival for tolerance(包容) and international understanding on 21 June every year.Terrific(極好的) bands will take the stage at the NDR Plaza Festival and the N-Joy Starshow(29 & 30 May).Music lovers can also look forward to the Fhrmannsfest(31 July-2 August).Every year,visitors can find out for themselves just how good Hannover Region sounds during the “Kultursommer”,when classical music events are on the bill in the HCC Kuppelsaal,the largest concert hall anywhere in Germany.In 2015,the International Joseph Joachim Violin Competition will be held between 27 September and 10 October.Every three years,Stiftung Niedersachsen invites outstanding young violinists from all over the world to compete here in Hannover. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是說明文。漢諾威是德國下薩克森州的首府。由于其豐富的音樂活動和濃厚的藝術(shù)氛圍,它被聯(lián)合國教科文組織評為“音樂之城”。4.Whats the second paragraph mainly about?A.Why music is popular in Hannover.B.What music we can enjoy in Hannover.C.How to convince the UNESCO Committee.D.What makes Hannover a UNESCO City of Music.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“.all factors that convinced the UNESCO Committee in Paris.”可知,該段主要介紹了漢諾威被聯(lián)合國教科文組織評為“音樂之城”的原因。5.What can be inferred about Fête de la Musique?A.It encourages people to make simple music.B.Its the biggest music event in Germany.C.A variety of music is played during it.D.It includes many music competitions.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Simply making musicis the motto of the global music festivalFête de la Musique.Hannover celebrates this major festival for tolerance(包容) and international understanding.”可知,Fête de la Musique這一音樂節(jié)僅僅關(guān)乎音樂,并且體現(xiàn)了包容和國際化這一主題。由此可推測,在這一音樂節(jié)上會有不同類型的音樂被演奏。6.Which of the following events lasts longest?A.The Fhrmannsfest.B.Fête de la Musique.C.The N-Joy Starshow.D.The Masala World Beat Festival.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知,四個音樂節(jié)的舉辦時(shí)間分別為7月31日8月2日,6月21日,5月29、30日,6月17日6月28日。由此不難看出,Masala World Beat Festival持續(xù)的時(shí)間最長。7.The underlined words “Stiftung Niedersachsen” in the last paragraph is most probably the name of . A.a universityB.a famous bandC.an organizationD.a famous person答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句內(nèi)容可知,Stiftung Niedersachsen每三年都會邀請全球范圍內(nèi)的優(yōu)秀小提琴選手來漢諾威參加比賽,由此判斷它應(yīng)該是一個機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱。.七選五Some people believe that really successful students are just born that way.1. However,the vast majority of successful students achieve their success by developing and applying effective study habits. 2. Successful students typically space their work out over shorter periods of time and rarely try to crowd all of their studying into just one or two sessions.If you want to become a successful student,then you must have regular,yet shorter,study periods.Plan when youre going to study.Successful students schedule specific time throughout the week when they are going to complete their studyingand then they stick with their schedule.3. Study at the same time.Not only is it important that you plan when youre going to study but also that you create a consistent daily study routine and stick with it.Thus,youll be mentally and emotionally more prepared for each study session and each study session will become more productive.Have a specific goal in each study time.4. You need to know exactly what you need to accomplish during each study session.Before you start studying,set a study session goal that supports your overall academic goal. Never delay your planned study session.Its very easy to put off your study session because of lack of interest in the subject,because you have other things you need to get done first or just because the assignment is hard.5. If you delay your study session,your studying will become much less effective.Delay also leads to rushing,and rushing is the number one cause of errors. A.Students who study occasionally dont perform as well as students who have a set study schedule.B.Use study groups effectively.C.Start with the most difficult subject first.D.Dont try to crowd all your studying into one session.E.True,some students are able to finish school with little effort.F.Successful students do not put off studying.G.Simply studying without direction is not effective.答案與解析【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了五種有效的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。1.E上文提到一些人認(rèn)為成功的學(xué)生天生就該成功,下文提到絕大多數(shù)成功的學(xué)生是通過培養(yǎng)有效的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣并加以應(yīng)用而取得成功的,E項(xiàng)“誠然,一些學(xué)生付出很少的努力就能完成學(xué)業(yè)”與上下文銜接緊密,符合語境。2.D根據(jù)下文“Successful students.rarely try to crowd all of their studying into just one or two sessions.”可知,D項(xiàng)“不要將所有學(xué)習(xí)集中在一段時(shí)間”能概括本段內(nèi)容。故選D項(xiàng)。3.A上文提到成功的學(xué)生會安排整周特定的時(shí)間來完成學(xué)習(xí),然后堅(jiān)持他們的日程安排,A項(xiàng)“那些偶爾學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生沒有那些有學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)好”與之相呼應(yīng),且符合本段主題。故選A項(xiàng)。4.G根據(jù)本部分小標(biāo)題“Have a specific goal in each study time.”可知,G項(xiàng)“只是一味地學(xué)習(xí)而沒有方向是沒有效率的”與本部分小標(biāo)題相呼應(yīng),符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。5.F本段主要介紹永遠(yuǎn)不要拖延你計(jì)劃好的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間,故F項(xiàng)“成功的學(xué)生不會拖延學(xué)習(xí)”符合本段主旨。故選F項(xiàng)。.語篇填空(2018·全國)Im not sure 1.is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly,Im face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at 2.top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the 3.(loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 4.(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 5.(challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a 6.(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 7.these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find8.(they) alive.True to a gorillas unaggressive nature,the huge animal9.(mean) me no real harm.He was just saying:“Im king of this forest,and here is your reminder!”O(jiān)nce his message was delivered,he allowed me10.(stay) and watch.答案與解析【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是記敘文。作者講述了自己作為研究靈長類動物的科學(xué)家,在中非密林中偶遇大猩猩的一次經(jīng)歷。1.who考查名詞性從句。Im not sure后面接賓語從句,所以用who指“我”不確定“我”和母猩猩兩者中誰更害怕一點(diǎn)。2.the考查冠詞。at the top of為固定短語,意思是“在頂端”。 3.loudest考查副詞最高級。the和of all都提示要用最高級。 4.looking考查非謂語動詞。avoid后面要接動詞-ing形式做賓語,所以用looking。5.challenged考查非謂語動詞。feel為系動詞,后面要接形容詞做表語,challenged “受到挑戰(zhàn)的”。6.scientist考查名詞。前面有冠詞a,所以此處需要用名詞,且為單數(shù)形式。7.for考查介詞。search for“搜索,尋找”。 8.them考查人稱代詞。動詞find后面加賓語,所以需要用they的賓格形式。9.meant考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。前后句提示這里需要用過去時(shí)態(tài),mean的過去式為meant。10.to stay考查非謂語動詞。allow sb. to do sth.“允許某人做某事”。 6