2020屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 瘋狂專練八 并列句和三大從句單句填空 語法填空

瘋狂專練八 并列句和三大從句單句填空 語法填空技巧點撥 當(dāng)空格前后都是句子(一個主謂關(guān)系算一個句子)，且這兩個句子之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞時，填關(guān)聯(lián)詞；若并列的兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，填表示聯(lián)合、選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折等意義的連詞(and/but/so/or)；從屬句間常依據(jù)句子的屬性是名詞性從句、形容詞性從句還是副詞性從句來確定其關(guān)聯(lián)詞。具體解題技巧如下：第一步：分析結(jié)構(gòu)，若兩個句子(有兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間，沒有句號或分號，也沒有連接詞，空格必填連接詞(此處的連接詞包括并列連詞，如：and, but, or, while, so, for等；引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞；引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞；引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞、連接副詞和連詞that, if, whether)。第二步：根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)來確定是并列結(jié)構(gòu)還是某種主從復(fù)合句。第三步：若是主從復(fù)合句，要根據(jù)從句的特點，結(jié)合連詞的意義和作用，確定填具體的某個連接詞。?？伎键c 定語從句關(guān)系代詞who (主語)whom (賓語)that(主語/賓語)which(主語/賓語)whose(所有格)關(guān)系副詞when(時間)where(地點)why(原因)how(方式)名詞性從句連詞that，if，whether連接代詞that，which，who，whom，whose，as，what，whether連接副詞when，why，where，how(ever)連詞因果關(guān)系because, as, since, so轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系though, but假設(shè)關(guān)系if, unless讓步關(guān)系though, although時間關(guān)系when, while, as, before, after, until, since 結(jié)果關(guān)系sothat，suchthat比較關(guān)系asas，than【易混易錯】強調(diào)句型與主語從句、狀語從句、定語從句的區(qū)別：1.強調(diào)句型與主語從句的比較強調(diào)句型將句子中的it is/was與that/who同時省去，句子仍然成立；而包含主語從句的句子用that從句代替it，句子成立。如：It was Li Leis brother that you met in the street yesterday.你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。 (本句若將It was 及that同時省去為：You met Li Leis brother in the street yesterday.句子同樣成立，因此本句是強調(diào)句型。)It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou X.我們成功地發(fā)射了神舟十號這件事情真令人興奮。(本句若將It is 及that同時省去為：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou X.顯然句子錯誤，因此，本句不是強調(diào)句型，that引導(dǎo)主語從句，it是形式主語。)2.強調(diào)句型與定語從句的比較強調(diào)句型中的it沒有實際意義，it is/was與that/who去掉后句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。但定語從句中的it be和作主語的that去掉后句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。3.強調(diào)句型與狀語從句的比較強調(diào)句型中的it is/was與that/who同時省去，句子仍然成立；而包含狀語從句的句子it是主語。如：It was 8 oclock when they went home.他們回家時是8點。 (句中代詞it作主語，指代時間，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句)It was at 8 oclock that they went home.他們是在8點回家的。 (本句是強調(diào)句型，at 8 oclock是被強調(diào)部分)小題狂練 1.【2019年·全國 II卷】Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I work not because I have to, _7_ because I want to.”2.【2019·全國卷I】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence _1_ they range all the way across the Arctic3.【2019年浙江卷】 On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _3_gives off light in the dark.4.【2018·全國卷III】I'm not sure _1_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.5.Word came _ the students would put off the outing until next week, when they wouldnt be busy.6.There were so many kinds of bikes in the shop that he really didnt know _ he could choose.7.Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old people _ they swam in it.8. There is no point in giving up something you enjoy _ you get something back thats even better.9.Zhang Ze took on a victory in the 2019 French Open, _we all regard as the highest-ranked Chinese male player.10. Theyre not simply made in China, designed in the country.11. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree ­ lined street, not knowing _ she was heading.12. This is _ there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it.13.The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.14. When traveling,we will enjoy ourselves and learn something from the exploration, attracts me very much.直擊考題 passage1體裁主題字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時說明文加州的實驗學(xué)校220字7分鐘Khan Lab School is bringing back the one-room model to teach young students in Mountain View，California. The school is1laboratory for an experimental kind of learning. Silicon Valley,2(know)for its technology companies，is also the birthplace of the school. Students aged 5 to 15 attend the experimental Khan Lab School,which 3(have)no grade levels and no homework. The students are in school from 8：30 in the morning until six oclock at night. And，the school is open all year long，with small 4(break)here and there. The school is the idea of Salman Khan，the founder of Khan Academyfamous for its educational videos. The videos on the Internet are free 5have millions of users around the world. Khan said he 6(start)Khan Lab School because he thinks the present education system has problems. He hopes to create a 7(good)learning model. He said the one-room model lets the older students help younger students,8means the younger children get a lot of help. They get the help of the teacher and the older students. Khan said students also learn the study material 9their own speed through videos. And，they get more attention through one-on-one discussions with teachers. They also learn by10(do)projects.passage2體裁主題字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時說明文交通方式184字8分鐘Amsterdam1(call) the “City of Bicycles” because of the convenience of riding bicycles there. In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans had 2idea that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were. They were3(hope) that this would help to save energy, reduce 4(pollute) and provide free public transport. The group painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in lots of neighbourhoods around Amsterdam for people to use.5 (fortunate), it didn't work because 6(thief) took all the bicycles within weeks! However, more than thirty years later, the “white bike” is back in town this time with a computer chip to record its every move!7(take) a bicycle, you have to insert a special card. People who want to use the bikes8(park) at special parking places have to take them to another special parking place 9 has enough room. Thanks to the good ideas of lots of people, many people around the world have been enjoying city center streets 10cars for many years.passage3體裁主題字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時記敘文善行204字8分鐘【2019·成都樹德中學(xué)博瑞實驗學(xué)校高二月考】Jane felt sweet in the drivethrough line at Heavnly Donuts. Just the day before, a stranger ahead of her in line had1(generous) paid for her coffee.“The gesture made such a big difference in my day,” says Eileen. She had recently lost her job as a doctor's 2 (assist),and money was tight.But Eileen3(inspire) to pay the $12 bill of the family in the car behind hers.4she didn't know was that her kindness would set off a chain reaction.In two and a half hours, fiftyfive drivers paid for the order of the person behind 5 (they)The doughnut shop's employees 6 (see) this before.This Heavnly Donuts, in fact, is known as a special place, the customers of 7are considered as the “best in the world”But, even so, the workers were 8(amaze) that the shop had more than doubled its previous record by the end of the day.Now9(work) as a chemist, Jane visits Heavnly Donuts every Saturday morning, picking up a coffee and paying for the order of the customer behind her.“Actually, I wish I 10(start)this deed much earlier.” She said.passage4體裁主題字?jǐn)?shù)建議用時記敘文人際交往245字8分鐘【江蘇省五個一名校聯(lián)盟2019屆高三下學(xué)期第一次診斷考試英語試題】One day, I was comfortably waiting for my flight with a good book to read when_1_elderly lady was wheeled to our waiting area. I noticed the trouble she was having _2_ (try) to open a packet of nuts with her shaking hands. No one else was willing to meet her gaze (目光), so I _3_ (offer) to help. The lady was very grateful. We sat and chatted. The time came to board the plane. She could walk but needed some _4_ (assist), so I volunteered to help her and carry her bag.As I helped her get _5_ (settle), I noticed her “seat mate”, a businessman, looked a bit horrified at having to make the flight with her. He offered to change_6_ (seat) with me and I agreed. We had a long chat. As we were entering another country we needed to fill out forms. I offered to fill _7_ (her) out because of her shaking hands. We landed and I needed to change planes, but I helped her first. The wheelchair she ordered was nowhere to be seen so we slowly walked to the gate _8_her daughter was waiting.As a result, I had to run to catch my connection but, as I thought about the experience, I saw her _9_my airport angel, a chance for me to hope that in the future when Im in my eighties and traveling, someone will take the time _10_ (connect) with me.10答案與解析小題狂練 1.【答案】but【解析】考查并列連詞。根據(jù)句意邏輯可知，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，句意：我工作不是因為我不得不做，而是因為我想做。此處用but與前文not 呼應(yīng)，構(gòu)成“不是而是 ”之意，故填but。2.【答案】that【解析】考查同位語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，主句為there be句型，且結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空格后為同位語從句，解釋說明中心詞evidence的內(nèi)容，故填that。3.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定語從句。這是個限制性定語從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中缺少主語，因此，可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。4.【答案】which/who【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：我不確定哪一個更害怕，我，還是突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。此處為賓語從句，空格處表示選擇，所以用which或who表示“哪一個”。5.【答案】that【解析】考查同位語從句。句意：消息傳來，學(xué)生們要把郊游推遲到下周，那時他們不太忙?？芍獁ord這里是“消息”的意思，后面的內(nèi)容是對消息的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說明，用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，that不做成分。6.【答案】which【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：商店里有很多種自行車，他真的不知道該選哪一種。此處為賓語從句，從句中的choose缺少賓語，根據(jù)“so many kinds of bikes”可知此處表示“在具體范圍之內(nèi)的某一種”。7.【答案】when【解析】考查定語從句。句意：一些關(guān)于這條河的照片使老人們回想起了過去他們在河里游泳的日子。此處days是先行詞，指時間，在后面的定語從句中作時間狀語，故先行詞用when。8.【答案】unless【解析】考查狀語從句連詞。句意：如果你不能得到更好的東西，那么放棄你喜歡的東西就是沒有意義的。根據(jù)句意可知本句應(yīng)該使用unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。9.【答案】who【解析】考查定語從句。句意：張澤在2019年法國網(wǎng)球公開賽上取得了勝利，我們都認(rèn)為他是中國排名最高的男單選手。此處Zhang Ze是先行詞，指人，在后面的非限制性定語從句中作賓語。用who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。10.【答案】but【解析】考查并列句。本句為結(jié)構(gòu)not.but.不是而是，故用but。11.【答案】where【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：簡在綠樹成蔭的街道上漫無目的地走著，不知道她要去哪里。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中缺少地點狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)。12.【答案】why【解析】考查表語從句。句意：這就是為什么有這樣的一種說法，求忙人才能做成事。Be動詞后面的句子是表語從句，表示原因，故填why。13.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定語從句。句意：從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。_ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，空格處在句中作主語，代指人，故填who或that。14.【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：在旅途中，我們將玩得很開心，而且會學(xué)到一些東西，這一點非常吸引我?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面的整句話，故填which。直擊考題 passage1【答案】1a2known3has4breaks5and6started7beter8which9at10doing【解析】1.考查冠詞。句意：這所學(xué)校是實驗性學(xué)習(xí)的實驗室。laboratory是發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的可數(shù)名詞，此處用不定冠詞表泛指，故填a。2.考查非謂語動詞。句意：以科技公司聞名的硅谷也是這所學(xué)校的發(fā)源地。be known for“因而出名，以聞名”，此處去掉be作后置定語，故填known。3.考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：5至15歲的學(xué)生就讀于實驗性可汗實驗學(xué)校，該校沒有年級和家庭作業(yè)。陳述的是客觀事實，要用一般現(xiàn)在時；且which引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代先行詞Khan Lab School，所以謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填has。4.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：這所學(xué)校全年開課，偶爾會有短暫的休息。break表示“休息”時，是可數(shù)名詞，其前沒有限定詞，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填breaks。5.考查連詞。句意：網(wǎng)上的視頻是免費的，全世界有數(shù)百萬用戶。根據(jù)句意可知空處前后為并列關(guān)系，故填and。6.考查時態(tài)。句意：可汗說他創(chuàng)辦可汗實驗室學(xué)校是因為他認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的教育體制有問題?！皠?chuàng)辦學(xué)?！北硎景l(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填started。7.考查形容詞比較級。句意：他希望創(chuàng)建一個更好的學(xué)習(xí)模式。此處有一個隱晦的比較意義，表示“比現(xiàn)有的教育體制更好的”，應(yīng)該用形容詞比較級形式，故填better。8.考查定語從句。句意：他說，單間模式讓年紀(jì)大的學(xué)生幫助年紀(jì)小的學(xué)生，這意味著年紀(jì)小的孩子得到了很多幫助。此處為非限定性定語從句，空處指代前面整個主句內(nèi)容并在從句中作主語，故填which。9.考查介詞。句意：學(xué)生還可以通過視頻按自己的速度（節(jié)奏）學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)材料。at. . . speed意為“以的速度”，故填at。10.考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們也通過做項目來學(xué)習(xí)。介詞by后接動名詞作賓語，故填doing。passage2【答案】1is called2an3hopeful4pollution5Unfortunately6thieves7To take8parked9that10without【解析】1考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：阿姆斯特丹被稱為“自行車城”。Amsterdam與call之間為被動關(guān)系，而且此處講述的是客觀事實，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，故填is called。2考查冠詞。句意：一群自行車愛好者認(rèn)為，如果市中心不允許汽車進(jìn)入，而只允許自行車進(jìn)入，這樣對每個人都好。此處表示泛指，且idea的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭,故填不定冠詞an。3考查形容詞。句意：他們希望這將有助于節(jié)約能源、減少污染和提供免費的公共交通。此處用形容詞作表語，表示“抱有希望的”，故填hopeful。4考查名詞。句意參考上題解析，空處作reduce的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞，故填pollution。5考查副詞。句意：不幸的是，這沒有奏效，因為小偷在幾周內(nèi)偷走了所有的自行車。此處作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞，再根據(jù)空后的“it didnt work”可知此處填Unfortunately。6考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意參考上題解析，thief是可數(shù)名詞，且空前沒有限定詞修飾，所以應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填thieves。7考查非謂語動詞。句意：要想騎自行車，得插入一張?zhí)厥獾目ㄆ?。空處作目的狀語，故用不定式To take。8考查非謂語動詞。句意：想要使用停在特別停車位的自行車的人必須把它們帶到另一個有足夠空間的特殊停車位。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作后置定語修飾bikes，且與bikes之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，表示被動，用過去分詞作后置定語，故填parked。9考查定語從句。句意參考上題解析，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾another special parking place，且在從句中作主語，又因為先行詞被another修飾，故用關(guān)系代詞that。10考查介詞。句意：多年來，世界各地的很多人一直享受著沒有汽車的市中心街道。without 表示“沒有”，故填without。【點撥】如果定語從句中的指物的先行詞被all, some, no, not，every, each修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that而不能用which。如，I have some books that are very interesting. I have eaten all the food that is left.passage3【答案】1generously2assistant3was inspired4What5them6had seen7which8amazed9working10had started【解析】1考查副詞。句意：排在她前面的一個陌生人慷慨地為她買了咖啡。修飾動詞paid用副詞，故填generously。2考查名詞。句意：她最近失去了醫(yī)生助理的工作。作介詞as的賓語用名詞，故填assistant。3考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：但是Eileen受到鼓舞為她后面的人付了12美元的家庭賬單。事情發(fā)生在過去，Eileen 與inspire之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，故填was inspired。4考查主語從句。句意：她不知道的是，她的善行引起了連鎖反應(yīng)。此處為主語從句，從句中的know缺少賓語，故填What。5考查代詞。句意：在兩個半小時內(nèi)，55位司機(jī)為他們后面的人買單。作介詞behind的賓語用賓格，故填them。6考查時態(tài)。句意：甜甜圈店的員工以前也見過這種情況?！皊ee”這個動作發(fā)生在這件事之前，也就是過去的過去，應(yīng)該用過去完成時，故填had seen。7考查非限定性定語從句。句意：這家甜甜圈店其實是一個很特別的地方，它的顧客被認(rèn)為是世界上最好的。關(guān)系詞指代先行詞place，在非限定性定語從句中作介詞of的賓語，故填which。8考查形容詞。句意：員工們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)店里的營業(yè)額在當(dāng)天結(jié)束時比之前的記錄翻了一番還多。修飾人用ed結(jié)尾的形容詞，表示“感到的”，故填amazed。9考查非謂語動詞。句意：Jane現(xiàn)在是一位化學(xué)家，她每周六早晨都去那家甜甜圈店。Jane與work之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填working。10考查虛擬語氣。句意：我要是早點開始做這件事就好了。wish后的賓語從句表示與過去事實相反的愿望時，從句用主語+had+過去分詞，故填had started?！军c撥】注意在wish后的賓語從句中表示不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望要用虛擬語氣，其主要形式有三種：表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish+主語+動詞過去式（be用were），如，I wish I had a pair of wings我希望有一對翅膀；對過去情況的虛擬：wish+主語+had+過去分詞，如，I wish you had called me yesterday要是你昨天給我打電話就好了；對將來情況的虛擬：wish+主語+would+動詞原形，I wish someday I would live on the moon真希望將來有一天我能在月球居住。passage4【答案】1.an2.trying3.offered4.assistance5.settled