2020年高考英語 必考點 專題12 定語從句（高效演練）（含解析）

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1、專題12 定語從句——高效演練 一. 單句語法填空 1.Many young people，most of ________were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查定語從句的用法。句意：很多年輕人前往偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)去追逐他們的夢想，他們中的很多人都受過良好教育。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，先行詞為Many young people，作介詞of的賓語，故要用whom。 2. We will put off the picnic in the park unti

2、l next week，________ the weather may be better. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下個星期，那時天氣可能會更好?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞是next week，定語從句中不缺少主賓表，缺少時間狀語，所以用when 3．(天津高考改編)One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons ________ this problem could not be solved. 【答案】why 【解析】句意：一天，精疲力竭，我寫下這個問題不能解決的所有原因?？疾槎ㄕZ從

3、句。從句缺少原因狀語，用why引導(dǎo)。 4．(浙江高考改編)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：關(guān)于人類為什么哭的時候會流淚，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)提出了很多理論，沒有一個得到了證明?？疾槎ㄕZ從句，先行詞是theories，指物，定語從句中用“代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)。 5．I made friends with the natives，and their reaction am

4、azed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks ________ they had refused to sell to tourists. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：我和當(dāng)?shù)厝私慌笥眩鹲ell后缺少賓語，用關(guān)系代詞which。 6．One important biological factor________helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 【答案】that/which 【解析】fa

5、ctor后帶有定語從句，關(guān)系代詞作主語，用that/which。 7.I live next door to a couple ________?children?often make a lot of noise. 【答案】whose 【解析】句中指的是那對夫妻的孩子，用whose 引導(dǎo)定語從句。 8．So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo，________ they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from

6、the blood over several days. 【答案】where 【解析】先行詞為地點，從句用where 引導(dǎo)作狀語。 9.A nurse ________ understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 【答案】who 【解析】先行詞為人，用who 在從句中作主語，引導(dǎo)定語從句。 10．I had one trip last

7、 year________I was caught by a hurricane in America. 【答案】where 【解析】此處last year 為干擾性內(nèi)容，從句表達(dá)得是我在路途中被困，故先行詞為trip, 用where=in which 引導(dǎo)定語從句。 11．The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 【答案】as 【解析】句意：據(jù)報道，吸煙者的數(shù)量在一年內(nèi)下降了17%。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在這里作主語，意為“正如……，這一點”，代替

8、整個主句的內(nèi)容。 12．It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：which代替先行詞place，在定語從句中用作主語，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。不可用that。 13．Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music. 【答案】wh

9、ere 【解析】句意：對面是圣保羅教堂，在那里你可以聽到一些優(yōu)美的音樂。先行詞是St.Paul’s Church，從句主謂賓成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推斷出關(guān)系詞在從句中作的是地點狀語，故用where。 14．Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：創(chuàng)造一種使員工感到自己是團(tuán)隊一部分的an atmosphere，在從句中作地點狀語，此處in which相當(dāng)于where。 15．He wrote many?

10、children’s books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：他寫了很多的兒童書，其中接近一半是在20世紀(jì)90年代出版的。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及選項可知是考查非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語。此處關(guān)系代詞which代指前面的books，作介詞of的賓語。 16．As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independ

11、ent. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：作為家里最小的孩子，Alex總是盼望著他有獨立的時間。定語從句的先行詞是time，后面的從句是完整的句子，先when。 17．The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定語從句。句意：桌上的書是給我們的獎勵，那些書的封面閃閃發(fā)光。先行詞為the books，和名詞covers之間是所有關(guān)系，故用whose作定語。 18．The boss of the company is trying to create an e

12、asy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：該公司的老板試圖創(chuàng)造輕松的氛圍，這樣他的員工就可以享受工作的樂趣。先行詞為an easy atmosphere，在從句中作地點狀語，故要用where。 19．Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：一些專家認(rèn)為閱讀depend on/upon依靠，依賴。先行詞為

13、物，介詞后用which來構(gòu)成定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。 20．China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：《中國日報》吸引了全世界的讀者，這表明世界上越來越多的人想了解中國。先行詞是前面的整個主句，在非限制性定語從句中作主語，故用which來引導(dǎo)。不可用that。 21．I didn’t become a serious climber until the f

14、ifth grade，________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：我直到五年級才真正成為一個攀登者，那時，我爬到樹上去拿一個被掛在樹枝上的風(fēng)箏。the fifth grade，設(shè)空處在定語從句中作時間狀語，故填when。 22．Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth. 【答案

15、】where 【解析】句意：學(xué)生應(yīng)該參加社區(qū)活動，他們從中能獲得成長經(jīng)驗。將先行詞community activities代入定語從句后為：They can gain experience for growth from the community activities.由此可知關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語。故填where。 23．Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position. 【答案】that 【解析】句意：請把所有的你有的關(guān)于這個職位的候選人的信息發(fā)送

16、給我們。先行詞是information，在定語從句中，缺少have的賓語，所以用關(guān)系代詞，且先行詞有all修飾，所以用關(guān)系代詞that。 24．Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor?children，________ is quite unexpected. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：直到現(xiàn)在，我們已經(jīng)為貧困的孩子們集資50 000英鎊，這是相當(dāng)出乎意料的。在非限制性定語從句中，代指前文提到的事件，并在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which。 25．We’ll reach the sales targets in

17、a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year. 【答案】which/that 【解析】句意：一個月以后我們將會達(dá)到年初所定的銷售目標(biāo)。在本句中，先行詞是the sales targets，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作set的賓語，所以填關(guān)系代詞which/that。設(shè)空處也可以不填，因為關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。 26．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression

18、 is a must. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：這本書對我的日常交流很有幫助，尤其是在那些必須給人留下良好印象的工作中。根據(jù)句意填關(guān)系副詞where。where引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點狀語。 27．Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog. 【答案】which/that 【解析】句意：在這么多海員不得不面對的危險中，很有可能最大的危險就是霧了。在這個定語從句中，先行詞是dangers，在從句中作face邏輯上的賓語，所以關(guān)系代詞用w

19、hich或that。 28．It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 【答案】when 【解析】句意：時間是半夜，那時我的父親叫醒了我并告訴我去看足球比賽。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作時間狀語，所以答案是when。 29．I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 【答案】w

20、hen 【解析】句意：我正在盼望著我的女兒能夠讀懂這the day，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。 30．I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：我上周從圖書館借了《夏洛克·福爾摩斯》這本書，這是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的。本題考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞為the book Sherlock Holmes，從句中recommended后缺少賓語成分，故填關(guān)系代詞which。

21、 31．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of ________ uses it differently. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：英語是一種被好幾種不同的cultures且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語，所以填which。 32．A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. 【答案】whose 【解析】句意：從國內(nèi)市場得到的利潤正在下降的公司

22、可以去國外尋找機(jī)會。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為company，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：The company’s profits from home markets are declining.由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作定語，故填whose。 33．The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 【答案】which/that 【解析】句意：Angela和她的家人一起在中國度過的準(zhǔn)確的年份是2008年。這個定語從句的先行詞是year，在從句中作spent的賓語，所以要填能夠

23、作賓語的關(guān)系代詞，用which或that。 二.篇章語法填空 Passage 1 There was a time ___1___I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason ___2___my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club,

24、 ___3___I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, ____4__teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face－to－face, from ____5__ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along we

25、ll with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities ___6______we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide,____7__ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn En

26、glish, into ___8__ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through _____ I can memorize a large number of new words. ______ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of l

27、earning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later.” 作者在英語俱樂部遇到了一位好老師，他使作者對英語學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了興趣，并養(yǎng)成了學(xué)習(xí)英語的好習(xí)慣。 1． 【答案】when 【解析】句意：有一段時間，我討厭學(xué)英語并且不喜歡說英語。There was a time when....有一段時間......。 2. 【答案】why 【解析】This is/was the reason why 這就是……的原因。 3. 【答案】where 【解析】先行

28、詞是the club，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，故填where。 4．【答案】whose 【解析】先行詞為my guide，代入定語從句后為：My guide's teacher was Yu Minhong.由此可見，先行詞與teacher之間是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose引導(dǎo)。 5．【答案】which 【解析】先行詞為my guide communicated with me face－to－face；先行詞在定語從句中作from的賓語，且介詞from提前，故填which。 6．【答案】that/which/不填 【解析】先行詞是activities，將先行詞代入定語從句后

29、為：We did the activities.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作賓語，故用that或which引導(dǎo)或省略關(guān)系代詞。 7．【答案】who 【解析】先行詞為my father and the guide，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，且指“人”，所以用who引導(dǎo)。 8．【答案】which 【解析】先行詞為English，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞into的賓語，且介詞into已被提前，故填which。 9．【答案】which 【解析】句意：每天入睡前我總是回憶所學(xué)的文章，通過這種方法，我能記住大量的英語生詞。先行詞為the passages，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞thro

30、ugh的賓語，且介詞已被提前，故用which引導(dǎo)。 10．【答案】As 【解析】句意：正如我們英語老師所說的：“只要你們養(yǎng)成每天學(xué)英語的習(xí)慣并且堅持不懈，你們遲早會征服英語?！狈窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句置于句首，后面引號內(nèi)直接引語的內(nèi)容為先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，故用as引導(dǎo)。 Passage 2 In the summer of 1848, in Guatemala, a man called Ambrosio Tut went into the jungle ____1__ he usually worked every day. Tut was a gum－collector(

31、樹膠采集者), looking for gum in the jungle. To do this, he had to climb the trees. On one particular day, he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye. He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings. Tut didn't really know ___2___he had seen but he knew it was somet

32、hing special. He ran to tell the local governor, and together they walked into the jungle. There they found Tikal(蒂卡爾), the city___3___the Mayans had built many hundreds of years before. The two men saw temples and pyramids, squares and houses, and places ____4__ kings had lived ___5___the Mayan peo

33、ple ruled the region. For a long time before that day, local people had known ___6___somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city, but no one had seen it for centuries. Between 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had been the center of Mayan civilization in the region, but then the Mayans left

34、 there, nobody knows ___7___! After 1000 AD, the jungle began to cover it and people forgot that it was there. Seven years ___8__Tut looked out for the trees, two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle, but they didn't mention Tikal. Eve

35、n earlier than this, local Indians had told European travelers about a great city hidden in the trees, ___9.__ no one would listen to them. Then the news ___10__the lost city had been found again made archaeologists(考古學(xué)家) extremely glad. 語篇導(dǎo)讀：1848年，Tut意外發(fā)現(xiàn)瑪雅城市遺址。 1． 【答案】where 【解析】定語從句補(bǔ)全為：he

36、usually worked every day in the jungle.故從句中缺少地點狀語。 2． 【答案】what 【解析】句意：Tut真不知道他看到的是什么，但是他知道那是一些特殊的東西。分析句子可知，從句中缺少賓語，指物，故填what。 3． 【答案】that/which 【解析】that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾the city。 4． 【答案】where 【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，從句部分缺少地點狀語。 5． 【答案】when 【解析】引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 6． 【答案】that 【解析】句意：那天之前的很長一段時間，當(dāng)?shù)厝司椭绤擦掷?/p>

37、的某個地方有一個古老的瑪雅城市。從句中不缺少成分，且意義完整。 7． 【答案】why 【解析】句意： 但是瑪雅人離開了那里，沒有人知道為什么。此句補(bǔ)全應(yīng)是nobody knows why the Mayans left there。 8． 【答案】before 【解析】引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。由主句時態(tài)可知答案。 9． 【答案】but 【解析】前后句表轉(zhuǎn)折。 10． 【答案】that 【解析】句意：失去的城市現(xiàn)在又被重新找到使得考古學(xué)家非常高興。同位語從句中不缺少任何成分，且意義完整，that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)成分，沒有含義，只起連接作用。 三、單項選擇

38、1. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A 【解析】試題分析：句意：我們在日常生活中遇到的小問題可能就是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。______ we meet in our daily lives是定語從句，從句缺少賓語，先行詞是problems，用that。 考點：考查定語從句。 【名師點睛】 定語從句

39、的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why等）。 1. 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語，定語等成分。關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是表示時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。 eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line. 2. 關(guān)系代詞

40、在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時，關(guān)系代詞可省略（非限定性定語從句中不可省略）。 e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion. The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for m

41、e doesn’t fit me. 3. 非限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞均不可省略。注意關(guān)系代詞that, 關(guān)系副詞why, 不可用于非限定性定語從句。 4. 作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞 在限制和非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，即介詞+關(guān)系代詞，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。 e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department. Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our depa

42、rtment. The room in which my family live used to be a garage. 2. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【答案】D 【解析】 試題分析： 句意：我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下個星期，那時天氣可能會更好。使用定語從句，先行詞是next week，定語從句中不缺少主

43、賓表，缺少時間狀語。故選D。 考點：考查定語從句。 【名師點睛】定語從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主語，賓語，表語或者定語；where, why, when在句中做地點，原因和時間狀語。要分析定語從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。 3. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A. which

44、 B. it’s C. whose D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】 試題分析：考查定語從句。先行詞是“the World Food Programme”，“世界糧食項目”的目的之一是……， whose在定語從句中作定語，這里限定purposes，故選C。句意：1963年聯(lián)合國建立了世界糧食計劃署， 其目的之一就是為了緩解世界范圍內(nèi)的饑餓問題。 考點：考查定語從句 4. My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the m

45、oment. A. that B. whose C. his D. who 【答案】B 【解析】 試題分析：本句是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是My eldest son, 根據(jù)句意和空后名詞確定引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作定語，選項中只有whose修飾名詞作定語。故選B。 考點：考查定語從句。 【名師點睛】定語從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom, as， who在句中做主語，賓語，表語;whose做定語；where, why, when在句中做地點，原因和時間狀語。要分析定語從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)

46、的關(guān)系詞。 5. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise. A. whose B. why C. where D. which 【答案】A 【解析】試題分析：題目考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。a couple是先行詞，這對夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所屬關(guān)系，故用whose作定語，whose children相當(dāng)于the children of whom，故選A。 考點：考查定語從句 6.Many young people, most

47、 ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those 【答案】C 【解析】試題分析：考查定語從句。本題定語從句的先行詞是Many young people，關(guān)系代詞whom指代先行詞，在定語從句中作為介詞of的賓語。句意：很多年輕人都前往偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求它們的夢想，其中大部分人都是受過良好教育。故C正確。 【名師點睛】 “of whom / which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句：在非限制性定語從句

48、中，先行詞作為一個整體，表示整體中的一部分，即表示“部分與整體”的關(guān)系時，用…of which?/ whom或者of which / whom…都可以。但與表示所屬關(guān)系不同，這里不能用whose來代替of which。 一、表示整體中的部分 The buses,?most of which?were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.?公共汽車大多數(shù)都已經(jīng)擠滿了人，它們被憤怒的人群包圍著。 I picked up the apples,?some of which?were badly bruised.?我揀起那些蘋果，其中有

49、一些傷得很厲害。 I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box.?我買了一打雞蛋，六個在我失手掉了盒子時摔碎了。 There are two bottles left,?one of which?is almost finished and the other of which is not quite.?只剩兩瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶沒完全喝完。 The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Mus

50、eum.?這些寶藏已送往大英博物館，其中有一些是失而復(fù)得的。 二、表示所屬關(guān)系 He’s written a book, the name of which I’ve forgotten.?他寫了一本書，書名我忘了。 句中的the name of which=whose name。 It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered.?這是一項其細(xì)節(jié)不可更改的協(xié)定。 句中的the details of which=whose details。 考點：考查定語從句 7.Scientists have advan

51、ced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved. A. whom B. which C. what D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 試題分析：句意：關(guān)于人類為什么哭的時候會流淚，科學(xué)家已經(jīng)提出了很多理論，沒有一個被證明了。使用定語從句，先行詞是theories，指物，定語從句中用代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故選B。 考點：考查定語從句。 【名師點睛】定語從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主語，賓語，表語或者定語；where, why, when在句中做地點，原因和時間狀語。要分析定語從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。如果是代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞，注意先行詞是人用whom，先行詞是物用which。 13