（通用版）2019高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第三板塊 語(yǔ)法填空與短文改錯(cuò) NO.2 再研考點(diǎn) 第一層級(jí) 第四講 動(dòng)詞講義

第四講動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞是歷年高考的必考點(diǎn)，對(duì)動(dòng)詞有關(guān)知識(shí)的掌握是考生在語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)兩種題型中得高分的關(guān)鍵。動(dòng)詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語(yǔ)形式的變化(如時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和虛擬語(yǔ)氣)、非謂語(yǔ)形式的變化(如不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)及主謂一致。語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)兩種題型對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查基本圍繞動(dòng)詞的上述形式變化而設(shè)題。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化主要有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣和主謂一致。語(yǔ)法填空主要考查形式為給出提示詞動(dòng)詞，主要考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致(語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致)；短文改錯(cuò)主要考查這三種形式的誤用。虛擬語(yǔ)氣雖然在語(yǔ)法填空與短文改錯(cuò)中鮮有考查，但在寫作中屬于高級(jí)句式，它的合理運(yùn)用能給作文增色添彩，因此在二輪備考中，考生也應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)這一部分知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)。(一)考點(diǎn)練悟(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)My best friend Kaiya is like me. She 1._ (remind) me of myself. In the past, I 2._ (be) never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depressed. However, someone told me something that I will always remember.It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who 3._ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn't help crying. The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river. To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “You 4._ (be) perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5._ (accept) you for who you 6._ (be). But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7._ (inspire) by her words. Over the past few months, I 8._ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9._ (love) me for who I am.Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10._ (tell) me.答案：1.reminds2.was3.pointed4.are5.will accept6.are7.was inspired8.have learned9.love10.told(二)快捷技法思考趨向1填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化提示詞是動(dòng)詞，且空格位于主語(yǔ)之后，分析句子成分后發(fā)現(xiàn)句中找不到謂語(yǔ)，則所給動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該作謂語(yǔ)，此時(shí)要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。解題規(guī)則1如何確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)方法(1)通過“時(shí)態(tài)定義”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題準(zhǔn)確理解?？紩r(shí)態(tài)的定義是做題的根本。方法(2)通過“標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題在題干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, in the past few years, so far等都是判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)常用的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，做題時(shí)可以通過尋找“標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”來(lái)判定時(shí)態(tài)。方法(3)通過“動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題當(dāng)句中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的發(fā)生時(shí)間有一定的先后關(guān)系。我們可以根據(jù)這種先后關(guān)系來(lái)判定時(shí)態(tài)。方法(4)通過“語(yǔ)境暗示”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題有些題目在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過正確理解語(yǔ)境即通過題干中的語(yǔ)境暗示，也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的一條行之有效的方法。方法(5)通過“常用句式”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時(shí)要積累并熟記一些常用句式。2如何確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)，需要在弄懂句子基本意思的前提下才能完成。分析語(yǔ)境，弄明白所給動(dòng)詞與其對(duì)應(yīng)的主語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。如果所給動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該動(dòng)詞就用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如所給動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的承受者，該動(dòng)詞就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。注意：平時(shí)多積累、掌握一些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))的特殊用法，例如belong to不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；date back to/date from常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等。思考趨向2填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主謂一致變化除了要考慮謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化外，還要考慮主謂一致的變化。解題規(guī)則1可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。2在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。4就近原則：由either .or ., neither .nor ., not only .but (also) .等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。5就遠(yuǎn)原則：主語(yǔ)后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。6“every/each 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)and(every/each)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。7more than one或“many a可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。思考趨向3填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣變化確定空格處作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后，除了考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致外，還要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考慮動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣變化。解題規(guī)則1虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件從句中的用法情況從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過去式(be的過去式用were)should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反had doneshould/would/could/mighthave done與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過去式、should動(dòng)詞原形、were to動(dòng)詞原形should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原形2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在某些從句中的運(yùn)用(1)在suggest, order, demand, command, request, require, insist, desire, urge, recommend等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，要用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示愿望、建議、命令、要求等；由上述動(dòng)詞派生或轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中也要用相應(yīng)的虛擬形式。(2)在“It is/was某些形容詞/過去分詞that從句”句型中，that從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“should動(dòng)詞原形”。這些形容詞有important, vital, significant, necessary, natural, strange, astonishing, surprising等。過去分詞有desired, suggested, required, requested, recommended, ordered等。(3)在“It is (about/high) timethat從句”中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過去式或“should動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這個(gè)句型中的should不可省略。(4)在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句及wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had過去分詞”；與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/could動(dòng)詞原形”。(5)在would rather后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反，從句用一般過去時(shí)；表示與過去事實(shí)相反，從句用過去完成時(shí)。(一)考點(diǎn)練悟下文中共有8處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。請(qǐng)找出并改正。It was getting dark when I get home. It was cold and I was worn a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out my key but I can not find it. I suddenly remembered that I left it on my desk in the office. It really didn't make any difference. I knew my wife is at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I knock at the door.There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy told me at noon. He said that my wife had phoned saying that she will go shopping in the afternoon with the children.There was only one thing for me to do: I had to climb in through a window.答案：第一句：getgot第二句：wornwearing第三句：cancould第四句：left前加had第六句：iswas; knockknocked第十句：told前加had第十一句：willwould(二)快捷技法思考趨向1檢查幾種容易錯(cuò)用的時(shí)態(tài)是否存在錯(cuò)用情況在分析句子成分確定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后，如果存在下面的幾種時(shí)態(tài)，要仔細(xì)分析比對(duì)其用法區(qū)別，看是否有時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)用。解題規(guī)則1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的誤用若上下文敘述的是同一件事情，則時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)具有一致性。2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的誤用(1)看到so far, up to now, until now, since then, recently, lately, in the last/past few months/years, for一段時(shí)間等常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(2)在It/This/That be the first/second .time that從句中，如果be為is，從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果be為was，從句常用過去完成時(shí)。(3)在hardly/scarcely .when ./no sooner .than .句型中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)。3一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的誤用一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，常與確定的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還將持續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，不和確定的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I taught here two years ago. 兩年前我在這兒教書。I have taught here for fifteen years.我在這兒教書15年了。思考趨向2檢查是否存在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的誤用情況如果考查的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，需要檢查的是需要使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。解題規(guī)則1做題時(shí)要先判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，從而確定語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用是否正確。2系動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，要避免把系動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))當(dāng)作及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))而使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞不能再使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成錯(cuò)誤。其構(gòu)成形式應(yīng)為：be過去分詞。思考趨向3檢查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致通過分析句子成分找到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后，除了考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)外，還要找一下謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯主語(yǔ)，核查主謂是否一致。思考趨向4檢查是否存在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣的誤用情況如果考查的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，還需要檢查是否存在虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式的誤用。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的重要部分，是語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)的必考項(xiàng)目。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)、動(dòng)名詞，在句子中可以作除謂語(yǔ)以外的其他成分。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？键c(diǎn)主要為：動(dòng)詞不定式的功能，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法區(qū)別及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、省略等。該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容考查考生在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)、分析句子成分的能力。(一)考點(diǎn)練悟(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)A study 1._ (publish) in September suggests there is a 2._ (surprise) way to get people 3._ (avoid) unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers 4._ (answer) some questions on their personalities and food experiences. “One week later” Loftus says, “5._ (feed) the people, we told them to type their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail. 6._ (tell) that they had got sick after 7._ (eat) strawberry ice­cream, the researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人為促成的) memory through 8._ (lead) questions Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those 9._ (give) a false memory believed strawberry ice­cream once made them sick, and many said they'd avoid 10._ (eat) it.答案：1.published2.surprising3.to avoid4.to answer5Having fed6.Having been told7.eating8.leading9given10.eating(二)快捷技法思考趨向1填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式提示詞是動(dòng)詞時(shí)，分析句子成分已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且沒有連詞，則考慮填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。再通過分析句子成分若是缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則考慮填動(dòng)名詞或不定式；若缺少表語(yǔ)，則需要考慮填動(dòng)名詞、不定式或分詞。解題規(guī)則1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)一般情況下，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；而不定式作主語(yǔ)表示一次性的或具體的動(dòng)作。若不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把作真正主語(yǔ)的不定式或動(dòng)名詞后置。另外，不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)通常指將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)則表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征。不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)(1)不定式作賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣?？谠E決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。(2)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞(詞組)常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)口訣考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy(想象，設(shè)想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help(禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape下列短語(yǔ)常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand (無(wú)法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank you for, apologize for, be busy(in), have difficulty/trouble(in), have a good/wonderful/hard time(in), spend time(in)。(3)另外，有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面接不定式與接動(dòng)名詞意義不同思考趨向2填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式提示詞為動(dòng)詞，通過分析確定填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若所填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞時(shí)，則需要考慮所填詞作定語(yǔ)。此時(shí)需要考慮動(dòng)名詞、不定式和分詞。解題規(guī)則表示被動(dòng)、完成用過去分詞(done)；表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)；表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行用being done；表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作尚未進(jìn)行用to be done。點(diǎn)津：表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞­ing形式，意為“令人的”；動(dòng)詞­ed形式，意為“(人)感到的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名詞。思考趨向3填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式提示詞為動(dòng)詞，通過分析確定填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若所填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)句子賓語(yǔ)起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，則需要考慮所填詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。此時(shí)需要考慮分詞和不定式。解題規(guī)則1不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, compel, consider, declare, drive, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hire, instruct, invite, judge, know, like, order, permit等。2現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)：feel, find, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, listen to, look at, get, have, keep, leave, send, set等。特別提醒：使役動(dòng)詞get, have既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。get sb.to do sth./have sb.do sth.表示“使/讓某人去做某事”；have sb./sth.doing表示“使/讓某人/物一直做某事”，側(cè)重動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行；get sb./sth.doing表示“使某人/物開始行動(dòng)起來(lái)”，側(cè)重動(dòng)作的開始。3過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常用過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：have, make, get, find, see, notice, watch, hear, feel, want, like等。思考趨向4填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)形式提示詞為動(dòng)詞，通過分析確定填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，若所填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中不作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，則需要考慮所填詞作狀語(yǔ)。此時(shí)只需考慮分詞和不定式即可。解題規(guī)則1分詞作狀語(yǔ)分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，一般在句中作時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、伴隨等狀語(yǔ)。(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞表示的動(dòng)作是由句子主語(yǔ)執(zhí)行的，它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式即having done表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。(2)過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(3)某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，此時(shí)這些過去分詞表示一種狀態(tài)。這樣的詞(短語(yǔ))有：lost(迷路的), seated(坐), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿著), tired of(感到厭煩), faced with(面對(duì))等。2不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)主要用來(lái)表示目的，有時(shí)也可以表示結(jié)果、原因等。不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to, so as to等來(lái)替換，但so as to不能置于句首。(一)考點(diǎn)練悟下文中共有9處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。請(qǐng)找出并改正。Good afternoon, Ladies and gentlemen. It is a great honor for me introduce this English speech competition. As we all know, master a foreign language is very important for us. Take part in English speech is a helpful way to learn English. Everyone wants to showing their best. When we have been preparing for it, we can improve our listening and spoken ability, developing a good habit of learn English.In the process of the competition, you should pay attention to the rules making by us. First, you should make your voice hear clearly by everyone, so reading aloud is very necessary. Second, you should try your best to express yourself in English fluently. Finally, you should finish your speech in five minutes.I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and that the audience will feel satisfying with our performance. Thank you!答案：第二句：introduce前加to第三句：master前加to第四句：TakeTaking第五句：showingshow第六句：spokenspeaking; learnlearning第七句：makingmade第八句：hearheard第十一句：satisfyingsatisfied(二)快捷技法思考趨向解題規(guī)則1.檢查作主語(yǔ)或作介詞賓語(yǔ)，該用動(dòng)名詞是否錯(cuò)用了動(dòng)詞原形；檢查作賓語(yǔ)的不定式是否錯(cuò)用了動(dòng)名詞1.通過分析句子成分確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)還是賓語(yǔ)。2.熟記充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。2.檢查作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是否用錯(cuò)通過分析句子成分，確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，要檢查與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，從而確定是用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。通過“邏輯主語(yǔ)”這一線索檢查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否誤用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是所修飾的名詞或代詞；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的賓語(yǔ)。3.檢查“情感類”分詞形容詞是否錯(cuò)用檢查“情感類”分詞形容詞在作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)是否把過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞形式誤用?！扒楦蓄悺狈衷~形容詞在作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞常用來(lái)修飾事物，表示被修飾的詞本身具有的性質(zhì)，常譯為“令人的”；而過去分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞常用來(lái)修飾人，常譯為“(人)感到的”。課堂應(yīng)用體驗(yàn) .語(yǔ)法填空(2018·日照五校聯(lián)考)Many people may think the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum, is _1_ outstanding and old­fashioned museum. But, in recent years, the museum has been working hard _2_ (promote) Chinese cultural heritage among young people.The museum's online store now offers special cultural and _3_ (create) products. For example, in 2014, it started to make T­shirts that look like an emperor's coat. It also _4_ (sell) earphones that look like the necklaces worn by ancient officials, which brought _5_ about 1 billion yuan in sales in 2016, reported China Youth Daily.Last year, a documentary (紀(jì)錄片) _6_ (title) Masters in Forbidden City became popular online. The documentary is about the people _7_ job is to repair the relics in the museum. Many of these workers are young, and some are even in their _8_ (twenty)Some other _9_ (museum) across the country, such as the National Museum of China, _10_ (inspire) by the Palace Museum's efforts and are working on similar projects of their own.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了故宮博物院向年輕人宣傳中國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)，其他一些博物館也紛紛效仿的故事。1an考查冠詞。根據(jù)文意可知，此處表示泛指，故用不定冠詞；又因?yàn)榭蘸髥卧~“outstanding”的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故用冠詞an。2to promote考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。近年來(lái)，故宮博物院一直為了向年輕人宣傳中國(guó)文化遺產(chǎn)在努力。此處動(dòng)詞不定式用作目的狀語(yǔ)。3creative考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾空后的名詞。4sold考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。本句承接上文，講述2014年發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。5in考查介詞。bring in意為“賺得，掙”。故宮博物院也售賣看起來(lái)像古代官員佩戴的頸飾一樣的耳機(jī)，據(jù)中國(guó)青年報(bào)報(bào)道，這在2016年掙了大約十億元人民幣。6titled考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式用作名詞的后置定語(yǔ)，意為“名為的”。7whose考查定語(yǔ)從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾后面的名詞job，表示所屬關(guān)系，故填whose。8twenties考查固定用法。in one's twenties為固定用法，意為“在某人二十多歲的時(shí)候”。9museums考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。由空前的“Some other”可知，此處應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞museum的復(fù)數(shù)形式。下文的“are working on similar projects”也提示此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。10are inspired考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？仗幾髦^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意和空后的“by”可知，此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；又因?yàn)榭仗幣care working并列作謂語(yǔ)，故填are inspired。.短文改錯(cuò)(2018·福州四校聯(lián)考)When I was young, I lived in the countryside. At that time, the trees there were very green, that left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it gets dark, the air was cooler than it in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends but ran along the village happily. As the moon rose highly in the sky, the village was lighting. When I looked up, I could see the moon and a few star. They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside were so wonderful.答案：第二句：第二個(gè)thatwhich; 去掉much第三句：getsgot; 第二個(gè)itthat第四句：out后加of第五句：butand第六句：highlyhigh; lightinglighted/lit第七句：starstars第十句：werewas12