三年高考（2017-2019）高考英語真題分項(xiàng)匯編 專題22 短文改錯(cuò)（含解析）

三年（2017-2019）高考真題英語分項(xiàng)匯編專題22 短文改錯(cuò)一、2019年高考真題 1. 【2019·全國卷I】假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.【答案】I became in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.I stopped the ball and kicked it back to the playground. To everyones , the ball went into the net. All the football on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football. From on, I started to play football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了由于一次偶然的經(jīng)歷，自己喜歡上了踢足球。從此成了一名優(yōu)秀球員。第一處：【解析】考查形容詞用法?！癷nterest（使感興趣；使關(guān)注）”的形容詞有interesting（使人感興趣的）常修飾物；與interested（表現(xiàn)出興趣的）常修飾人。本句的意思為：多虧一個(gè)偶然的事件，我對踢足球產(chǎn)生了興趣。主語是I，故將interesting改為interested。第二處：【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞one afternoon表示時(shí)間在定語從句中作狀語，所以關(guān)系詞使用when。故將where改為when。第三處：【解析】考查冠詞。名詞football為可數(shù)名詞，前邊需要有限定詞。這里football第一次出現(xiàn)，故在football前加a。第四處：【解析】考查連詞。句意：突然一個(gè)足球落在我前邊并且差點(diǎn)打到我?！白闱蚵湎聛怼迸c“打到我”兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是順承關(guān)系，不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將but改為and。第五處：【解析】考查副詞?！癶ard（努力地；費(fèi)力地）”與“hardly（幾乎不；幾乎沒有）”都為副詞，但是詞義不同。本句意思為：我擋住足球，并使勁地將它踢回操場。故將hardly改為hard。第六處：【解析】考查固定搭配?！皌o ones + 名詞”在句中表示結(jié)果，“to ones surprise”意思為“使某人驚訝的是”。故將surprising改為surprise。第七處：【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)?！皃layer（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）”為可數(shù)名詞，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將player改為players。第八處：【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。本句句意：操場上所有的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員大聲歡呼，說我有足球天賦。句中謂語動(dòng)詞為cheered，say在這里作伴隨狀語。與主語players是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故將say改為saying。第九處：【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：從那時(shí)開始，我放學(xué)后跟同學(xué)一起踢足球。且“from now on（從現(xiàn)在開始）”后邊句子應(yīng)該表示從現(xiàn)在開始所發(fā)生動(dòng)作或存在的情況，不能用一般過去時(shí)。此處后面是一般過去時(shí)，表示“從那時(shí)起”是from then on，故將now改為then。第十處：【解析】考查固定搭配?！疤咦闱颉钡挠⒄Z表達(dá)為“play football”，中間不能加冠詞或者代詞。故將my去掉。2. 【2019·全國卷II】假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.【答案】Since I was a kid, Ive considered different I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so . Then, when I was in the grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal decided to be a doctor. were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other that I wanted to help people in need. 【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了從小到大自己的職業(yè)夢想隨著求學(xué)經(jīng)歷不斷改變的過程。第一處：【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)?！癹ob（工作；職業(yè)）”為可數(shù)名詞，用different（不同的）修飾時(shí)意思為不同種類的工作，應(yīng)該用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將job改為jobs。第二處：【解析】考查形容詞的用法。句中的“l(fā)ooked（看起來樣）”為系動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞后需用形容詞作表語。故將coolly改為cool。第三處：【解析】考查序數(shù)詞。年級、班級是按數(shù)字順序排列的，所以“在幾年級”中的數(shù)詞需要用序數(shù)詞。故將five改為fifth。第四處：【解析】考查副詞。句意：在五年級的時(shí)候，因?yàn)槲曳浅Ｏ矚g我的英語老師，所以我想變成一名老師?！皊o much”在句中一般表達(dá)肯定意思，可與that連用表示“如此以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般與to搭配，表達(dá)否定意思“太以至于不能”。本句話表達(dá)肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故將too改為very/so。第五處：【解析】考查介詞?！霸诟咧小毙枰媒樵~in或者at，故在high school前加in/at。第六處：【解析】考查連詞。句意：在高中學(xué)化學(xué)的時(shí)候，我重新考慮了自己的目標(biāo)并決定變成一名醫(yī)生。 “重新考慮”與“決定變成一名醫(yī)生”之間是順承關(guān)系，不是選擇關(guān)系。故將or改為and。第七處：【解析】考查there be句型。句意：有兩個(gè)原因可以解釋這個(gè)決定。句中的they在前邊句中找不到指代關(guān)系，且后邊句子中的one與the other是對這兩個(gè)原因的解釋。故將they改為there。第八處：【解析】考查形容詞用法?！癮maze（使驚奇；使驚愕）”形容詞形式有amazed（大為驚奇）與amazing（令人大為驚奇的）。本句話中主語為I，句意:病人看完醫(yī)生就會(huì)感覺好很多，對此我感到驚奇，而不是我令別人驚奇。故將amazing改為amazed。第九處：【解析】考查形容詞比較級。句中better為well（健康；身體好）的比較級形式，多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞構(gòu)成比較級用more 加形容詞或副詞，即more不能與berrer連用。故將more去掉。第十處：【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)。本篇文章使用的全是一般過去時(shí)，且與最后一句并列的“one was that”用的也是一般過去時(shí)，所以最后一句話時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)。講述當(dāng)時(shí)做決定時(shí)的原因。故將is改為was。3. 【2019·全國卷III】假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty". In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.【答案】 Ive had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to  a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it  a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an  cafe but a very special one. I want my cafehave a special theme such as  "Tang Dynasty". In the cafe, customers will enjoy  in the historical environment  is created for them. If I succeed in  one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different . Each of my cafes will have a different theme and  unique style.【詳解】第一處：【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表語，to后用動(dòng)詞原形。故把 opens改為 open。第二處：【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。短文的主體時(shí)態(tài)都是現(xiàn)代時(shí)。故把 required改為 requires。第三處：【解析】考查形容詞的用法。修飾名詞cafe，應(yīng)用形容詞。ordinarily 是副詞。故把 ordinarily改為 ordinary。第四處：【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。want sb to do sth“ 想要某人做某事”。故在have前加to。第五處：【解析】考查介詞的用法。such as和like都是用來舉例子，重復(fù)了。故把like刪除。第六處：【解析】考查代詞的用法。customers是句子的主語，故把 yourselves改為 themselves。第七處：【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞environment 在從句中做主語，指物，關(guān)系代詞用that/which。故 把what改為that/which。第八處：【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。succeed in doing something“成功的做了某事”。故把manage 改為managing。第九處：【解析】考查名詞的用法。many different后跟可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故把city改為cities。第十處：【解析】考查冠詞的用法。an用在元音音素前，a用在輔音因素前。unique是以輔音音素開頭的單詞，前用a。故把a(bǔ)n改為a。二、2018年高考真題 1.【2018·全國卷I】假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.【答案】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals. Last winter when I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, he agreed.【文章大意】 本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在去年寒假期間和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶過程中的所見所聞，由此講述了鄉(xiāng)下的巨大變化。第一處：countryside前加the考查冠詞。去年寒假，我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉(xiāng)下，故加定冠詞the。第二處：find改成found考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件發(fā)生在過去，故用一個(gè)過去時(shí)。故將find改成found。第三處：another改成other 考查形容詞的用法。他們住在一個(gè)小房子里，院子里有狗、鴨子和其他牲畜。根據(jù)句意可知，將another改成other。第四處：here改成there 考查副詞及語意理解。去年冬天我又一次去了那里。故將here改成there。第五處：chicken改成chickens 考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。他們擁有一個(gè)大的獨(dú)立住宅，還養(yǎng)了許多只雞。根據(jù)前文的dozens of可知，其后用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。第六處：which改成in which或where 考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。他們還有一個(gè)小池塘，里面養(yǎng)著魚。此處a small pond是先行詞，其在后面的定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用in which或where。第七處：sell改成selling 考查動(dòng)名詞。去年夏天他們通過賣魚掙了一大筆錢。此處介詞by后用動(dòng)名詞，故用selling。第八處：happily改成happy 考查形容詞作表語。他們的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高興。此處形容詞作表語，故將happily改成happy。第九處：刪除for 考查介詞的用法。時(shí)間名詞有every，each，last等詞修飾時(shí)，其前不用介詞。故刪除for。第十處：but改成and 考查并列連詞的用法。我計(jì)劃每兩年回來一次，他同意了。此處是并列關(guān)系，故將but改成and。2.【2018·全國卷I I】假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文，文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪改或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：（1）.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；(2).只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.【答案】When I was little, night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all in the sitting room. As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games them sometimes. I didnt realize how right my parents until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。小時(shí)候周五夜晚家長不允許作者看卡通片，而是讓他和他們一塊兒玩撲克牌游戲。長大后作者才明白，這些紙牌游戲在后來的生活中很有用。第一處：考查名詞。名詞作定語，往往表明被修飾名詞的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、類別、目的或用途、材料或來源等。名詞所有格作定語則強(qiáng)調(diào)與被修飾的詞的所有關(guān)系或表示邏輯上的謂語關(guān)系。此處表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有關(guān)系，故把Fridays改為Friday。第二處：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。all表示三者或三者以上，后用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故把sort改為sorts。第三處：考查冠詞。這里表示“作為一個(gè)孩子”，a用在表示泛指的單數(shù)名詞前，the表示特指。故把the改為a。第四處：考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：無論我要求多少次要去看（卡通片）。用不定式表示目的。故把watching改為watch。第五處：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。would后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故把to刪除。第六處：考查代詞。句意：他們會(huì)對我說玩紙牌有助于大腦。偷換人稱代詞，是對“我”說，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改為me。第七處：考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth.意為“不愿意做某事，不情愿做某事”。本文介紹的是過去的情況，故用過去時(shí)。所以在unwilling前加was。第八處：考查介詞。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一塊玩游戲”，故把for改為with。第九處：考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語境可知此處要用一般過去時(shí)。故把a(bǔ)re改為were。第十處：考查賓語從句的連接詞。句意：當(dāng)我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候我父母教給我的紙牌游戲在我日后的生活中證明非常有用。賓語從句連接詞并不是表示地點(diǎn)狀語，而是時(shí)間狀語。故把where改為when。3.【2018·全國卷III】假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文，文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪改或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well." Immediate, I raised my hand.【答案】It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just . Everyone was silent, to see who would be called upon to read his her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy. I was afraid to speak in front of a group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that leaning from textbooks, and as well.", I raised my hand.【文章大意】本文為記敘文。文章主要介紹了寫作課上作者克服恐懼心理主動(dòng)回答問題的故事。第一處：考查時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成。根據(jù)語境可知，句子用過去完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成是had done，所以begin要改為begun。第二處：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句子成分分析，本句有謂語為was，而且沒有連詞，與主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以wait 要用非謂語waiting，表伴隨。第三處：考查連詞。句意：每個(gè)人都沉默了，等著看誰會(huì)被要求朗讀他或她的段落。一次只能叫一個(gè)人，男女兩者是選擇關(guān)系，故把a(bǔ)nd改為or。第四處：考查固定搭配。be eager to do sth渴望做某事，故eager后加to。第五處：考查代詞。句意：我已經(jīng)完成了自己的作業(yè)。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改為定冠詞the也可以。第六處：考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。be afraid to do害怕做某事，所以that為多余，刪掉。第七處：考查比較級。句意：我不敢在一大群人面前說話。這里沒有比較的意思，故把larger改為large。第八處：考查主謂一致。that作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)includes。第九處：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。錯(cuò)誤不是一個(gè)，所以要用復(fù)數(shù)。第十處：考查副詞。此處要用副詞在句中做狀語修飾整個(gè)句子，故把immediate改為immediately。三、2017年高考真題 1.【2017·全國卷I】 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road. In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, once I started the car, my mind blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the , “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “ left!” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes , the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在暑假期間考駕照第一天發(fā)生的故事。第一處：eighteen改為eighteenth 考查數(shù)詞。句意：在我十八歲生日后的那個(gè)暑假。eighteen意思為“十八，十八個(gè)”，表示數(shù)量，eighteenth表示“第十八個(gè)的”，故將eighteen改為eighteenth。第二處：first前加the/my 考查冠詞。句意：我依然記得第一天是多么艱難。句中特指開始學(xué)駕照的第一天，所以在first前加上the。也可以加上my，my first day表示“我（學(xué)駕照）的第一天”，故在first前加the或my。第三處：so改為but/yet 考查連詞。根據(jù)句意可知作者本以為自己已經(jīng)掌握了教練的話，結(jié)果一發(fā)動(dòng)車，腦中一片空白，前后文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故將so改為but或yet。第四處：goes改為went 考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)前文中的started可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故將goes改為went。第五處：word改為words 考查單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：教練一直喊“加速！”“減速！”“左轉(zhuǎn)！”。word“單詞，消息”，words 可以表示為word的復(fù)數(shù)，也表示某人說的話，這里指教練說的那些話，故將word改為words。第六處：Turning改為Turn 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析語境可知教練的話“加速”，“減速”，“左轉(zhuǎn)”都是祈使句，根據(jù)前文“Speed up!” “Slow down!”也可以看得出來。祈使句應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形，故將Turning改為Turn。第七處：much去掉 考查固定句型。句意：我如此緊張以至于無法分辨哪個(gè)方向是左。固定句型so.that表示“如此以至于”，much為多余成分，故將much去掉。第八處：late改為later 考查副詞。late在此作副詞，late“遲地”，later“稍后、隨后”。此處表示“幾分鐘之后”，故將late改為later。第九處：suddenly改為sudden 考查形容詞。句意：我來了個(gè)緊急剎車。suddenly是副詞，表示“意外地，忽然地”。sudden為形容詞，表示“突然的；迅速的”，修飾名詞stop用形容詞，故將suddenly改為sudden。a sudden stop表示“急剎車”。第十處：on改為of 考查介詞。分析語境可知此處表示“在路中間急剎車”，on the road表示“在路上”，the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“the middle”，故將on改為of?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】1. 謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)，常見動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)錯(cuò)用；and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致；主謂不一致；缺少動(dòng)詞，特別是be動(dòng)詞；第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用；主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用。2. 名詞的常見錯(cuò)誤：單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用。例如第五處將 word改為words。word“單詞，消息”，words 可以表示為word的復(fù)數(shù)，也表示某人說的話，這里指教練說的那些話，故將word改為words。3. 冠詞錯(cuò)誤：誤用a和an（根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來判定）；誤用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠詞或少冠詞）例如第二處 first前加the或my。句中特指開始學(xué)駕照的第一天，所以在first前加上the。也可以加上my，my first day表示“我（學(xué)駕照）的第一天”，故在first前加the或my。4. 形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤：系動(dòng)詞（am/is/are/was/were/become/go）和感官動(dòng)詞（smell/feel等）后用形容詞；詞性的誤用（形容詞修飾名詞；副詞修飾動(dòng)詞和形容詞）。例如第九處將suddenly改為sudden。suddenly是副詞，表示“意外地，忽然地”。sudden為形容詞，表示“突然的；迅速的”，修飾名詞stop用形容詞，故將suddenly改為sudden。a sudden stop表示“急剎車”。5. 代詞錯(cuò)誤：代詞的主格和賓格（I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them）錯(cuò)誤；反身代詞（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）使用錯(cuò)誤；代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤；代詞指代錯(cuò)誤；多代詞或少代詞。6. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤：不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語、賓語時(shí)；and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致；介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語；某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。例如第六處將Turning改為Turn。分析語境可知教練的話“加速”“減速”“左轉(zhuǎn)”都是祈使句，根據(jù)前文“Speed up!”“Slow down!”也可以看出來。祈使句應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形，故將Turning改為Turn。7. 介詞錯(cuò)誤：詞組中的介詞誤用；介詞意思理解偏差；介詞的多用或少用。例如第十處將 on改為of。分析語境可知此處表示“在路中間急剎車”，on the road表示“在路上”，the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“the middle”，故將on改為of。2.【2017·全國卷I I】假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處；每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！【答案】Mr. and Mrs. Zhang work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools. , they often get some useful from the internet. When summer , they will invite their students pick the vegetables！【答案解析】【文章大意】本文主要講了張先生和張?zhí)娜粘９ぷ骱蜕?。第一處：all改為both：考查both和all的用法，both的主語是兩個(gè)，而all的主語是三個(gè)或者三個(gè)以上，故將all改為both。第二處：a改為an或one：考查冠詞，因?yàn)閔our音標(biāo)的首字母是元音，所以應(yīng)用an,故將a改為an或者one。第三處：interesting改為interested：考查形容詞，由于此句的主語是人，而interesting的主語是物，故將interesting改為interested。第四處：that改為which:考查非限制性定語從句，非限制性定語從句需要用which引導(dǎo)，故將that改為which。第五處：earlier改為early：考查副詞，earlier是形容詞比較級，不能修飾動(dòng)詞get up, 故將earlier改為early。第六處：將for去掉：考查動(dòng)詞，bought是及物動(dòng)詞，后無需跟介詞，故將for去掉。第七處：beside改為besides：考查連接詞，beside是介詞，“在旁邊”，而這里需要一個(gè)連接詞，故將beside改為besides。第八處：informations改為information：考查名詞，information是不可數(shù)名詞，故將informations改為information.第九處：came改為comes：考查時(shí)態(tài)，本文全篇為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故將came改為comes。第十處：pick改為to pick：考查動(dòng)詞，本句出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，所以要將第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉侵^語動(dòng)詞，又根據(jù)句意：摘新鮮的蔬菜是目的，所以把第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閠o do不定式的形式表目的，故將pick前加上to?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】高考短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)層次一般而言可依次分為詞法的測試、句法的測試和語篇的測試三個(gè)層面?？键c(diǎn)層次越高，就越能測試出考生運(yùn)用語言的能力。低層次的考點(diǎn)往往側(cè)重于語法方面的考查，而高層次的考點(diǎn)往往側(cè)重于考生對文章意義方面的理解。一、詞法改錯(cuò)詞法的測試包括：定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法；名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞的所有格；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞等；人稱代詞、人稱代詞的格、物主代詞、指示代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞等的用法；介詞的搭配；并列連詞、從屬連詞的用法；形容詞、副詞的區(qū)別以及比較級和最高級的用法；固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。例如：本題中的8.informations改為information 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)二、句法改錯(cuò)句法的測試包括：主謂語在數(shù)上的一致性；名詞性從句、定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句；句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對等性和邏輯性。例如：4.that改為which 考查非限制性定語從句。三、語篇改錯(cuò)語篇的測試包括：上下文的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；上下文中的代詞指代是否一致；上下文中的邏輯關(guān)系是否一致。例如：9.came改為comes 考查時(shí)態(tài) 3.【2017·全國卷III】假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。When I look at this picture of myself. I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.【答案】When I look at this picture of myself. I realize how fast time flies. I grown not only physically, also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was , I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of