2015年高中英語 Unit18 主謂一致 語法考點(diǎn)超級歸納素材

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1、Unit18 主謂一致 語法考點(diǎn)超級歸納素材 主謂一致（Concord）是指主語與謂語在人稱和數(shù)等方面的一致。關(guān)于主謂一致，有三個原則：語法一致（Grammatic Concord）、意義一致（Notional Concord）和鄰近一致（Proximity Concord）。 考點(diǎn)一：語法一致 語法一致是指主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上一致。 主語的形式 用法說明 例句 不同形式的主語 主語是一個單數(shù)名詞、一個動名詞短語、一個不定式短語或一個主語從句時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，兩個或兩個以上動名詞短語、不定式短語或主語從句時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 Most Londo

2、ners are not happy with the idea. 大多數(shù)倫敦人不贊同這個主張。 Keeping plants alive during long land or sea voyages was an enormous challenge. 使植物在水陸遠(yuǎn)距離航行時存活，是一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。 The question of whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer. 將來英語是否會繼續(xù)變化，這個問題很容易回答。 Giving up using the Net is th

3、e best decision I’ve ever made. 放棄使用因特網(wǎng)是我所做的最好的決定。 Bushwalking, fishing, horse riding, tennis, golf and sailing are all popular. 叢林徒步旅行、釣魚、騎馬、網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動、高爾夫球運(yùn)動和帆船運(yùn)動都很受歡迎。 跟有介詞短語的主語 主語后面跟有介詞短語或其他插入語，如with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, like, but, except, including, in addition to,

4、such as等，不影響主語的人稱和數(shù)，謂語根據(jù)主語的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定 Healthy eating along with exercise is the only way to become fit. 健康的飲食加上經(jīng)常鍛煉是保持健康的唯一途徑。 Pronunciation, as well as grammar and vocabulary, changes very quickly from one area to another. 發(fā)音與語法和詞匯一樣，在各個不同的地方都變化很快。 Everyone here, including your daughter, is beha

5、ving very coldly towards you. 這里的每一個人，包括您的女兒，都對您很冷淡。 Flies, wasps, beetles, and other animals such as birds and bats are less common. 蒼蠅、黃蜂、甲蟲和其它諸如鳥、蝙蝠之類的動物是較少見的。 不定代詞作主語 主語是不定代詞one, another, the other, either, each, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, any- one, everyone, no one, s

6、omething, anything, everything, nothing時，謂語用單數(shù)形式 Everyone was calm. 每個人都很鎮(zhèn)靜。 No one asks him to do the job, and no one pays him for it. 沒有人要求他做這個工作，也沒有人為此付錢給他。 Nobody knows exactly how many species of plants and animals there are on Earth. 沒有人確切地知道地球上有多少種植物和動物。 One is from the USA and the

7、other two are from the UK. 一個來自美國，另外兩個來自英國。 Another is to ensure all children complete primary education. 另外一個（目標(biāo)）是確保所有的孩子都能完成初級教育。 復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞作主語 主語是glasses, shorts, shoes, gloves, scissors, trousers等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若其前有“pair / kind / type ...＋of”時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與pair, kind, type等的數(shù)一致 The trousers are al

8、l right. Now please try on the shirt. 褲子很合身?，F(xiàn)在請試穿襯衫。 A pair of shoes is lying under the bed. 床底下放著一雙鞋子。 Thousands of pairs of glassess are produced in this factory each year. 每年這個廠生產(chǎn)成千上萬副眼鏡。 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that在從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞要與定語從句所修飾的先行詞的數(shù)一致 I turned around and g

9、lared at the person who was humming. 我轉(zhuǎn)過身瞪著那個正在小聲哼唱的人。 We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago. 我們看到了廢棄的農(nóng)場，這些農(nóng)場是一百多年前建成的。 注意： 1）“more than＋單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，盡管表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，但謂語習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)。例如：More than one student was absent yesterday. 昨天不止一名學(xué)生缺課。“many a＋單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語也用單數(shù)。例如：Many

10、a tourist has died in that terrible snowstorm. 許多游客在那次暴風(fēng)雪中喪生。 2）若先行詞是“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，定語從句的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而當(dāng)先行詞為“the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時，定語從句的謂語則用單數(shù)形式。例如：She is one of the persons who know that strange language. 她是懂那門奇怪語言的人們中的一個。She is the only one (of the persons) who knows that strange language. 她是懂那門奇怪語言

11、的唯一的人。 考點(diǎn)二：意義一致 意義一致是指謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與主語的意義一致。 主語的形式 用法說明 例句 -s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語 主語是maths, physics, politics等名詞時，謂語用單數(shù)形式 Do you think physics is difficult to learn? 你認(rèn)為物理難學(xué)嗎？ Maths is one of the most important courses in middle schools. 數(shù)學(xué)是中學(xué)里最重要的課程之一。 復(fù)數(shù)意義的集體名詞作主語 主語是people（人民），police, cattle, p

12、oultry (家禽)等名詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 Peopleoftenuse body language on purpose. 人們經(jīng)常故意使用肢體語言。 Police have not ruled out the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens, but are also looking into other possibilities. 警察沒有排除賈斯汀被外星人帶走的可能性，但是他們也在調(diào)查其他的可能性。Dairy cattle are now specialized animals, and most of them

13、 give large volumes of milk. This milk is made into various products, including cheese, yogurt, butter, and ice cream. 乳?，F(xiàn)為特種動物，大多數(shù)產(chǎn)奶量大。這些牛奶制成各種不同的產(chǎn)品，如奶酪、酸奶、黃油和冰激凌。 集體名詞作主語 主語是audience, class, crowd, committee, family, group, team等名詞時，如果作為整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果當(dāng)作一個個成員看待，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 Who is the audience f

14、or your ad campaign? 誰是你廣告宣傳活動的受眾？ Our group are all going to visit the chimps in the forest. 我們一行人都準(zhǔn)備去拜訪森林里的黑猩猩。 The government has also invested money in cleaning the river. 政府也正在投資凈化河水。 某些不定代詞作主語 主語是不定代詞all, some, any, neither, none, more, most以及the rest, half等時，若指代不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語用單數(shù)形式；若指代復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名

15、詞時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式 All of this is wonderful, but the best part of the film is the acting. 所有這些都很精彩，但電影最精彩的部分是表演。 All of these processes are a form of natural evolution. 所有這些過程都是自然進(jìn)化的一種形式。 Some of the techniques of good readers are discussed below. 以下討論優(yōu)秀讀者的一些技巧。 None of these actions is either good or b

16、ad. 這些行為都無所謂好壞。 About half the kids take the bus to school and the other half come by car with their parents. 大約一半的孩子乘公交車上學(xué)，另外一半的孩子由父母開車送到學(xué)校。 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語 主語是deer, fish, sheep, means, works, Chinese, Japanese等詞時，要視其意義來確定謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式 The Chinese are the friendliest people I have ever met. 中國人

17、是我所見過的最友好的人民。 Some fish attract other fish with a light on their body — and then eat them! 有些魚用身上的光吸引其他的魚，然后吃掉它們！These art works are not all displayed at the same time. 這些藝術(shù)品并不是同時展出的。 The steel works lies in the east of the town. 這家鋼鐵廠位于城東。 分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語 主語是“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞”時，要根據(jù)of后的名詞的數(shù)來確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

18、 All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的市內(nèi)醫(yī)院、75%的工廠和建筑物、90%的家園都消失了。 For example, 80% of e-mails on the Internet are in English. 比如，因特網(wǎng)上80%的電子郵件用的是英語?！　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　bout two thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered by the seas w

19、hich are home to millions of species of plants and animals. 地球表面大約三分之二被海洋覆蓋，這里是上百萬植物和動物的棲居地。 表示時間、距離等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語 主語是表示時間、距離、重量、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式 Ten pounds is enough. 10英鎊就夠了。 A hundred miles is a long distance. 100英里是一段很長的距離。 Twenty years isn’t a long time. 20年的時間不長。 Today, five years in

20、 a job is a long time and some people even change jobs every two years. 如今，從事一份工作5年是很長的一段時間，有些人甚至每兩年就換一次工作。 “名詞＋and＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語 并列主語“名詞＋and＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示同一個人，同一件事或同一種概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 Bread and milk is healthy food. 面包牛奶是健康食品。 Fish and chips is popular with children. 炸魚和土豆片很受孩子喜愛。 The poet and writer

21、is coming to our school tomorrow. 那位詩人兼作家明天要來我們學(xué)校。 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只學(xué)習(xí)不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。 My friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very helpful to me. 我的朋友兼導(dǎo)游王平對我?guī)椭艽蟆? “each / every＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋單數(shù)名詞”等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語 當(dāng)“each / every＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋單數(shù)名詞”或“each / every＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋each / every＋單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)

22、作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 In other words, every action and movement in Beijing Opera is important. 換句話說，京劇中每一個動作和姿勢都很重要。 Each boy and each girl has a beautiful dream. 每位少男少女都有美好的夢想。 注： 1）復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作主語時，通常作為整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The United States is a developed country.

23、 美國是個發(fā)達(dá)國家。 2）“a number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“許多……”，作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“the number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“……的數(shù)目/數(shù)量”，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The number of young people with money to spend was on the increase － and sport had never been so popular. 有錢消費(fèi)的年輕人的數(shù)量在增加，而體育運(yùn)動也得到前所未有的普及。A number of students are going abroad for further study. 很多學(xué)生打算出國

24、深造。 3）疑問代詞who, which, what作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)要視語境而定。例如：Who likes / like playing computer games? 誰喜歡玩電腦游戲？What is / are on the table? 桌子上有什么？Which is / are your favourite book / books? 你最喜愛的書是哪一本/哪幾本？ 考點(diǎn)三：鄰近一致 鄰近一致是指謂語動詞的形式與其最鄰近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致。 主語的形式 用法說明 例句 由連詞連接的并列主語 當(dāng)or, either…or, neither…nor,

25、 whether…or, not only…but (also)等連接并列的主語時，謂語與鄰近的主語一致 Either you or I amwrong. 不是你錯了，就是我錯了。 Is he or she still your best friend? 他還是她依然是你最好的朋友？ Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者選派一個你的學(xué)生去參加明天的會議。 倒裝句中的多個主語 由there或here引起的句子中，主語又不止一個，謂語通常和鄰近的

26、那個主語一致 There were two worn armchairs, a few shabby cushions, an electric kettle, but no curtains. 有兩張破舊的扶手椅、幾個破爛的靠墊、一個電水壺，但是沒有窗簾。 There’s also a lovely café and restaurants there. 那里也有一家很好的咖啡館，還有一些餐館。 小貼士： 一句多譯：哪類書對我們有益？ ① What kind of book is helpful to us? ② What kind of books are helpful to us? ③ What kinds of book are helpful to us? ④ What kinds of books are helpful to us?