掩護(hù)式液壓支架的設(shè)計[四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)]
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外文資料翻譯
學(xué)生姓名: 王士余
專業(yè)班級: 機(jī)制 0803
指導(dǎo)教師: 商德勇
河北工程大學(xué)機(jī)電學(xué)院
2012 年 6 月
據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計,開采中被遺棄在地下的薄煤層煤炭資源達(dá)90 億t 以上。由于薄煤層地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜,采煤工作面空間狹小,機(jī)械化程度低,投入產(chǎn)出比高,致使薄煤開采工藝技術(shù)發(fā)展緩慢。隨著計算機(jī)技術(shù)和自動化技術(shù)的日益提高,煤礦綜采液壓支架電液控制系統(tǒng)得到不斷推廣應(yīng)用,大大提高了煤礦生產(chǎn)效率和自動化程度,從而實現(xiàn)了薄煤層開采綜合機(jī)械化的新突破。根據(jù)峰峰集團(tuán)黃沙礦薄煤層地質(zhì)條件,河北天擇重型機(jī)械有限公司開發(fā)研制了電液控制薄煤層液壓支架ZY3300/07/13,采用pm32型電液控制系統(tǒng),與薄煤層采煤機(jī)和刮板輸送機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)聯(lián)動,由程序控制協(xié)調(diào)完成各工序,薄煤層工作面機(jī)械化程度大大提高。
1 薄煤層液壓支架ZY3300/07/13 電液控制系統(tǒng)的配置組成
(1)薄煤層液壓支架ZY3300/07/13 的結(jié)構(gòu)見圖1,支架型式是兩柱掩護(hù)式,工作阻力3 300 kN,高度0.7~1.3 m,中心距1.5 m, 采高0.9~1.2 m,主要由頂梁、掩護(hù)梁、前后連桿、底座、推移桿、立柱、平衡千斤頂、底調(diào)千斤頂、液壓系統(tǒng)等組成,支架控制系統(tǒng)采用pm32 型電液控制系統(tǒng), 根據(jù)煤礦采煤工藝的要求,可靈活選擇多重控制方式,可選擇手動單架控制,鄰架控制,成組程序控制,工作面運輸巷內(nèi)主控制器全工作面可編程遙控。
圖1 支架結(jié)構(gòu)組成
(2)液壓支架電液控制系統(tǒng)的配置電液控制系統(tǒng)。單架控制系統(tǒng)以控制器為核心,主要由支架控制器、立柱壓力傳感器、推移千斤頂行程傳感器、電液換向閥組、紅外線檢測器(發(fā)射器安裝在采煤機(jī))等組成
,
配置連接見圖2。通過連接器、耦合器等將每個支架的控制器互聯(lián), 再配置雙路電源箱、總線提升器等組成一個計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò),可實現(xiàn)多重控制方式。整個工作面的配置及連接見圖3。
圖2 單架控制系統(tǒng)
1.電液換向閥組2.推移千斤頂位移傳感器3.立柱壓力傳感器4.紅外線接收器5.電磁線圈驅(qū)動器圖3 整個工作面的配置
1.支架控制器2.隔離耦合器3.雙路電源箱4.總線提升器5.網(wǎng)絡(luò)終
端器6.架間連接器7.電源-耦合器連接器8.耦合器-本架控制器連
接器9.耦合器-鄰架控制器連接器
2 電液控制系統(tǒng)控制過程
工作面內(nèi)各個支架控制器與主控制器連成一個計算機(jī)網(wǎng),形成一個有機(jī)整體。主控器設(shè)在工作面運輸巷內(nèi)指揮作業(yè),它是全工作面電液控制系統(tǒng)的中樞,將接收到的工作面支架控制器信息和采煤機(jī)信息分析處理后反饋給支架控制器,支架控制器將根據(jù)主控臺反饋的信息、支架壓力傳感器和位置傳感器傳來的信號判斷處理后,對電磁閥發(fā)出控制信號,控制支架完成相應(yīng)的動作,同時將支架信息反饋給主控器,主控器根據(jù)監(jiān)測到的信息,及時修改控制器運行參數(shù),協(xié)調(diào)采煤機(jī)與支架同步運行。
3 電液控制系統(tǒng)的主要功能
(1)通過支架上安裝的壓力傳感器、行程傳感器、電液控制閥,實現(xiàn)液壓支架的自動移架、自動推移輸送機(jī)等單架(鄰架)非自動控制,自動順序聯(lián)動,成組自動控制,也可以對支架的單個功能控制。
(2)以采煤機(jī)位置為依據(jù)的支架自動控制。采煤機(jī)上安裝的位置檢測裝置將檢測到的采煤機(jī)位置信息傳給系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)根據(jù)工作面的作業(yè)規(guī)程和采煤機(jī)位置的信息自動發(fā)出命令指揮相應(yīng)的支架控制器控制支架自動完成相應(yīng)的動作指令。
(3) 支柱在工作中發(fā)生卸載時的自動補壓功能。支柱在支撐中如因某種原因發(fā)生壓力降落,當(dāng)壓力降至某一設(shè)定值時, 系統(tǒng)會自動執(zhí)行升柱,補壓到規(guī)定壓力,并可執(zhí)行多次,保證支護(hù)質(zhì)量。
(4)閉鎖及緊急停止功能。為安全目的不允許工作面某處支架動作時,可操作支架控制器上的閉鎖鍵將本支架閉鎖,同時在軟件作用下還將左右鄰架也閉鎖,只有解鎖操作后才可恢復(fù)。當(dāng)工作面發(fā)生可能危及安全生產(chǎn)的緊急情況,需要立即停止或禁止支架的自動動作時,可按壓任意一個支架控制器上的緊急停止按鍵(與閉鎖鍵共用), 全工作面支架自動動作立即停止并在急停解除前自動控制功能被禁止。
(5)可設(shè)置主控計算機(jī),在井下工作面巷道實現(xiàn)對工作面設(shè)備進(jìn)行監(jiān)控和控制,可實現(xiàn)跟機(jī)自動控制或與其他設(shè)備的聯(lián)合控制,也可實現(xiàn)在地面對工作面設(shè)備的控制。
4 電液控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用到薄煤層液壓支架中的突出優(yōu)點
電液控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用到薄煤層液壓支架,實現(xiàn)了復(fù)雜地質(zhì)條件下薄煤開采綜合機(jī)械化的新突破,其優(yōu)點更為突出,使薄煤工作面的生產(chǎn)和管理發(fā)生了根本性的變化,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著。
(1)大大提高了薄煤層綜采自動化程度電液控制系統(tǒng)與采煤機(jī)和刮板輸送機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)配合聯(lián)動, 可實現(xiàn)薄煤層開采工作面的自動化,煤礦薄煤層綜采自動化程度大大提高。電液控制系統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)程控制功能, 使井下無人工作面成為現(xiàn)實,較好地解決了薄煤層自動化開采問題。
(2)可實現(xiàn)工作面的平直推進(jìn)。
移架步距準(zhǔn)確, 多架可同時推移刮板輸送機(jī),采煤機(jī)截深準(zhǔn)確, 可以保持工作面輸送機(jī)的直線性,實現(xiàn)工作面的平直推進(jìn)。另外使輸送機(jī)緩慢彎曲,避免溜槽連接處產(chǎn)生過大應(yīng)力。
(3)顯著改善了工作面頂板的支護(hù)狀況,提高了安全生產(chǎn)系數(shù)
電液控制系統(tǒng)集監(jiān)測和控制于一體,能有效保證工作面液壓支架的初撐力,帶壓擦頂移架,有效防止前方片幫冒頂,利于保護(hù)頂板圍巖的穩(wěn)定。合理解決了液壓支架初撐力達(dá)不到額定阻力和帶壓移架問題, 為改善工作面頂板的維護(hù)提供有利條件,可減少頂板事故。另外操作人員可鄰架控制,遠(yuǎn)離工作面控制,故可避免沖擊地壓粉塵等礦井災(zāi)害的襲擾,保證人員的安全。
(4)降低了煤礦工人的勞動強度,改善了工人的工作環(huán)境
在巷道內(nèi)操作就能完成工作面內(nèi)的破煤、裝煤和運煤等各工序,使薄煤層工作面簡單化,減少和改善了薄煤層采煤工人在工作面內(nèi)爬行的工作狀況,安全有了可靠保障,極大地改善了工人的勞動條件和勞動環(huán)境,工人不再進(jìn)入工作面而是在巷道內(nèi)操作機(jī)器,降低了勞動強度;工作面內(nèi)用人少,提高了人工工效;
(5)生產(chǎn)效率大大提高,提升了煤礦經(jīng)濟(jì)效益
在薄煤層工作面,原先受煤礦地質(zhì)條件和作業(yè)空間的限制,機(jī)械化程度低,生產(chǎn)效率低。采用電液控制系統(tǒng)后,由計算機(jī)合理安排采煤工序,取消了人工控制過程的輔助時間,移架速度快,同時可以對多個支架編組進(jìn)行控制操作,可實現(xiàn)跟機(jī)定量推溜和自動移架,大幅度提高了采煤機(jī)械的利用率和生產(chǎn)效率,同時也給煤礦帶來了可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
(6)電液控制方式靈活多樣,適用性強
煤礦可根據(jù)本礦的地質(zhì)條件和采煤工藝,靈活選擇多重控制方式來適應(yīng)地質(zhì)條件的變化,對于各種困難地質(zhì)條件和局部構(gòu)造適用性強,特別是對于薄煤層地質(zhì)條件和大傾角液壓支架,其優(yōu)點更為突出。
(7)提高了煤礦資源的利用率
過去產(chǎn)出效率低,一般薄煤層單產(chǎn)只是中厚煤層的1/3 或更少。掘進(jìn)率高,開采成本明顯高于中厚煤層,許多煤礦對薄煤層開采較少,甚至不考慮薄煤開采,隨著電液控制技術(shù)在液壓支架中的應(yīng)用,近年來薄煤層開采得到較快發(fā)展, 以前不愿或不能開采的薄煤層被開采,煤礦資源得到有效開采利用。
5 結(jié)語
ZY3300/07/13 液壓支架是峰峰集團(tuán)第1 套全工作面實現(xiàn)電液控制的薄煤層液壓支架。采用電液控制系統(tǒng)有效地解決了復(fù)雜條件下薄煤層高產(chǎn)高效開采的技術(shù)問題,大大提高了薄煤層開采的機(jī)械化程度。將電液控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用在薄煤層支架中,其優(yōu)點更為突出。目前,ZY3300/07/13 液壓支架正在峰峰集團(tuán)黃沙礦使用,其帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益明顯高于峰峰集團(tuán)小屯礦和大樹村礦使用的手動控制薄煤層液壓支架帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,電液控制薄煤層液壓支架推廣應(yīng)用前景廣闊。
According to incomplete statistics, abandoned underground mining of thin coal seams
T of coal resources of 9.0 billion or more. Complex geological conditions of the thin coal seam
Complex, coal face space is small, low level of mechanization, input-output
Ratio, resulting in thin coal mining technology development is slow. As computing
Machine technology and the increasing automation, coal mines of hydraulic support
Electro-hydraulic control system aircraft to continuously promote the use, greatly improving the coal
Mine production efficiency and automation in order to achieve a thin seam mining
Breakthrough mechanized. According to sand mining thin seams Fengfeng Group
Geological conditions, selection Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. Hebei, developed a
Electro-hydraulic control of thin coal hydraulic support ZY3300/07/13, by pm32
Electric hydraulic control system, and the thin seam coal mining and conveyor control
Linkage system of systems, control and coordination by the program to complete the process, thin seam
Face greatly increased the degree of mechanization.
A thin seam of hydraulic support ZY3300/07/13 electro-hydraulic control system
Configuration composed of
(1) thin seam structure of hydraulic support ZY3300/07/13 see
Figure 1, the bracket are two types of the covering, working resistance 3 300 kN,
Height of 0.7 ~ 1.3 m, center distance of 1.5 m, mining height 0.9 ~ 1.2 m, mainly
From the top beam, covering beams, before and after the connecting rod, base, bed bar, column, flat
Balanced jack, tune the bottom jack, hydraulic system, etc., support the control
Pm32-type system uses electro-hydraulic control system, according to coal mining workers
Arts requirements, the flexibility to select multiple control modes, manual
Single-frame control, frame control neighborhood, group process control, transportation Lane Face
Full-face within the programmable remote master controller.
(2) electro-hydraulic control system of hydraulic support the configuration of electro-hydraulic control
System. Single frame controller as the core control system, mainly by the bracket
Controller, column pressure sensors, sensor trip over jack,
Electro-hydraulic valve group, the infrared detector (transmitter installed in the coal mining
Machine) etc.
Configuration is shown in Figure 2. Through the connector, coupler
Interconnect controller for each bracket, and then configure the dual power supply box, the total
Line enhancer composed of a computer network, can achieve multiple control
Way. The configuration of the entire face and is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 2 Single-frame control system
1. Electro-hydraulic valve group 2. Goes jack displacement sensor 3. Column pressure sensor
Device 4. IR receiver 5. Electromagnetic coil driver
Figure 3, the configuration of the entire face
1. Stent controller 2. Isolation coupler 3. Dual Power Box 4. Bus riser 5. Network termination
Terminal device 6. Frame between the connector 7. Power - Coupler connector 8. Couplers - with the frame controller
Connector 9. Couplers - o shelf controller connector
2 electro-hydraulic control system control process
Face of each bracket within the controller and the host controller into a connected
A computer network to form an organic whole. In the work of master
Surface transportation lane command operations, it is the whole face electro-hydraulic control system
The center, will receive the controller information and mining working face
Information analysis and processing machine back to the stand after the controller, the controller bracket
Feedback information according to the console, bracket and location of pressure sensors
Determine the sensor signal processing came after the issue of control of the solenoid valve
Signal, control bracket to complete the appropriate action, while the bracket information
Feedback to the master, master the information to the monitoring and timely repair
Change the controller operating parameters, coordination and support synchronous operation Shearer.
3 electro-hydraulic control system functions
(1) through the bracket installed on the pressure sensor, travel sensor
Devices, electro-hydraulic control valve, the automatic transfer of hydraulic support frame, automatically push
Moving conveyor, such as single frame (o-planes) of non-automatic control, automatic sequence associated
Move into a group of automatic control, can also support a single function control.
(2) shearer location-based support automation. Mining
Installed on coal-position detection device will detect the position of Shearer
Home information to the system, the system operating under the rules and mining face
Coal location information automatically support an order commanding the corresponding control
Control bracket system automatically orders the appropriate action.
(3) pillars of the work occurring in the auto-fill pressure unloading function
Energy. As a result of the support pillars in the pressure drop occurs for some reason, when
When the pressure down to a set value, the system will automatically lift column, make
Pressure to the required pressure, and can perform multiple, supporting quality assurance.
(4) Locking and emergency stop functions. Not allowed for security purposes
Face somewhere bracket action, the operational support of the closure on the controller
Lock key to lock the bracket, while the software will be left under the action of o
Frame is also closed, and only unlock after restore operation.
When the face that may endanger the safety of emergency situations,
Need to immediately stop or disable the automatic action stent can press any
A bracket means the emergency stop button on the controller (with latch key Total
Use), all working face automatic action to immediately stop and emergency stop solution
In addition to automatic control functions are disabled before.
(5) can be set to the host computer, implemented in the underground tunnel face
Is on the face equipment monitoring and control can be realized with the automatic
Control or joint control with other equipment can also be realized in the face
Face control.
4 electro-hydraulic control system applied to the thin seam of the outstanding merits of hydraulic support
Electro-hydraulic control system applied to the thin coal hydraulic support to achieve
Thin under complicated geological conditions of the new breakthroughs in mechanized coal mining, its
Advantage is more prominent, so thin coal face of production and management have taken place
Fundamental changes, significant economic benefits.
(1) greatly increased the degree of automation Thin Seam Mining
Electro-hydraulic control system and shearer and conveyor control
With the linkage system can achieve automatic thin coal seam face
Technology, coal Thin Seam Mining greatly increased degree of automation. Electro-hydraulic control
Remote control system of the system, so that no one face into mine now
Fact, solved the problem of thin seam mining automation.
(2) can achieve straight face forward.
Frame accurate step move, multi-rack conveyor over the same time,
Shearer deep and accurate, can keep a straight face conveyor
, To achieve face straight forward. In addition to the slow curve conveyor
Music, to avoid generating too large chute connection stress.
(3) significantly improved the status of the supporting roof and improve
The safety factor
Electro-hydraulic control system set to monitor and control in one, can effectively protect
Card Face the setting load of hydraulic support, frame shift with pressure rub the top of the effective
To prevent the front of the slide and roof fall, which will help protect the roof rock of stability. Co
Management to solve the hydraulic support force of less than the rated resistance and with pressure
Moving frame issues, to improve the maintenance of roof to provide favorable conditions
Parts, can reduce the roof accident. In addition the operator can control the adjacent shelf, far
Control away from the face, it can avoid the burst of dust and other mine disasters
The harassment and ensure staff safety.
(4) reduce the labor intensity of the mine workers and improve working conditions for workers
Operation can be done in the tunnel face in the breaking of coal, coal loading
And coal and other processes, so that a thin seam simplification, reduction and
Improved thin seam coal mining workers in the face like the work within the crawl
Conditions, a reliable security guarantee, which greatly improved the labor
Conditions and working environment, workers no longer enter the face but in the roadway
The operation of machinery, reducing the labor intensity; face in employing less, provided
Artificial high efficiency;
(5), greatly improving production efficiency, improve economic efficiency of coal mine
In thin seam, the original work by the geological conditions and coal mines
Space constraints, the low degree of mechanization, low production efficiency. Using electro-hydraulic
Control system, reasonable arrangements for coal mining operations by the computer, eliminating
Auxiliary manual control process time frame moving fast, and can
Grouping of multiple stents to control operation can be realized with the machine to push the quantitative
Slip and automatic shifting planes, substantially increased the utilization of coal mining machinery and
Production efficiency, but also to mine brought considerable economic benefits.
(6) flexible electro-hydraulic control, applicability
Coal mines in accordance with the geological conditions and mining technology, flexible
Multiple control options to adapt to changes in geological conditions, for all
Kinds of difficult geological conditions and local structures in application, especially for
Geological conditions and thin coal seam inclined hydraulic support, and its advantages more sudden
Out.
(7) increased utilization of coal resources
Over the past output efficiency is low, generally yield only a thin seam of coal in the thick
Layer 1 / 3 or less. Tunneling rate, mining costs are significantly higher than in the thick
Coal, many coal mines on the thin coal seam less, even without considering the thin coal
Mining, with electro-hydraulic control technology in the application of hydraulic supports in recent years
To be rapid development of thin coal seam, mining previously unwilling or unable to
Thin coal seam is mined, the effective exploitation of coal resources.
5 Conclusion
ZY3300/07/13 peak hydraulic support is the whole set of working group 1
Electro-hydraulic control for the surface to achieve the thin seam hydraulic support. Using electro-hydraulic control
System to effectively solve the complex system under the condition of high efficiency thin coal seam
Exploitation of technical problems, greatly improving the mechanization of thin seam mining
Level. Electro-hydraulic control system will be applied in thin seam support, its excellent
Point more prominent. Currently, ZY3300/07/13 hydraulic support is the peak
Sand mining use Feng Group, which was significantly higher than the peak of the economic benefits
Peak Group Xiaotun mining and tree mining village of thin coal seams using manual control
Economic benefits of hydraulic supports, electro-hydraulic control of the hydraulic support Thin Seam
Frame application prospect.
實習(xí)成績:
河北工程大學(xué)機(jī)電學(xué)院
畢業(yè)實習(xí)報告
專 業(yè): 機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化
班 級: 機(jī)制 0803
學(xué) 號: 080200305
學(xué)生姓名: 王士余
指導(dǎo)教師: 商德勇
2012年 3 月 28 日
畢業(yè)實習(xí)報告
一、時間:2012.03.11-2012.03.11
二、實習(xí)單位:冀中能源峰峰集團(tuán)
實習(xí)地點:冀中能源峰峰集團(tuán)梧桐莊礦
三、實習(xí)單位基本情況簡介:
冀中能源集團(tuán)有限責(zé)任公司(簡稱冀中能源集團(tuán))是經(jīng)河北省人民政府批準(zhǔn),于2008年6月由金能集團(tuán)和峰峰集團(tuán)聯(lián)合重組而成。原煤炭部在河北8家直屬單位中的6家已經(jīng)融入冀中能源集團(tuán)?,F(xiàn)已發(fā)展成為以煤炭為主業(yè),醫(yī)藥、航空、化工、電力、裝備制造、現(xiàn)代物流等多產(chǎn)業(yè)綜合發(fā)展的特大型現(xiàn)代企業(yè)集團(tuán)。擁有多個生產(chǎn)礦區(qū),下轄峰峰集團(tuán)、華北制藥集團(tuán)、河北航空投資集團(tuán)、冀中股份、邯礦集團(tuán)、張礦集團(tuán)、井礦集團(tuán)、邢礦集團(tuán)、山西礦業(yè)集團(tuán)、機(jī)械裝備集團(tuán)、國際物流公司11個子公司。在深、滬兩市擁有冀中能源、華北制藥和金牛化工3家上市公司,并擁有全省唯一的一家企業(yè)財務(wù)公司。企業(yè)資產(chǎn)總額930億元,在冊職工12.4萬人,在2010年中國企業(yè)500強排第97位,綜合實力位居全國煤炭企業(yè)前10強。
冀中能源峰峰集團(tuán)有限公司現(xiàn)為冀中能源集團(tuán)有限責(zé)任公司的全資子公司,已發(fā)展成為集煤炭開采、洗選加工、煤化工、電力、機(jī)械制造、基建施工、建材、現(xiàn)代 物流等以煤為基礎(chǔ),多產(chǎn)業(yè)綜合發(fā)展的國有特大型煤炭企業(yè)。全國煤炭工業(yè)和河北省百強企業(yè)之一。下設(shè)45個分(子)公司,在冊職工4.5萬人。企業(yè)資產(chǎn)總額 149億元,年營業(yè)收入216億元。
冀中能源峰峰集團(tuán)是我國主焦煤和動力煤重要生產(chǎn)基地。煤炭品種齊全,主要有焦煤、肥煤、貧煤、瘦煤、無煙煤等煤種。品質(zhì)優(yōu)良,主產(chǎn)品為焦精煤、肥精煤、燒 結(jié)煤、噴吹煤、發(fā)電動力和建材化工用煤等。特別是主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品冶煉焦精煤為國家保護(hù)性稀缺煤種,具有低灰、低硫、低磷、揮發(fā)分適中、粘結(jié)性強的特點,被焦化、 冶金企業(yè)譽為“工業(yè)精粉”。
冀中能源峰峰集團(tuán)梧桐莊礦地處河北省邯鄲市磁縣境內(nèi),北距邯鄲市60公里,南鄰風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的岳城水庫,東接國家南北交通大動脈——京廣鐵路和107國道,地 理位置優(yōu)越,交通十分便利。 礦井1992年10月開工建設(shè),2003年10月正式投產(chǎn),是峰峰集團(tuán)按照高產(chǎn)高效模式建設(shè)的大型現(xiàn)代化礦井,年設(shè)計生產(chǎn)能力120萬噸,服務(wù)年限80 年。
四、實習(xí)內(nèi)容
梧桐莊礦主采煤層二號煤屬國家緊缺的低灰、低硫、低磷、高揮發(fā)份、高發(fā)熱量的優(yōu)質(zhì)肥煤。井下生產(chǎn)采用大功率電牽引采煤機(jī)組、綜掘機(jī)組和膠帶運輸?shù)缺容^先進(jìn)的技術(shù)裝 備,并應(yīng)用煤巷錨網(wǎng)索支護(hù)、“三掘三噴”和“三小”等大量的先進(jìn)施工工藝。同時,建成潛水泵站、地面注漿站、光控水幕、瓦斯集中監(jiān)控、安全網(wǎng)絡(luò)化管理等系 統(tǒng),保證礦井安全生產(chǎn)。各系統(tǒng)逐步實現(xiàn)了機(jī)械化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、集中控制。
到礦區(qū)之后,我們先是參觀了梧桐莊礦培訓(xùn)中心的模擬礦井,包括地巷道,綜采煤工作面。學(xué)習(xí)和了解了,礦井的排水系統(tǒng),通風(fēng)系統(tǒng),供電系統(tǒng)。(圖為工作面)
礦井內(nèi),一排排整齊的液壓支架,采煤機(jī)運輸秩序井然。礦井內(nèi)采用的是支撐掩護(hù)式綜采液壓支架,以及刮板運輸機(jī)。重點了解了液壓支架的工作情況,以及詳細(xì)的工作步驟,各部分功能是如何的實現(xiàn)地,比如支撐,掩護(hù),移架,推進(jìn),放頂煤等等。并且由梧桐莊礦的師傅給我們講解了從地下采煤地上儲煤倉煤的處理過程與原理。
然后,我們又在礦區(qū)內(nèi)參觀梧桐莊礦的安全文化長廊,在這里安全是第一理念,并且創(chuàng)新性的把每個員工的全家福貼在長廊兩側(cè),用親情讓員工把安全兩字深深記在心間,并且貫徹到每一個工作的細(xì)節(jié)中。在這里我們剛好遇到一隊剛出井的員工,出井時整齊有序,全輻裝備,礦燈,防水鞋,安全帽等。其中有兩個滿臉煤灰,但是又一臉堅定。這時我覺得,他們才是最值得敬佩的人!
也是在這,我們了解到梧桐莊礦的企業(yè)文化與企業(yè)管理。
首先是創(chuàng)新企業(yè)文化建設(shè)內(nèi)涵,依靠先進(jìn)理念引領(lǐng)推動企業(yè)發(fā)展。結(jié)合企業(yè)實際,創(chuàng)造梧桐品牌,塑造梧桐形象、反映梧桐特點、弘揚梧桐文化作為企業(yè)文化建設(shè)和發(fā)展的主方向,在深入調(diào)研和反復(fù)論證的基礎(chǔ)上,創(chuàng)造性提出了礦井發(fā)展的七大系統(tǒng)理念,明確把“以人文本”的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀同企業(yè)文化建設(shè)有機(jī)結(jié)合起來,并著重突出安全文化建設(shè)核心,創(chuàng)造性確立了“從企業(yè)文化的高度審視安全,從人本思想入手管理安全,從完善制度抓起保證安全”的安全文化建設(shè)思路,創(chuàng)新提出了“生命第一,防護(hù)為主”的安全理念,把人和人的生命放在了企業(yè)發(fā)展的第一位,放在了企業(yè)各項工作的第一位。
其次是創(chuàng)新了安全管理,促進(jìn)了長周期安全生產(chǎn)。針對管理層創(chuàng)造性提出了“三現(xiàn)”、“三事”管理?!叭F(xiàn)”即現(xiàn)場、現(xiàn)時、現(xiàn)物;三事,即事前、事中、事后。強化現(xiàn)場指揮,強化過程控制,強化監(jiān)督檢查,提高了安全管理的主動性。針對班組工作實際,創(chuàng)新執(zhí)行了安全確認(rèn)制度,將安全確認(rèn)作為保障安全生產(chǎn)的一項必要工作程序,有機(jī)融入現(xiàn)場生產(chǎn)的各道工序、各個環(huán)節(jié)中,減少和消除了生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場的安全隱患,促進(jìn)了本質(zhì)化安全的實現(xiàn)。針對全礦員工,從規(guī)范員工行為、提高執(zhí)行力入手,在集團(tuán)公司率先實行了準(zhǔn)軍事化管理。
第三是創(chuàng)新了生產(chǎn)管理,推動了高產(chǎn)高效建設(shè)。推動了高產(chǎn)高效建設(shè)。結(jié)合實際優(yōu)化采區(qū)設(shè)計,增加了采區(qū)走向長度,減少了開拓和準(zhǔn)備工程,為礦井實現(xiàn)高產(chǎn)高效奠定了基礎(chǔ)。與中國礦大合作提出《村莊下采煤全局性戰(zhàn)略與實施方案》,采取村莊下條采加跳采的采煤方案,增加了礦井可采儲量。
第四是創(chuàng)新激勵培育機(jī)制,逐步提高了員工隊伍素質(zhì)。結(jié)合“以人為本”的發(fā)展理念和礦井生產(chǎn)實際,建立健全了以績效考核為主的考核激勵機(jī)制。在實施過程中,我們堅持物質(zhì)激勵與精神激勵相結(jié)合,獎勵與競爭相結(jié)合的原則,突出安全為主、生產(chǎn)、成本、效率為輔的考核梯次,通過擴(kuò)大考核范圍,增加考核參與部門等措施,公開考核結(jié)果等手段,保證考核的真實、公正、公平程度。并采取將考核成績與員工的工資、獎金等直接掛鉤,與獲得培訓(xùn)、學(xué)習(xí)、度假等機(jī)會聯(lián)掛等方法,兌現(xiàn)獎懲,合理構(gòu)造了分配落差,營造了公平競爭的環(huán)境,調(diào)動了員工的工作積極性和主動性。
之后,我們隨師傅走到井口處,師傅為我們講述了礦井防塵方面的知識:
地面空氣進(jìn)入礦井后,由于礦石表面的氧化、木料的腐爛、鑿巖、爆破及裝運等作業(yè)產(chǎn)生粉塵和有毒有害氣體,致使礦井空氣成分發(fā)生變化,不同于地面空氣,稱為礦內(nèi)空氣。礦內(nèi)空氣的變化,造成礦井作業(yè)環(huán)境惡劣,空氣質(zhì)量和氣候條件很差,有害礦井作業(yè)職工的安全與健康。因此,必須進(jìn)行礦井通風(fēng)與防塵。供給礦井各工作面新鮮空氣,排除、稀釋有毒有害氣體及礦塵;改善作業(yè)環(huán)境,保障職工的身體健康,提高勞動生產(chǎn)力,避免或減少災(zāi)害事故。
礦塵對人體危害主要表現(xiàn)為:
1.有的礦塵會產(chǎn)生爆炸,造成國家財產(chǎn)損失和人員傷亡;
2.如果工人呼吸過多,會導(dǎo)致矽肺病,影響職工身體健康。
為了預(yù)防礦塵危害,我們必須充分利用現(xiàn)有條件 進(jìn)行防塵工作(濕式作業(yè)、使用水泡泥、噴霧灑水、加強通風(fēng)、戴口罩工作),減少礦塵危害。我井機(jī)采隊、炮 采隊、放炮落煤(機(jī)采做機(jī)窩)后,煤塵濃度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過爆炸界限,因此,在爆破時,必須打開設(shè)置的水幕和使用好水泡泥。
最后要結(jié)束時本次畢業(yè)實習(xí)時,當(dāng)我們站在煤礦作業(yè)區(qū)時,遠(yuǎn)看寬大的開采區(qū)景象,聽著工作人員的解說,尤其是當(dāng)看到開采原煤所用長龍似的火車裝運時,大家無不感嘆平頂山資源之豐富,企業(yè)規(guī)模之大。這種火車配20多個車廂,每個車廂可以裝載1噸上好的煤炭,!眼前的這一切征服了當(dāng)時在場的每一位同學(xué),大家紛紛站過去和火車留影。
五、實習(xí)體會
剛一到礦區(qū)就被它的整潔所震撼,在我想來,煤礦都是又黑又臟、灰塵滿天的代名詞,可是梧桐莊礦卻不然。一走進(jìn)礦區(qū):平整的草坪、綠綠的樹、整潔的路、樓內(nèi)更是窗明幾凈,墻壁雪白。
感謝學(xué)院為我們提供了一次畢業(yè)實習(xí)的機(jī)會。在實習(xí)期間,我學(xué)到了很多東西,深刻的體會到了工人的辛苦。同時,也發(fā)現(xiàn)了自身的不足之處,這些收獲將會使我終身受益。在此,感謝梧桐莊礦工作人員給我們的指導(dǎo)和幫助,也感謝院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為我們提供這次寶貴的實習(xí)機(jī)會。在實習(xí)的過程中我感受到了煤礦管理的嚴(yán)格,以及確保安全的企業(yè)文化。并且也使我們深刻的體會到了礦工的艱辛!
此次畢業(yè)實習(xí),我學(xué)會了運用所學(xué)知識解決處理簡單問題的方法與技巧。同 時我體驗到了社會工作的艱苦性,通過實習(xí),讓我在社會中磨練了下自己,也鍛煉了下意志力,訓(xùn)練了自己的動手操作能力,提升了自己的實踐技能。積累了社會工 作的簡單經(jīng)驗,為以后工作也打下了一點基礎(chǔ)。
總之,我覺得態(tài)度是很重要的,態(tài)度決定著我們的工作成績,無論在哪個單位,做什么事情,只要自己的態(tài)度端正和積極,我們總會找到辛苦工作的價值和樂趣。也許,我做得不是很優(yōu)秀,但我對這次實習(xí)所付出的汗水和努力覺得是我內(nèi)心最大的安慰,因為我一直在努力做最好的自己。在生產(chǎn)實踐的過程中我的的確確走進(jìn)了社會這個大課堂,體驗著與以往完全不同的世界,從而進(jìn)一步鞏固自己所學(xué)到的知識,為以后真正走上工作崗位打下基礎(chǔ)。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]魯忠良等.煤礦液壓支架實用安全理論及技術(shù)(第一版).中國礦大出版社,2009年,68頁。
[2]王守彪.綜合機(jī)械化采煤機(jī)械(第一版).中國勞動社會保障出版社,2006年,2頁。
[3] http://baike.baidu.com/view/1722595.htm梧桐莊礦百度百科.企業(yè)簡介
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