（浙京津魯瓊專(zhuān)版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題二 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 詞句猜測(cè)題 一 詞義猜測(cè)題學(xué)案 新人教版

《（浙京津魯瓊專(zhuān)版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題二 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 詞句猜測(cè)題 一 詞義猜測(cè)題學(xué)案 新人教版》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（浙京津魯瓊專(zhuān)版）2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題二 閱讀理解 第三節(jié) 詞句猜測(cè)題 一 詞義猜測(cè)題學(xué)案 新人教版（20頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、一、詞義猜測(cè)題 (2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ，B) ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue，N.Y.，todayisspeechday，andrightnowit’sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes，heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking. Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christr

2、ipsonthe“-ld，”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher，ThomasWhaley，isnexttohim，whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles，Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion，Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim. Asonofimmigrants，Chrisst

3、artedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起) howatthebeginningoftheyear，whencalledupontoread，Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom. LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplain

4、s，“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon’tknow，butIwanttoknow.’” Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysays

5、theprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀) aboutthemselves. “Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities，”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.” 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了小學(xué)教師托馬斯·沃利通過(guò)組織學(xué)生演講來(lái)幫助學(xué)生增強(qiáng)自信的教學(xué)實(shí)踐。 24．W

6、hatmadeChrisnervous? A．Tellingastory. B．Makingaspeech. C．Takingatest. D．Answeringaquestion. 答案　B 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“todayisspeechday...ChrisPalaez’sturn”和第二段中的“Buthe’snervous.”可知，克里斯在進(jìn)行競(jìng)選演說(shuō)時(shí)感到非常緊張。 25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inParagraph2referto? A．Improperpauses. B．Badmanners. C．S

7、pellingmistakes. D．Sillyjokes. 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，老師借助競(jìng)選演說(shuō)鼓勵(lì)同學(xué)們學(xué)會(huì)贊美自己。文中克里斯·帕萊茲的母語(yǔ)不是英語(yǔ)，他學(xué)英語(yǔ)才三年多，說(shuō)話不流利，而且他在演講時(shí)非常緊張，所以說(shuō)話磕磕絆絆，因此選A。 26．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto. A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths B．a(chǎn)ssessstudents’publicspeakingskills C．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

8、D．inspirestudents’loveforpolitics 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀) aboutthemselves.”和最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，老師讓學(xué)生參加競(jìng)選演說(shuō)不僅僅是讓學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合演說(shuō)，更重要的是讓他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的長(zhǎng)處，從而樹(shù)立自信。 27．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?

9、 A．Humorous. B．Ambitious. C．Caring. D．Demanding. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)克里斯·帕萊茲發(fā)表競(jìng)選演說(shuō)遇到問(wèn)題時(shí)，老師耳語(yǔ)為他提示。文章最后兩段解釋了老師舉辦這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的初衷，我們可以判斷這個(gè)老師是關(guān)心他人的人，因此選C。 一、題型解讀 詞義猜測(cè)題基本上是閱讀理解每年必考的題型。詞義猜測(cè)是一種閱讀技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)根據(jù)上下文快速猜測(cè)所指定的某一個(gè)生詞、詞組或者句子含義的能力，而這些詞和詞組往往都超出考綱范圍，但在文章閱讀中起到一定的作用。由此看來(lái)，對(duì)于生詞的理解是否準(zhǔn)確，直接影響著閱

10、讀理解題得分的高低，對(duì)能否取得好的高考成績(jī)有著舉足輕重的作用。 詞義猜測(cè)題的命題方式有： (1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”probablymean? (2)Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans“”． (3)Theunderlinedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby“”． (4)Theunderlinedword“...”inParagraph...isclosestinmeaningto. (5)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor? (6)

11、Bysaying“...”wemean. (7)“...”usedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas. (8)Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？ 二、解題技巧——巧用線索猜詞義 1．根據(jù)定義、釋義或同位語(yǔ)進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 有些文章，特別是科技說(shuō)明文，作者通常會(huì)對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵詞或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)下定義，通過(guò)閱讀定義和解釋部分，考生便可理解該詞或短語(yǔ)的意思。有時(shí)，需要猜測(cè)的單詞或短語(yǔ)后面會(huì)緊跟一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)，作為對(duì)前面的詞或短語(yǔ)的解釋說(shuō)明。有時(shí)，文章會(huì)用冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)等對(duì)某個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)加以解釋說(shuō)明。 例如：T

12、aylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevice(器械) thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem：Paris’sheartbeatreturned. 分析：所猜測(cè)單詞defibrillator后面出現(xiàn)了同位語(yǔ)“anelectronicdevice(器械) thatcanshocktheheartbackinto

13、work”(一個(gè)可以電擊心臟使其重新工作的電子器械)來(lái)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，我們可推知其詞義應(yīng)為“(心臟)除顫器”。 2．根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 英語(yǔ)中通過(guò)詞根加詞綴或兩個(gè)單詞合成的方式可以構(gòu)成新詞。因此，掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識(shí)，再結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境，也可以快速猜測(cè)詞義。 例如：Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness，uneasiness，orworry. 分析：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy(舒適)為詞根。因此，我們可知uneasiness為“不安；擔(dān)憂”之意。 3．根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 在閱讀理解文章

14、的句子或段落中，若兩個(gè)事物或兩種現(xiàn)象之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，這時(shí)我們可以根據(jù)這種因果邏輯關(guān)系推斷詞或短語(yǔ)的含義。表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞有because，so，thus，therefore，asaresultof，since，sothat，so/such...that...等。 例如：Mysoncouldnotfollowtheteacher’sdirections，hetoldme，andthus，Scolawasdisruptingtheclass.Didn’theknowmysondidnotspeakEnglishyet? 試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disru

15、pting”probablymean? A．Breaking. B．Following. C．Attending. D．Disturbing. 分析：畫(huà)線單詞所在的句子出現(xiàn)了因果關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞thus，由前面的原因“我兒子聽(tīng)不懂老師的指示”可以推知，“他因此認(rèn)為我兒子斯科拉干擾了課堂”，故選D項(xiàng)。其余三項(xiàng)都不符合這一因果邏輯關(guān)系。 4．根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 在畫(huà)線單詞或短語(yǔ)前后有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)，它往往暗示了該詞或該短語(yǔ)的含義，這時(shí)可從熟悉的詞語(yǔ)中推知生詞或短語(yǔ)的含義。常見(jiàn)的表示相同或相近意義的詞和短語(yǔ)有and，or，like，aswell，similarly，t

16、oo，also，either等。 例如：Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作) withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg，F(xiàn)lorida. 試題：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contributions”referto? A．Artworks. B．Projects. C

17、．Donations. D．Documents. 分析：畫(huà)線單詞contributions前出現(xiàn)了and，可利用同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。and前面提到了“thefineselectionofthemajorworks”(精選的重要作品)，后面說(shuō)contributions來(lái)自其他機(jī)構(gòu)，由并列關(guān)系可以推斷出contributions應(yīng)該屬于works的范疇，同時(shí)文中明確表示contributions是來(lái)自museum的，故選A項(xiàng)。 5．根據(jù)反義、轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 有些需要猜測(cè)詞義的詞或短語(yǔ)前后會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊脑~語(yǔ)，運(yùn)用這些詞語(yǔ)也可以幫助猜測(cè)詞義。能體現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞匯很多，常

18、見(jiàn)的有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead (of)，ontheotherhand，ratherthan，onthecontrary等。 例如：Intheevening，ridesareusuallyatamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace，withgoldenlightstreamingacrossthegrassydeltaandtheanimalscomingouttoeatanddrink.Sedatethoughtheyare，ridesatthistimeofdayarestillveryimpressive. 試題：Wh

19、atdoestheunderlinedword“sedate”probablymean? A．Wildandromantic. B．Slowandpeaceful. C．Hungryandthirsty. D．Activeandexcited. 分析：畫(huà)線詞語(yǔ)所在句子的句意為“雖然它們，但是在一天的這個(gè)時(shí)候騎馬觀賞仍然令人印象非常深刻?！庇蓆hough可知，前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再結(jié)合前一句中提到的“atamorerelaxedandunhurriedpace”可知，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)，sedate意為“不慌不忙的”。 6．根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 有些詞義猜測(cè)題找不到以上標(biāo)志線索，這時(shí)可以利用上

20、下文提供的情景和線索進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析，進(jìn)而推測(cè)詞義，這也是近幾年來(lái)高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。 例如：真題感悟的25題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，老師借助競(jìng)選演說(shuō)鼓勵(lì)同學(xué)們學(xué)會(huì)贊美自己。文中克里斯·帕萊茲的母語(yǔ)不是英語(yǔ)，他學(xué)英語(yǔ)才三年多，說(shuō)話不流利，而且他在演講時(shí)非常緊張，所以說(shuō)話磕磕絆絆，因此選A。 A (2019·河南實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬) Solar energy systems & power 8plants do not produce air pollution，water pollution，or greenhouse gases.9Using solar energy can have

21、a positive，indirect effect on the environment，when solar energy replaces or reduces the use of other energy sources that have larger effects on the environment. However，somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光電池的) cellsthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Somesolarthermal(保熱的)

22、 systemsusepotentiallyhazardousliquidstotransferheat.Leaksofthesematerialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.U.S.environmentallawsregulatetheuseandsettlementofthesetypesofmaterials. Aswithanytypeofpowerplant，largesolarpowerplantscanaffecttheenvironmentneartheirlocations.Theplacementofthepowerplantmayha

23、velong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.Somesolarpowerplantsmayrequirewaterforcleaningsolarcollectorsandconcentratorsorforcoolingturbinegenerators.Usinglargevolumesofgroundwaterorsurfacewaterinsomedrylocationsmayaffecttheecosystemsthatdependonthesewaterresources.Inaddition，thebeamofc

24、oncentratedsunlightasolarpowertowercreatescankillbirdsandinsectsthatflyintothebeam. Theamountofsolarenergythattheearthreceiveseachdayismanytimesgreaterthanthetotalamountofallenergythatpeople1consumeeachday.However，onthesurfaceoftheearth，solarenergyisavariableandirregularenergysource.Theamountofsunl

25、ightandtheintensityofsunlight5variesbytimeofdayandlocation.Weatherandclimateconditionsaffecttheavailabilityof sunlight daily and on a seasonal basis.The type and size of a solar energy collection and conversion system determines how much of the 2available solar energy we can convert into useful ener

26、gy. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電的潛在弊端以及影響太陽(yáng)能收集量的幾個(gè)因素。 1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“hazardous”underlinedinParagraph2? A．Inexpensive. B．Dangerous. C．Ineffective. D．Abnormal. 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文中的“somepoisonousmaterialsandchemicalsareusedtomakethephotovoltaic(光電池的) cells”及畫(huà)線詞所在句后的“Leaksofthesemat

27、erialscouldbeharmfultotheenvironment.”可知hazardous意為“危險(xiǎn)的”。故選B。 2．Whatinfluencecanlargesolarpowerplantshaveonthelocations? A．Pollutingthegroundwater. B．Protectingthehabitatsofplantsandanimals. C．Damagingthelocalnaturalbalance. D．Attractingbirdsandinsectstothearea. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Theplac

28、ementofthepowerplantmayhavelong-termeffectsonthehabitatsofnativeplantsandanimals.”可知，大型太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電廠的選址可能會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貏?dòng)植物的棲息地產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)期的影響，也就是會(huì)破壞當(dāng)?shù)刈匀黄胶?。故C項(xiàng)正確。 3．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus? A．Differentareasreceivedifferentamountofsolarenergy. B．Howtoconvertsolarenergyintousefulenergy. C．Therelationshipbetwee

29、nsolarenergycollectionandthesunlight. D．Somefactorsthatinfluencetheamountofsolarenergycollection. 答案　D 解析　段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段第二、三、四句可知，在地球表面，太陽(yáng)能是一種可變的和不規(guī)則的能源，陽(yáng)光的數(shù)量和強(qiáng)度隨著一天的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)而變化，天氣和氣候條件影響每日和季節(jié)性的陽(yáng)光供應(yīng)。由此可知，本段主要介紹的是影響太陽(yáng)能收集量的幾個(gè)因素。故D項(xiàng)正確。 B (2019·湖北黃岡中學(xué)三模) ASouthKoreanmanandthe21ducklingshehasbeenraising

30、ashischildreneversincetheyhatchedhavebeenbreakingtheInternetwiththeiramazing6bond.Avideothatrecently3wentviralinthewesternworldshowsthecutebirdsfollowingtheir“mother”onamountainhikeandlisteningtohiseverycommand. Themiddle-agedman，whosenameisnot4revealedinthevideo，hasbeentakingcareofhis21ducklingsev

31、ersincetheywereeggs，makingsuretheincubation(孵化) periodwentsmoothly，andevenhelpingthetinybirdsbreakthroughtheirshellswhenitcametimetohatch.Hewasthefirstthingtheylaideyesoninthisworld，andhehasremainedthemostimportantfigureintheirlivessince. Ducklingsnaturallyfollowtheirmotheraround，andsincethemanwast

32、heonewho7actedastheirmother，thesebirdsfollowhimeverywhere，evenupamountain.Tothemit’sonlynatural，butthemiddle-agedmanconsidersittrainingandconditioningforthetimewhenhefinallyreleasesthemintothewild.Hewouldlovetoraisethemallaspets，butknowsthatwouldn’tbeidealforhimorthebirds，sohe’smakingsurethattheyare

33、strongenoughtosurviveinthewild. Thevideoshowstheducksfollowingthemiddle-agedmanashehikesupamountainoutsideSeoul，stoppingwheneverhedoesandrefusingtofollowanyoneelse，eveniftheygivethesame“l(fā)et’sgo”commandtheirhumanmothergives.Unlesstheyhearhisvoiceandseehimmoving，theydon’tbudge.It’sactuallyquiteremark

34、able.Imean，it’sonethingtoseedogsactinglikethis，butducklings? That’ssomethingelse. 10While it’s not clear what the man does for a living，I’m pretty sure he has a lot of experience with ducks，as at one point he reveals a certificate for “father of ducklings” dated 2005. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)閱讀。文章主要講了韓國(guó)一位中年

35、男子把小鴨子當(dāng)“孩子”養(yǎng)，這些小鴨子把他當(dāng)成“媽媽”，到處跟著他，很自然地服從他的命令。 4．Whatcanwelearnfromthevideo? A．Theducklingsjustbrokethroughtheirshells. B．Themanaccidentallysavedsomeducklings. C．Theducklingsjustobeyedthemannaturally. D．Themantookprideinhisducklings. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，我們能從這個(gè)視頻中得知，小鴨們很自然地服從這個(gè)人。故選C。 5．W

36、hat’stheman’spurposeofraisingtheducklings? A．Tomakealivingbyperforming. B．Tofilmavideotoattractattention. C．Tofreethemintothewildoneday. D．Tomakeacontributiontoabirdreserve. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，這個(gè)男子養(yǎng)小鴨的目的是有一天把它們放歸野外。故選C。 6．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“budge”inParagr

37、aph4? A．Attack. B．Move. C．End. D．Struggle. 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文可知，視頻顯示，當(dāng)這名中年男子爬上首爾郊外的一座山時(shí)，鴨子們跟著他，無(wú)論他什么時(shí)候停下來(lái)，它們都不愿跟著任何人，即使給它們發(fā)出和它們的人類(lèi)母親同樣的“我們走吧”的命令。由此可知，畫(huà)線句意為“除非它們聽(tīng)到他的聲音，看到他在動(dòng)，否則它們不會(huì)動(dòng)?！惫省癰udge”的意思是“移動(dòng)”。故選B。 7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext? A．“Father”and“Mother”ofCutePets B．AManRaisesDucklingsa

38、sHis“Children” C．DucklingsAlsoRegardedasGoodPets D．AmazingBondBetweenManandAnimals 答案　B 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段第二句“最近在西方世界走紅的一段視頻顯示，這些可愛(ài)的小禽跟隨它們的‘?huà)寢尅郎?，?tīng)從他的每一個(gè)命令?！笔侨牡闹黝}句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章最好的題目是：一個(gè)男人把小鴨子當(dāng)“孩子”養(yǎng)。故選B。 Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破 (一)閱讀下列句子，并根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)畫(huà)線部分的意思 1．Asmallervehiclewillconsumelessfuel，whichmeanslessemissio

39、n.消費(fèi)，消耗 2．Hangzhou，inZhejiangProvince，becamethefirstcitytomakefreeoutdoorWiFiavailableforresidents(居民)．可獲得的，可得到的 3．Fakenewshaslongbeenaseriousproblem，andsocialmediahasbeenblamedforallowingfakenewsstoriestogoviralquickly.廣泛傳播 4．Whenyouanswerthisquestion，thewordsyouchoosewillrevealsomethingaboutyou

40、ridentity. 揭示，揭露 (二)同義詞語(yǔ)替換 5．Theresearchalsofoundthatattitudestofoodandweightvarywildlyaroundtheworld.differ 6．Thissharedexperiencecreatedaveryspecialbondbetweenus.tie/connection 7．Atraineddogcanactasaguidetoablindperson，whichisquitesignificantfortheirconvenience.workas (三)一詞多義 8．plantn．植物；工廠

41、，發(fā)電廠v．種植；安插，安放 (1)Afterreachingthetopofthemountain，theyplantaflagthere.v.安插，安放 (2)Itisessentialtowatereachplantasoftenasrequired.n.植物 (3)Manyyearsfromnow，otherworkerswillrousethesleepingseedsandplantthemwherethey’remostneeded.v.種植 (4) Backonthatdatein1986，acloudofradioactivedustburstoutoftheCher

42、nobyl(切爾諾貝利) nuclearpowerplant.n.工廠，發(fā)電廠 Ⅱ.長(zhǎng)難句理解 9．Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectontheenvironment，whensolarenergyreplacesorreducestheuseofotherenergysourcesthathavelargereffectsontheenvironment. [句式分析]　本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，句子的主干為Usingsolarenergycanhaveapositive，indirecteffectontheenvironmen

43、t，主語(yǔ)是usingsolarenergy；when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)when從句的主語(yǔ)是solarenergy,謂語(yǔ)為replacesorreduces，賓語(yǔ)為theuseofotherenergysources。that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞otherenergysources。 [精美譯文]　當(dāng)用太陽(yáng)能替代或減少對(duì)環(huán)境有較大影響的其他能源的應(yīng)用時(shí)，使用太陽(yáng)能會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生積極的、間接的影響。 10．Whileit’snotclearwhatthemandoesforaliving，I’mprettysurehehasalotofexperiencewithducks，as

44、atonepointherevealsacertificatefor“fatherofducklings”dated2005. [句式分析]　本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。while引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)while＝although/though；as引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 [精美譯文]　雖然還不清楚這個(gè)人做什么工作，但我敢肯定他對(duì)鴨子很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因?yàn)樗鍪具^(guò)他在2005年獲得的“小鴨之父”的證書(shū)。 強(qiáng)化練(十六) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019·山西太原五中段考) FriendsalwaysaskwhyI，amiddle-agedwomanwithnoathletictalent，

45、traveltoperilousplaces—thejunglesofThailandorBorneo，forexample，wherethewaterisoftenunsafeandthefoodrisky；placeswithinfectiousdiseases，poisonoussnakesandthewildestanimals；someplaceswherethelocalsarejustafewgenerationspastheadhunting. Ineverknowhowtoanswer.Mytraveldecisionsassumedanewgravitynineyears

46、agoafterIsufferedastroke.Topreventanotherstroke，mydoctorstoldme，Iwouldhavetotakedangerouslyhighlevelsofbloodthinner(血液稀釋劑) fortherestofmylifeandanytravelwouldberisky. Ihadtothinkaboutwhatwasimportanttome：family，ofcourse，andfriends.Butthenwhat？NomatterhowmanytimesIthoughtaboutit，nobucketlistwascompl

47、etewithouttravel.ThenIhadtodecidehowImightmanagetherisk.IhadtodecidehowluckyIfelt. Myreturntotravelaftermystrokecameinbabysteps.ThefirstrealtestofmytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband，Jack，onabusinesstriptoChina.Afterwe’dtouredtheremainsofaTangdynastytempleonahighmountain，J

48、ackwantedtoridedownonatoboggan(長(zhǎng)雪橇)． Beforethestrokeitwouldhaveseemedlikefun.Butnow？Ihesitated.Mymentalklaxon(高音喇叭) screamedwarningsabouttheconsequencesofacut，afall，andacrash.Then，gainingconfidencefromwhoknowswhere，Iloweredmyselfcarefullyintothetoboggan，whichmarkedmyadventuretravelcomeback. Inthey

49、earssincethen，I’vetraveledabouttwenty-fivepercentofthetime.Throughitall，mylucksheldout—nodeadlyfalls，nocaraccidentsorseriousinfections.Forme，adventuretravelisariskworthtaking.Travelbroadensmyworldandkeepsmeconnectedtonature.What’smore，saying“yes”totravelkeepsmeconnectedtomyself. 1．Whatdoestheunde

50、rlinedword“perilous”inParagraph1probablymean? A．Unique. B．Dangerous. C．Historical. D．Famous. 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。第一段破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)perilousplace的解釋說(shuō)明，根據(jù)句意“例如，泰國(guó)或婆羅洲的叢林，那里的水往往不安全，食物也很危險(xiǎn)；有傳染病、毒蛇和野生動(dòng)物的地方；有些地方的本地人剛剛過(guò)了獵頭的時(shí)代?！笨赏浦?，畫(huà)線詞的意思是“危險(xiǎn)的”。故選B。 2．Whatdidthedoctorsadvisetheauthortodo? A．Doproperexercise. B．E

51、njoytherestofherlife. C．Keepawayfromtraveling. D．Spendmoretimewithherfamily. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，我的醫(yī)生告訴我，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)任何旅行都是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的，因此醫(yī)生建議作者遠(yuǎn)離旅行。故選C。 3．WhydidtheauthormentionhertraveltoChina? A．Itwasherlastadventure. B．Sherecoveredhercouragethroughit. C．ShelikedthebeautifulsceneryinChina. D．Itwas

52、themostdangerousexperienceinherlife. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“ThefirstrealtestofmytravelcouragecameninemonthsaftermystrokewhenIjoinedmyhusband，Jack，onabusinesstriptoChina.”可知，作者之所以提到她的中國(guó)之行是因?yàn)樗ㄟ^(guò)這件事恢復(fù)了勇氣。故選B。 4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext? A．ABusinessTriptoChina B．UniqueTravelExperiences C．WhyIS

53、tillTraveltotheWild D．HowIOvercametheFearofDisease 答案　C 解析　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了作者在中風(fēng)后是如何克服困難，重新獲得勇氣去旅行的。故選C。 B (2019·江西師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)三模) Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind：Howcanwillpowe

54、rbestrengthened？Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource，astheresearchsuggests，whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong? Avoidingtemptation(誘惑) isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control，whichiscalledthe“outofsight，outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy，forinstance，foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdr

55、awerthanthatontopoftheirdesks，inplainsight. Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations，arewetofail? Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather，peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinr

56、eserve，savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower—atleasttoapoint. Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostud

57、yself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison，theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm，theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly，regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength. The

58、evidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas，soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords，don’ttrytoquitsmoking，adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatth

59、esametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace，Baumeistersays，you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine，andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇議論文。短文列舉了關(guān)于意志力的幾種研究和觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為有了明確的目標(biāo)，良好的自我監(jiān)督和練習(xí)，就可以在面對(duì)誘惑時(shí)使意志力保持堅(jiān)定。

60、 5．Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat. A．peoplehaveunlimitedself-control B．highmotivationensuresone’ssuccess C．willpowerishardlycompletelyexhausted D．toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第四、五句可知，研究人員不相信人的意志力會(huì)完全耗盡，他們還有備用的和為將來(lái)需求節(jié)省的意志力。所以從文章中的研究我們了解到意志力很難完全耗盡。故C選項(xiàng)正確。 6．Th

61、eunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“”． A．makeuseof B．runoutof C．build D．increase 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves，allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知，正確的動(dòng)機(jī)使我們能夠利用這些儲(chǔ)備，即使我們的自我控制能力已經(jīng)被消耗殆盡，我們?nèi)匀豢梢岳^續(xù)前進(jìn)。所以通過(guò)上下文的語(yǔ)境，

62、判斷出“tapinto”指“利用”，與makeuseof同義。故A選項(xiàng)正確。 7．Theauthorcomparesself-controltomuscles. A．toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpower B．toshowthesignificanceofregularexercise C．toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedup D．toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句的內(nèi)容“雖然肌肉在短期內(nèi)會(huì)因運(yùn)動(dòng)而疲憊

63、不堪，但長(zhǎng)期而言，它們會(huì)通過(guò)經(jīng)常鍛煉而增強(qiáng)。同樣，規(guī)律的自我控制可以提高意志力?！笨芍?，兩者相比是為了說(shuō)明同一個(gè)道理：長(zhǎng)期的鍛煉和自我控制的好處。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是為了解釋自我控制的好處。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 8．Todevelopagoodhabit，whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer? A．“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.” B．“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.” C．“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.” D．“Iwillkee

64、pmyselffromanytemptation.” 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后三句的內(nèi)容“一個(gè)接一個(gè)地制定目標(biāo)是一個(gè)更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，你就不再需要依靠意志力來(lái)維持自己的行為。最終健康的習(xí)慣將成為慣例，而且不需要做任何決定。”可知，C項(xiàng)“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先設(shè)立目標(biāo)，然后成為好習(xí)慣，作者更喜歡這種目標(biāo)。故C選項(xiàng)正確。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2019·天津?yàn)I海七所重點(diǎn)學(xué)校聯(lián)考) Howdidyoudoit，Dad? Howhaveyoumanagednottotakeadrinkforalmost20years

65、? Ittookmealmost20yearstohavethe9toevenaskmyfatherthisverypersonalquestion.WhenDadfirst10drinking，thewholefamilywasonpinsandneedleseverytimehegotintoa11that，inthepast，wouldhavestartedhim12again.Forafewyearswewere13tobringitupforfearthatthedrinkingwouldbeginagain. “IhadthislittlepoemthatIwouldrecite

66、tomyselfatleastfourtofivetimesaday，”wasDad’s14tomy18-year-oldunaskedquestion.“Thewordswereaconstant15tomethatthingswere16sohardthatIcouldnotdealwiththem，”Dadsaid.Thenhe17thepoemwithme.Thepoem’s18，yetprofoundwordsimmediatelybecame19ofmydailyroutineaswell. Aboutamonthafterthis20withmyfather，Ireceivedagiftinthemailfromafriendofmine.Itwasabookofdailysayingsofwisdomwithone21foreachdayoftheyear. Ithasbeenmy22thatwhenyougetsomethingwithdaysoftheyearonit，younaturallyturntothepagethatlistsyourown23. I