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1、2022年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 虛擬語氣 北師大版
一、以if條件從句為虛擬語氣標(biāo)志
時態(tài)
從句動詞形式
主句動詞形式
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
did
would/could/should/might do
與將來事實(shí)相反
(1)did
(2)were to do
(3)should do
would/could/should/might do
與過去事實(shí)相反
had done
would/could/should/might have done
含蓄條件句
有時虛擬語氣并不總是用if引導(dǎo)的條件句來表示,而是通過一些詞或短語表示出來。這些詞或短語引出的條
2、件與if引導(dǎo)的條件句意義相似,如but for,with,without,otherwise,or,but等。其中but for相當(dāng)于if it were not for/if it had not been for,表示“要不是……”。
He wouldn’t have survived but for the neighbour’s timely help.
二、suggest等動詞及其相應(yīng)的名詞后跟的從句中虛擬語氣的用法
1.賓語從句
suggest等表示建議、愿望、命令等的動詞后跟的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣,從句謂語的結(jié)構(gòu)為“should+動詞原形”,其中should可以省略。
3、
The doctor suggested that he (should) take more rest.
2.主語從句
在“It is/was suggested+that引導(dǎo)的主語從句”中,主語從句要用虛擬語氣, 即“should+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),其中should可以省略。
另外,在“It is/was important(necessary,desirable,advisable等)+that引導(dǎo)的主語從句”中,從句也常用虛擬語氣,謂語用“should+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),其中should可以省略。
It is suggested that the building (shoul
4、d) be pulled down.
It is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once.
3.表語從句
當(dāng)suggestion,order,proposal,demand等名詞作主語時,其后的表語從句中要用虛擬語氣“should+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),其中should可以省略。
My advice is that you (should) give up smoking.
4.同位語從句
在suggestion,advice,order,proposal,demand等名詞后跟的同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,謂語用“shou
5、ld+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),其中should可以省略。
His suggestion that we (should) set off at 5∶00 a.m.is not good enough.
三、虛擬語氣的特殊句型
1.It is (high/about) time (that) sb.did sth.
It is (high/about) time (that) sb.did sth.
2.would rather (that) sb.did sth.
I’d rather you left tomorrow.
1.George is going to talk abou
6、t the geography of his country,but I’d rather he________more on its culture.(xx·江蘇,34)
A.focus B.focused
C.would focus D.had focused
2.—The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables________.(xx·北京,34)
A.wouldn’t die
7、
B.didn’t die
C.hadn’t died
D.wouldn’t have died
一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1.Had we been here a bit earlier,we ________________________(be) able to catch the last bus.
2.If you ________________(take) my advice,you ________________(cry) over your failure now.
3.—I have gone through a hard time in the las
8、t few years.
—Really?I wish you ________________(tell) me about it earlier.After all,we are friends.
4.—Why didn’t you attend Linda’s wedding?
—I wouldn’t like to.It is strange that she ________________________(marry) that good-for-nothing guy.
5.My father insisted that every minute ____________
9、________(make) full use of ____________(do) the work well.
二、單項(xiàng)填空
1.We would join them for dinner ________.
A.should they ask B.shall they ask
C.if they ask D.whether they ask
2.My suggestion is that you ________ much meat.
A.wouldn’t take B.shall not take
C.not have D.won’t have
10、
3.—How I want to have studied harder when I was in school.
—If you ________,you wouldn’t work late into night every day nowadays.
A.did B.should C.had D.would
4.—________ he e and visit you as planned?
—Of course.And I’d rather he ________ me what he saw with his own eyes in Greece.
A.Will
11、;will tell B.Shall;told
C.Shall;will tell D.Will;told
5.________ he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race.
A.If B.Since
C.Though D.When
6.________ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A.Would B.Should
C.Were D.Will
7.—Any informati
12、on about your son?
—No.If only I ________ those tough words to him.
A.didn’t say
B.hadn’t said
C.shouldn’t have said
D.couldn’t have said
8.They must have enjoyed themselves there,otherwise they ________ so long.
A.can’t have stayed
B.wouldn’t have stayed
C.can’t stay
D.wouldn’t stay
9.—I
13、 hope you’re enjoying your stay here.
—If it ________ for the climate,I would like it here very much.
A.isn’t B.hasn’t been
C.weren’t D.hadn’t been
10.—Johnson,e and look at the sea!It is beautiful,isn’t it?
—Absolutely!If only I ________here by the sea.
A.lived B.live
C.had lived D
14、.will live
答案
感悟高考
1.B [句意為:喬治打算談?wù)撍膰业牡乩?,但我寧愿他更多地把焦點(diǎn)集中在文化上。would rather后接從句時,從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,若表示與將來和現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反的情況,則謂語動詞要用一般過去時,由上句中“is going to...”可知B項(xiàng)時態(tài)正確。]
2.D [句意為:——天氣又熱又干燥。——是的。要是稍微下點(diǎn)兒雨,現(xiàn)在的情況就會更好一些!那樣我的蔬菜就不會死掉了。由條件句中的had rained可以推出這是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,但是主句有時間狀語now,所以用了與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣would be;最后一句話也是與過去
15、事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,故用wouldn’t have died。]
領(lǐng)悟語法
一、1.would have been 2.had taken;wouldn’t be crying 3.had told 4.(should) have married 5.(should) be made;to do
二、1.A [由主句的結(jié)構(gòu)可知這是對將來情況的虛擬,此時從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是should do/were to do/did,如果從句省略if則構(gòu)成部分倒裝,故選A。]
2.C [suggestion后應(yīng)用“should+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),should可以省略。]
3.C [由“when I
16、 was in school”可知是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,從句省略了studied hard。]
4.B [shall用于第一、三人稱,在問句中表示征求對方的意見或請求;would rather后的從句若表示將來的動作,謂語動詞用過去時。]
5.A [本題為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句。]
6.B [由tomorrow可知,從句應(yīng)該是對將來情況的假設(shè),此時從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是should do/were to do/did,如果從句省略if則構(gòu)成部分倒裝,故選B。]
7.B [由語境可知,if only后的句子與過去的事實(shí)相反,故謂語動詞用過去完成時。]
8.B [由“must have enjoyed”可知otherwise后的情況是與過去的事實(shí)相反的,故謂語動詞應(yīng)用would have done。]
9.C [由“I hope you’re enjoying”可知假設(shè)的情況是與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反,此時if從句的謂語動詞用did或were,故選C。]
10.A [由語境可知,if only后的情形是與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反,此時的謂語動詞用過去時。]