2022中考英語二輪復習 語法突破三 名詞考點剖析（講義五四制）

2022中考英語二輪復習 語法突破三 名詞考點剖析（講義，五四制）考點一 名詞詞義辨析名詞詞義的辨析在歷年中考試題中屬于必考題，通常在單選、完形填空、詞語運用等題型中考察。名詞詞義辨析常分為同類名詞辨析、不同類名詞辨析和近義名詞辨析。其中，同類名詞辨析主要涉及抽象類、地點類、職業(yè)類、飲食類、情緒類等。單項選擇1(xx·山東萊蕪中考)Stephen Hawking's story gives me much to face all kinds of difficulties.Achance Bwealth Ccourage Ddecision2(xx·江蘇泰州中考) About how to achieve a balance between hobbies and schoolwork，Justin asked me for my Aposition BattentionCsuggestion Dintroduction考點二 名詞的數(shù)名詞按其所表示的事物的性質分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。1可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種形式，可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的變化規(guī)則如下：種類變化例詞一般情況加­scakecakesstudentstudentsbedbedsputerputers以s, x, sh, ch等結尾的詞加­esbusbusesclassclasseswatchwatchesboxboxes以輔音字母加y結尾的詞變y為i，再加­esbabybabies citycitiescountrycountriesladyladies以元音字母加y結尾的詞加­stoytoysmonkeymonkeyskeykeys以f(fe)結尾的詞變f(fe)為v，再加­esleafleaves; wolfwolvesknifeknives; lifelives以輔音字母加­o結尾的表示有生命的名詞，在詞尾加­estomatotomatoespotatopotatoesheroheroes 表示無生命的名詞，在詞尾加­sphotophotospianopianos radioradios不規(guī)則變化改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母womanwomenfootfeettoothteeth單復數(shù)形式相同sheepsheep; deerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese 其他形式mousemicechildchildren2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)(1)概述：不可數(shù)名詞所表示的事物一般不能用數(shù)來計算，沒有詞形變化，這類詞主要為抽象名詞和物質名詞。(2)表示方法：不可數(shù)名詞需要計量時，用“數(shù)詞或冠詞量詞of不可數(shù)名詞”的結構表示，量詞可以是單數(shù)也可以是復數(shù)，但of后面的名詞只用單數(shù)。a cup of tea 一杯茶two bottles of water 兩瓶水four pieces of paper 四張紙(一)單項選擇(xx·廣東中考)The three upstairs are too sma1l to have enough for a double bed.Aroom, room Broom, roomsCrooms, room Drooms, rooms(二)單詞拼寫與運用They haven't made a (decide) where to spend their summer vacation.考點三 名詞所有格1表示所有關系一般用­'s所有格，但表示無生命的事物的所有關系一般用of所有格。a student's room一個學生的房間teachers' office老師們的辦公室the price of the book這本書的價格2雙重所有格的構成：“of­'s所有格”或“of名詞性物主代詞”。雙重所有格和of所有格意義不同。a photo of my sister's我妹妹的一張照片(照片屬于我妹妹，但是照片上的人不一定是她)a photo of my sister一張我妹妹的照片(照片上的人是我妹妹)3表示時間、距離、國家、城市、團體、機構等名詞的所有關系，直接在詞尾加­'s。today's newspaper今天的報紙4表示“某人家”或“店鋪”的名詞所有格后，一般省略被修飾的名詞。at the doctor's在診所5一樣東西為兩者或兩者以上共有，在最后一個名詞詞尾加­'s；若是各自所有，則每個名詞詞尾都加­'s。Lucy and Lily's mother is a teacher. Lucy's and Lily's homework is usually checked by her.露西和莉莉的媽媽是一名老師，她們倆的作業(yè)一般由她檢查。單項選擇1(xx·內蒙古通遼中考)This is family photo, I took it on her mother's birthday.AMary; forty BMary's; fortiethCMary; fortieth DMary's; forties2(xx·四川遂寧中考)Tom, are these books ？No, they are . Mine are on that shelf.Amine; Jenny Byours; Jenny'sCmine; Jenny's Dyours; Jenny3(xx·貴州安順中考)Excuse me! Is this new house?Yes, it's . The parents of them bought it last September.ALucy and Lily's; theirs BLucy's and Lily's; themCLucy's and Lily's; theirs DLucy and Lily's; them考點四 名詞作定語1名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式，但有些常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞則仍用復數(shù)形式。clothes shop服裝店sports meeting運動會2man/woman作定語時隨所修飾的名詞的數(shù)變化。men doctors男醫(yī)生women drivers女司機3“數(shù)詞連字符名詞”作定語。a three­day holiday一個三天的假期a five­year plan一個五年計劃連字符后面的名詞用單數(shù)形式單項選擇1(xx·湖南郴州中考改編)Look at the girl in the square!Oh.I'm surprised that a girl can dance so well!Athree­years­old Bthree­year­oldCthree years old Dthree­years­old2(xx·內蒙古通遼中考)In China, there are more in primary schools than in high schools.Awoman teacher Bwomen teachersCwomen teacher Dwoman teachers參考答案考點一12 CC考點二(一)C(二)decision考點三13 BBA考點四12 BB