2020年高考英語 專題二 閱讀理解說明類專練（含解析）

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1、專題二 閱讀理解說明類專練 （90分鐘，90分） 考點(diǎn)01：01 冠詞 3顆星 考點(diǎn)02：代詞 3顆星 考點(diǎn)03：介詞和介詞短語 2顆星 考點(diǎn)04: 名詞 3顆星 考點(diǎn)05：主謂一致 5顆星 考點(diǎn)06：形容詞和副詞 5顆星 考點(diǎn)08：非謂語動(dòng)詞 5顆星 考點(diǎn)09：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 5顆星 考點(diǎn)10：定語從句 3顆星 考點(diǎn)13：狀語從句 3顆星 考點(diǎn)14：特殊句式 2顆星 考點(diǎn)17：閱讀理解說明文 5顆星 第I卷（選擇題）（每題2分，共30分） 一．閱讀理解 A（考點(diǎn)17較易） ??? In the United States, i

2、t is important to be on time , or punctual , for an appointment , a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered the difference while teaching a class in a Brazilian(巴西的) university. The two-hour class was scheduled to begin at 10 A.M. and e

3、nd at 12. On the first day , when the professor arrived on time, no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10:30 A.M. Two students came after 11 A.M. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, few apologized(道歉)for their lateness.Were these students being rude? He d

4、ecided to study the students’ behavior. ??? The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation:at a lunch with a friend and in a university class, respectively.He gave them an example and asked them how they would react, If they had a l

5、unch appointment with a friend,the average American student defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time. On the other hand, the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes. ??? In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour.In contr

6、ast, in Brazil,neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour.Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States,but also end at the scheduled time.In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at 12:00;many remained past 12:30 to discuss the cla

7、ss and ask more questions.While arriving late may not be very important in Brazil , neither is staying late. 1.The word‘punctual’ most probably means________.考點(diǎn)17 易 A.leaving soon after class B.coming early C.arriving a few minutes late D.being on time 2.Why did the professor study the Brazi

8、lian students’ behavior?考點(diǎn)17 易 A.He felt puzzled at the students’ being late. B.He felt angry at the students' rudeness. C.He wanted to make the students come on time later. D.He wanted to collect data for one of his studies. 3.It can be inferred from the professor’s study of lateness in the in

9、formal situation that __________.考點(diǎn)17 易 A.American students will become impatient if their friend is five minutes late B.neither Brazilian nor American students like being late in social gatherings C.being late in one culture may not be considered so rude in another culture D.Brazilian students

10、will not come thirty-three minutes after the agreed time 4.What is the main idea of this passage?考點(diǎn)17 易 A.It is important to be on time for class in the United States. B.The importance of being on time differs among cultures. C.People learn the importance of time only from their own culture. D.

11、Students being late for class should explain the reason to their teacher. B（考點(diǎn)17中難） Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (聯(lián)系) g

12、roups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become fa

13、rmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused man

14、y languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken

15、by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位數(shù)) of speakers is mere

16、 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (1

17、50), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 5.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?考點(diǎn)17 易 A.They developed very fast. B.They were large in number. C.They had

18、similar patterns. D.They were closely connected. 6.Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2?考點(diǎn)17 易 A.complex. B.advanced. C.powerful. D.modern. 7.What is the main idea of the text? A.New languages will be created.考點(diǎn)17 易 B.People's lifestyles are reflected in

19、 languages. C.Human development results in fewer languages. D.Geography determines language evolution. C（考點(diǎn)17中難） Australia,the last continent,was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the seventeenth century, these nations were less interested in changing it into a colony(殖

20、民地)than in exploring(勘探)it.As in the early history of the United States,it was the English who set up the settlements(新拓展地 ) in Australia.This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well. Australia and the United States are about the same in size

21、,and their western lands are both not rich in soil.It was the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west.However,this westward movement took place more because the English were searching for better land than because

22、 the population was increasing.Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold was discovered in America in 1849and in Australia two years later. Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common,these are some striking differences as well.The United

23、 States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war.Australia, unlike the United States,was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising.By 1922,for exampl

24、e, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people,or almost half as many sheep as the people there in the United States.Yet,in spite of these and other main differences, Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the wo

25、rld. 8.Who turned Australia into a colony?考點(diǎn)17 易 A.Britain B.Several European countries. C.The United States of America. D.None of the above. 9.In the early history of America and Australia,both colonies developed towards the west firstly for the reason that______考點(diǎn)17 易 A.the population was i

26、ncreasing rapidly in the east B.the English thought there might be richer land there C.gold was discovered there D.fewer people lived there 10.In the early 1920s______考點(diǎn)17 易 A.Australia had one fifteenth as many people as sheep B.there were more sheep in Australia than in the United States C.

27、the population in Australia was greater than that of the United States D.the United States had twice as many sheep as people 11.The last sentence in the last paragraph “Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most考點(diǎn)17 中難 A.the United States and

28、 Australia do not have any main differences B.the United States and Australia have much more in common than they have with other countries C.the United States and Australia have nothing in common with the rest of the world D.in common with the rest of the world, the United States and Australia ha

29、ve a lot of differences D（考點(diǎn)17易） Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254. When he was 17 years old, he traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese. When they eventually arrived in Beijing, they were warmly welcomed by Kublai Khan, the Yuan Dynasty Empero

30、r. Marco was very clever and could speak four languages. The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends. He asked Marco to serve in his court and sent him to so many important tasks across the country. Marco Polo, in turn, was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was. He was very im

31、pressed by Beijing and the Emperor’s Palace, especially the Summer Palace. There were many inventions and developments in China, which were not available in Europe at that time. Marco Polo was amazed to see Chinese people using paper money in markets. In Europe, people paid for goods with gold or s

32、ilver. He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel, as he had never seen coal before! After 17 years of service to the Emperor, Marco Polo returned to Italy. Unluckily, a local war broke out, and he was caught and put into prison. He met another prisoner who enjoyed listen

33、ing to his stories about China. The prisoner was an author and he took dictation while listening. Later he wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, one of the best sellers (暢銷書) in Europe. 12.Why did Marco Polo and his father travel to China?考點(diǎn)17 易 A.To trade with Chinese.

34、 B.To draw a map of China C.To write a book about China. D.To make friends with the Chinese. 13.Marco Polo was amazed to see Chinese people paying for goods with ______.考點(diǎn)17 易 A.gold B.silver C.paper money D.black stones 14.Who wrote the book The Descriptions of the World?考點(diǎn)17 易 A.Kublai Kh

35、an B.A prisoner C.Marco Polo D.Marco Polo’s father 15.What do you know about Marco Polo from the passage?考點(diǎn)17 易 A.He helped his father learn four languages. B.He taught Chinese people how to use coal. C.He became a prisoner in Beijing. D.He served the Emperor for 17 years. 第II卷（非選擇題）（每題1.5分

36、，共60分） 語法填空 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 （1）難度適中 Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ①__________?考點(diǎn)09(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ?②__________考點(diǎn)01 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 perce

37、nt. A taste for meat is ③__________(actual)考點(diǎn)06 behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice④__________考點(diǎn)08 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ?⑤_

38、_________??rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased⑥__________ 考點(diǎn)04 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ⑦_(dá)_______考點(diǎn)06 (globe) fertilize

39、r consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ⑧__________(start) a soil-testing program ⑨__________考點(diǎn)10 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8

40、 million tons of carbon dioxide.China’s approach to protecting its environment while ⑩__________考點(diǎn)14 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. （2）?易 ?? Running is good for your health. It may help to protect you ①_

41、_________考點(diǎn)03?heart disease and other health problems. Running may also help you live longer. ??? According to a research ②__________考點(diǎn)08 (do) in the US recently, runners are a great deal ③__________考點(diǎn)06 (health) than non-runners. In fact, the runners live, on average, three years longer than the n

42、on-runners. ??? Running may be good exercise, but it can be difficult on the body. Here ④__________考點(diǎn)05 (be) commonly shared ideas among fitness experts to lower the risk of injury for people ⑤__________考點(diǎn)08 (run) regularly. ??? Do not run too much, too soon or too fast. Most people get running in

43、juries when they push ⑥__________考點(diǎn)02 (they) too hard. ??? Get good running shoes. You should find the shoes ⑦_(dá)_________?考點(diǎn)10 offer the best fit and support for your feet. More ⑧__________考點(diǎn)06 (important), you should have a new pair of shoes every 500 to 800 kilometers. ??? After each run, write d

44、own notes about what you did and ⑨__________you felt. You may find that your knees hurt when you run sometimes. Or perhaps you feel great when you have ⑩__________考點(diǎn)01 rest between running days. These notes will help you make the best plan for running. （3）易 Hollywood filmmakers visit Mulan's roots

45、 ??? Hollywood filmmakers, including creators of the 1998 Disney film Mulan, will start?①__________考點(diǎn)01 “discovery trip” to Mulan’s birthplace —Huangpi District in Hubei Province this week. ??? During the two-day visit, they will see a number of Mulan-themed?②__________ 考點(diǎn)04 ( performance) , such

46、as the horse lighting show and the local opera. They will also visit places of historical interest,?③__________ 考點(diǎn)03 the Mulan Mountain and the General's Temple. ??? In the 20 years since the Disney film came out, ④__________考點(diǎn)02 (it) director Tony Bancroft hasn’t been to the land of Mulan's roots.

47、 "For me, it's a full circle tour of where my favorite character was born. I'm also doing my homework for the next film,"?he said. ??? “China used to be closed off to Westerners, thus ⑤?__________ 考點(diǎn)08 ( create) a mystery, but in the last few years, U. S. films ⑥__________ 考點(diǎn)09 (explore ) the Chine

48、se culture and environment,?⑦_(dá)_________ 考點(diǎn)10 has opened audiences to a whole new world. I believe the tale of Mulan appeals to Westerners mainly?⑧__________ 考點(diǎn)13 it’s about a daughter’s respect for her family,?⑨__________ 考點(diǎn)06 (especial) her father,” Bancroft added. ??? A live-action remake of the

49、1998 film is expected to hit theaters in 2019. The Walt Disney Studios has announced that Chinese actress Liu Yifei, also ⑩__________ 考點(diǎn)08 ( know) as Crystal Liu, is going to star in the classic Chinese tale. （4）??易 A mother returned home very tired. Her 8-year-old son ran up to her. He was waitin

50、g for her and wanted to tell her? 1.___________ his younger brother had done. “While I was out playing and Dad was on a call, Tyler took his crayons and wrote on the wall! I told him you would be mad at him 2._____________ 考點(diǎn)03 doing it again, but I couldn’t stop him.” She let out a long sigh and

51、asked: “He did it again? 3._____is your brother now?” “He is in his room.” She walked to the younger son’s room. She called 4.______考點(diǎn)02/03 full name as she entered. Then, she found Tyler 5.________考點(diǎn)08 (try) to hide. He knew that the worst moments 6.______考點(diǎn)09 (come)! For the next 10 minutes, the

52、 room was full of the sound of her shouting about the expensive wallpaper. She scolded the little boy for his bad behavior. The more she scolded, the 7._______考點(diǎn)06 (angry)?she got. Then she headed for the living room 8.______考點(diǎn)08 (see)what he had written. As she saw the wall, her eyes flooded with

53、tears at once. It said “I love Mommy” and 9. _______考點(diǎn)09 (surround) with a heart. Well, the wallpaper remained, just as she found it, with?10.______考點(diǎn)01 empty?frame(框) hung around it. 參考答案 一、閱讀理解 A、答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B 解析：1.本文講述了不同的國家對(duì)于準(zhǔn)時(shí)的理解是不一樣的,是有文化差異的。 主旨大意題?？v觀全文

54、,本文講述了不同的國家對(duì)于準(zhǔn)時(shí)的理解是不一樣的,是有文化差異的,故選D 2.詞義猜測題。being on time 是此題的解題思路:從原文"it is important to be on time,or punctual"中的or得出punctual和be on time意思相近。故選A。 3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文中的Were these students being rude?He decided to study the students'behavior?？芍麑?duì)此表示困惑,故選C 4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)In contrast,in Brazil,neither the teac

55、her nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour.可知其中關(guān)鍵詞語"In contrast"和…形成對(duì)比/比較,可知B為答案 B、答案及解析： 答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.D C、答案及解析： 答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B D、答案及解析： 答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D 二、語法填空 （1）答案：has grown; the; actually; to improve; than; pollution; global; start

56、ed; that/which; feeding 解析： 本文是一篇說明文。文中講述了中國為保護(hù)環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名認(rèn)識(shí)的認(rèn)可。 ①考查時(shí)態(tài)。since加時(shí)間點(diǎn),主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意:2011年以來,中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。 ②考查冠詞。句意:玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長了近125%,而大米只增長了7%。故是特指在過去的25年里。故填the。 ③考查副詞。句意:對(duì)肉的需求實(shí)際上是這種變化的背后原因。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,用副詞修飾句子。故填actually。 ④考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米。沒有連詞可

57、以且謂語動(dòng)詞是encourages,故improve應(yīng)該用非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處表示目的,故用不定式。故填to improve。 ⑤考查連詞。句意:玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞less可知,填比較連詞。故填than。 ⑥考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:這一轉(zhuǎn)變減少了中國較大的湖泊和水庫的污染,使人們的飲用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名詞作賓語,故填pollution。 ⑦考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:中國約占全球化肥總消費(fèi)量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名詞短語,故應(yīng)該用形容詞修飾。故填global。 ⑧考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:在2005年政府開始了一項(xiàng)土壤測試項(xiàng)目。本句

58、是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句,由于時(shí)間是2005年,故用過去時(shí)。故填started。 ⑨考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)空后的謂語動(dòng)詞gives可知,該空缺少主語,指代program并且引導(dǎo)后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。 ⑩考查省略句。句意:中國在養(yǎng)活了中國人民的同時(shí)又保護(hù)了環(huán)境。這一做法為全世界的農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食政策制定人提供了很有用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。空格處表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原則:在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、,讓步狀語從句中,如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致且含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí),那么可以把主語和be動(dòng)詞一塊省略。故填feeding。

59、 （2）答案：against/from; done; healthier; are; running; themselves; that/which; importantly; how; a 解析： 【文章大意】跑步有益健康,但跑步時(shí)需要注意一些重要事項(xiàng)。 1.?against/from 考査介詞。protect sb. against/from...是習(xí)慣搭配,意思是“保護(hù)某人免遭……”。 2.?done考査非謂語動(dòng)詞。done in the US recently是過去分詞短語作定語,分詞動(dòng)作do與被修飾詞research之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 3.?healthier

60、考査比較級(jí)。由句中than non-runners可知,這里應(yīng)該填healthy的比較級(jí)形式;a great deal修飾比較級(jí),表示程度, 意思是“……得多”。 4.?are考査時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。該句使用了完全倒裝,主語是ideas, 故謂語動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)形式;這里說的是一般性道理,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 5.?running考査非謂語動(dòng)詞。running regularly是現(xiàn)在分同短語作后置定語,修飾people,分詞動(dòng)作run與邏輯主語people之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 6.?themselves考査代詞。這里指的是這些人自己,故用they的反身代詞。 7.?that/which 考査定語從句。

61、that/which offer the best fit and support for your feet是定語從句,修飾先行詞the shoes,關(guān)系代詞that/which在從句中作主語。 8.?importantly 考査詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由于修飾的是整個(gè)句子,故用important的副詞形式。 9.?how 考査名詞性從句?！皐hat you did and how you felt”是兩個(gè)并列的賓語從句,其中how表示“怎樣”。 10.?a考査冠詞。have a rest是固定短語,意思是“休息一會(huì)兒”。 （3）答案：1. a2.performances3. lik

62、e4. its5. creating6. have explored7. which8. because9. especially10. known 解析： 1.?a此處填不定冠詞a,表示“一”。 2.?performances考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。前面有a number of,表示 “許多”,后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 3.like考査介詞的用法。前文講的是他們也將參觀許多歷史名勝，如木蘭山和將軍廟。所以此處用like。 4.its考查代詞的用法。此處要用形容詞性物主代詞作定語修飾director。 5.?creating考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 6.?have explored考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

63、。由本句中的時(shí)間狀語in the last few years 可知此處用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。 7. which考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。由于此處是非限制性定語從句,且先行詞指物,所以填which。 8.?because考查狀語從句。此處表原因。句意:Bancroft補(bǔ)充說:“我認(rèn)為花木蘭的傳說之所以能吸引西方人主要是因?yàn)榛咎m對(duì)家人尤其是對(duì)她父親的尊重”。 9.?especially 考査詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由語境可知,此處要用副詞especially。 10. known考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處用過去分詞known作定語修飾前面的Liu Yifei。 （4）答案：1. what ??????????2. for?????3. Where????????4. his/the????????????5.trying 6. were coming ????? 7.?angrier ??????8. to see ??????????9. was surrounded???10. an 13