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【紅對勾 講與練】(新課標(biāo))2021年高三英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題十一 定語從句(含解析)

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【紅對勾 講與練】(新課標(biāo))2021年高三英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí) 專題十一 定語從句(含解析)

專題十一定語從句高考精萃1(2014·北京卷)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.2(2014·天津卷)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it differently.3(2014·山東卷)A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.4(2014·重慶卷)We'll reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.5(2014·江蘇卷)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must.6(2014·浙江卷)I don't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.7(2014·福建卷)Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.8(2014·安徽卷)The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.9(2014·湖南卷)I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.10(2014·陜西卷)Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.11(2014·四川卷)Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.12(2014·江西卷)Among the many dangers _ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.13(2013·遼寧卷)He may win the competition, in_case he is likely to get into the national team.14(2013·新課標(biāo)全國卷)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.15(2013·北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.16(2013·天津卷)We have launched another man­made satellite, _ is announced in today's newspaper.17(2013·重慶卷)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.18(2013·山東卷)There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science.19(2013·山東卷)Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.20(2013·浙江卷)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.21(2013·福建卷)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.22(2013·江蘇卷)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.23(2013·安徽卷)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese people's long­held dreams come true.24(2013·湖南卷)Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.25(2013·四川卷)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.26(2013·江西卷)He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.27(2012·課標(biāo)全國卷)That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.28(2012·安徽卷)A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.29(2012·湖南卷)Care of the soul is a gradual process in _ even the small details of life should be considered.30(2012·浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.答案與解析1which句意:我上周從圖書館借了夏洛克·福爾摩斯這本書,這是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的。先行詞為the book Sherlock Holmes,從句中recommended后缺少賓語成分,故填關(guān)系代詞which。2which句意:英語是一種被好幾種不同的文化都使用的語言,而且每一種文化使用它的方式也不同。設(shè)空處前后兩部分之間既沒有并列連詞也沒有從屬連詞,故后面部分應(yīng)為定語從句,又因?yàn)橄刃性~是cultures且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語,所以填which。3whose句意:從國內(nèi)市場得到的利潤正在下降的公司可以去國外尋找機(jī)會(huì)。先行詞為company,將先行詞代入定語從句后為:The company's profits from home markets are declining.由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作定語,故填whose。4which/that句意:一個(gè)月以后我們將會(huì)達(dá)到年初所定的銷售目標(biāo)。在本句中,先行詞是the sales targets,關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作set的賓語,所以填關(guān)系代詞which/that。設(shè)空處也可以不填,因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略。5where句意:這本書對我的日常交流很有幫助,尤其是在那些必須給人留下良好印象的工作中。根據(jù)句意填關(guān)系副詞where。where 引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。6when句意:我直到五年級才真正成為一個(gè)攀登者,那時(shí),我爬到樹上去拿一個(gè)被掛在樹枝上的風(fēng)箏。在本句中,先行詞為the fifth grade,設(shè)空處在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,故填when。7where句意:學(xué)生應(yīng)該參加社區(qū)活動(dòng),他們從中能獲得成長經(jīng)驗(yàn)。將先行詞community activities代入定語從句后為:They can gain experience for growth from the community activities.由此可知關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。故填where。8which/that句意:安杰拉和她的家人一起在中國度過的確切年份是2008年。在本句中,先行詞是the exact year,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作spent的賓語,故填which/that。9when句意:我正期待著那一天的到來,那時(shí)我的女兒可以讀這本書并且了解我對她的感情。在本句中,先行詞為the day,關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語,故填when。10that句意:請把你擁有的關(guān)于競聘這個(gè)職位的那個(gè)候選人的所有信息發(fā)給我們。在本句中,先行詞the information被all修飾,所以只能填關(guān)系代詞that,而不填which。11which句意:到目前為止,我們已經(jīng)為那些貧窮的孩子們籌款50,000英鎊,這非常出乎我們的意料。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語,所以填which。12which/that句意:在海員們不得不面對的許多危險(xiǎn)中,最大的危險(xiǎn)很可能是霧。在本句中,先行詞為dangers,將先行詞代入定語從句后為:Sailors have to face the dangers.由此可見,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作face的賓語,且指“物”,故填which/that。13which句意:他有可能贏得這次比賽,假使那樣的話,他有希望進(jìn)入國家隊(duì)。句子可改為:He may win the competition,and in that case he is likely to get into the national team.去掉并列連詞and,用which替換that后變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)非限制性定語從句。14where/in which句意:在我到達(dá)后,Bryan帶我去看了我將要住的房子。先行詞the house表示地點(diǎn),還原到定語從句中為:I would be staying in the house.故應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞where或in which引導(dǎo)定語從句。15where/in which句意:很多國家現(xiàn)在都在建立國家公園,在那里動(dòng)植物能夠受到保護(hù)。先行詞為national parks,代入定語從句后為:In the national parks animals and plants can be protected.故使用表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞where或in which引導(dǎo)定語從句。16which/as句意:我們又發(fā)射了一顆人造衛(wèi)星,這件事是在今天的報(bào)紙上宣布的。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞為前面一句話,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語,故用which/as引導(dǎo)。17whom句意:約翰邀請了大約40人參加他的婚禮,他們當(dāng)中絕大部分都是自家人。在定語從句中如果介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,且先行詞指人時(shí),從句中關(guān)系代詞只能使用whom。18as句意:科學(xué)往往就是這樣,它沒有一個(gè)簡單的答案??崭裉幍囊龑?dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,并引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。19which/that句意:他最后到了一座完全與外面世界隔絕的孤島上。定語從句修飾的先行詞是island,將先行詞代入定語從句后為:The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作主語,且先行詞表示“物”,可以用which或that引導(dǎo)。20where/on which句意:博物館將在春天開放,屆時(shí)將有一個(gè)展覽和一個(gè)觀景平臺。參觀者可以在那個(gè)觀景臺上觀看正在建設(shè)的大溫室(玻璃暖房)。先行詞為a viewing platform,將其代入定語從句后為:Visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built on the viewing platform.由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,故用where/on which。21whose句意:這本書從生活遭受地震影響的人們的視角講述地震的故事。將先行詞those代入定語從句后為:The lives of those were affected.由此可知先行詞在從句中和lives是所屬關(guān)系,從句中缺少定語,故填whose。22which句意:世界銀行主席說他對中國有一種情結(jié),他記得這種情結(jié)始于他的兒童時(shí)代。先行詞是a passion for China,且在定語從句中作starting 的賓語,要用關(guān)系代詞,在非限制性定語從句中用which。23which句意:莫言被授予2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng),這使得中國人長久以來擁有的夢想之一變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代前面整個(gè)主句。24who句意:幸福和成功經(jīng)常青睞那些善于發(fā)現(xiàn)自身長處的人。先行詞為those,將先行詞代入非限制性定語從句后為:Those are good at recognizing their own strengths.由此可見,先行詞在定語從句中作主語,且表示“人”,故用who。本題易誤填that。當(dāng)先行詞是指人的不定代詞,如:one,ones,anyone,those,all,nobody等時(shí),用who不用that。25where/in which句意:現(xiàn)在人們更加關(guān)心他們居住的環(huán)境。先行詞是environment,將先行詞代入定語從句后為:They live in the environment.由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,故用where/in which 引導(dǎo)。26where/in which句意:他寫了一封信,信中他解釋了事故中發(fā)生了什么。將先行詞letter代入定語從句后為:He explained what had happened in the accident in the letter.由此可知從句中缺少狀語,應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞where或in which。27which句意:那晚我工作到很晚,稍后我會(huì)告訴你更多關(guān)于那晚的事。先行詞為that evening,將先行詞代入非限制性定語從句后為:I will tell you more about that evening later. 由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作about 的賓語,且表示“物”,故用which引導(dǎo)。本題易誤填when,考生只看到先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞,但沒有注意到先行詞在定語從句中的功能。28as句意:正如人們所發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣,許多語言學(xué)習(xí)是在人出生后的第一年發(fā)生的,所以在那段時(shí)期父母應(yīng)該跟孩子多說話。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處所填詞為非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,先行詞為A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語,且定語從句作為插入語放在了句子中,故答案為as,意為:正如。29which句意:對心靈的關(guān)愛是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程,在這個(gè)過程中即使最細(xì)微的生活細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該被考慮在內(nèi)??疾椤敖樵~which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。先行詞為a gradual process,將先行詞代入定語從句后為:Even the small details of life should be considered in the gradual process.由此可見關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞in的賓語,所以填which。30who句意:埃倫是一個(gè)專畫鳥類和自然風(fēng)景的畫家。由于某種原因,她遠(yuǎn)離了人類社會(huì)。此題考查非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞Ellen。因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞指人并且在從句中作主語,所以只能用who。模擬精選1(2014·沈陽質(zhì)監(jiān)一)When did you first read Mo Yan's stories?In 2005 _ I was attending high school.2(2014·山東濰坊一模)Life is like an onion, _ sometimes makes you weep when you try opening it.3(2014·江蘇蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市調(diào)研一)In the fast­moving information age,teenagers should keep pace with the media environment _ they communicate with the outside world.4(2014·陜西寶雞質(zhì)檢二)Officials of our city are considering a law _ would require pet owners to put microchips in their animals.5(2014·山東濰坊聯(lián)考)Mo Yan,most of _ novels have been adapted for films,is now a world­famous writer.6(2014·山東青島質(zhì)檢)The result was not the same as they had expected, _ was rather disappointing.7(2014·北京東城統(tǒng)一檢測)Most of my friends shop at the stores _ the goods are very cheap.8(2014·成都二診)The school library is a resource _ you can take advantage to make progress.9(2014·北京海淀期末練習(xí))This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere _ many others are short of.10(2014·福州質(zhì)量檢測)Whether you like it or not,we live in a community _ online chatting is an important part of communication.11(2014·福州畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)The Voice of China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music, _ some have stood out among them.12(2014·陜西質(zhì)量檢測一)The living standard of the people in China, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past decades.13(2014·杭州高考科目教學(xué)質(zhì)檢)Each graduate standing on the playground, _ was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.14(2014·合肥第一次質(zhì)檢)The mother thanked the young man again and again, without _ help her son would have been killed by the passing car.15(2014·浙江名校聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考)My grandmother lived in a generation _ women were looked down upon.16(2014·南京一模)How do you understand life?It is a constant match _ the greatest opponent is yourself.17(2014·成都第一次診斷)American students take part in a wide variety of after­school activities _ they develop their social skills.18(2014·江西贛州十二縣重點(diǎn)中學(xué)期中)He is such a lazy man _ nobody wants to work with.19(2014·濟(jì)南高考模擬)Salina wants to find a job _ she can use what she has learned at school.20(2014·遼寧錦州期末)Drive­ins have large parking lots _ customers are served in their cars by waitresses.答案與解析1when分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,2005年是先行詞,在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菚r(shí)間狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞when 引導(dǎo)。2which句意:生活就像一個(gè)洋蔥,當(dāng)你嘗試著剝開它時(shí),它有時(shí)候會(huì)讓你流淚。which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾前面的先行詞an onion,在從句中做主語。3where/in which此處為定語從句,先行詞為the media environment,在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。4that/which此處為定語從句,修飾先行詞a law; 因先行詞指物,且關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語,所以用that 或 which 引導(dǎo)該定語從句。5whose分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為非限制性定語從句。先行詞指人,且關(guān)系詞在從句中做novels 的定語,因此用whose 引導(dǎo)該定語從句。6which句意:結(jié)果與他們當(dāng)初預(yù)料的不一樣,這讓人覺得很失望。這里用which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,關(guān)系代詞which 指代空前的整句內(nèi)容并在從句中做主語。7where/in which根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為the stores, 且空處在從句中做狀語,表示地點(diǎn),所以要用where/in which。8of which此處為“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,take advantage of 表示“利用”,根據(jù)該搭配可知,應(yīng)填of which。9that/which句意:這家餐館有一種誘人的、如家一般的氛圍,這是很多其他餐館所沒有的。這里需要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,且指物并在從句中做賓語,因此填that 或which。10where/in which句意:不管你是否喜歡,在我們生活的這個(gè)社會(huì),網(wǎng)上聊天是人際交流的一個(gè)重要部分??仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞a community,并在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語,因此用where/in which 引導(dǎo)。11where/on which句意:中國好聲音為有音樂天賦的年輕人建立了一個(gè)大舞臺。在這個(gè)舞臺上,一些人從中脫穎而出。分析句子成分可知,“_ some have stood out among them”是定語從句,修飾先行詞stage,從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,故用where 引導(dǎo),相當(dāng)于on which。12as句意:正如報(bào)告所顯示的,中國人民的生活水平在過去的幾十年里得到了改善。這里用as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,關(guān)系代詞as 指代主句的內(nèi)容并在從句中做主語。13who句意:每個(gè)畢業(yè)生都由父親或母親陪伴著站在操場上,等待校長給他們頒發(fā)文憑。這里需要用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,并在從句中做主語,指人,故用who 引導(dǎo)。14whose句意:這位母親一次又一次地感謝這個(gè)年輕人,如果沒有他的幫助,她的兒子就被過往的汽車撞死了。分析句子成分可知,此處應(yīng)用whose 修飾名詞help,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。15when/in which句意:我的祖母生活在一個(gè)婦女被看不起的時(shí)代。此處用when 引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞generation, 在從句中做時(shí)間狀語,相當(dāng)于in which。16where/in which句意:你如何理解生活?它是一場沒有盡頭的比賽,在這個(gè)比賽中最大的對手是你自己。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這是一個(gè)定語從句,先行詞是a constant match, 空處在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞where 引導(dǎo),相當(dāng)于in which。17where/in which空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞activities,且空處在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語,所以用where 引導(dǎo),相當(dāng)于in which。18as句意:他是個(gè)如此懶惰的人,以至于沒有人想和他一起工作。such.that. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,that 只起連接作用,從句中不缺少成分。such.as. 中as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,as 為關(guān)系代詞,在從句中做主語、賓語等。19where/in which句意:Salina 想找一份能用上她在學(xué)校學(xué)的知識的工作。空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞a job 并在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語,因此該空可填in which 或 where。20where句意:“免下車”餐廳有很大的停車場,顧客可以在自己的汽車?yán)锝邮芘陶叩姆?wù)。large parking lots 是地點(diǎn),且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,所以填where。創(chuàng)新預(yù)測1With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in _ village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.2He didn't keep his word, _ made me upset.3Mr. Luke, in _ supermarket we bought an iPad last week, will give us a report on how to choose a career this evening.4Tango is a passionate dance, _ brings the dancers together in a way that words can't express.5The real­name policy for train tickets has been applied to all trains since January 1,2012 in China, _ will make it easy for people to get tickets.6Where did you see the movie Life of Pi directed by Ang Lee?It was in the cinema _ I regularly go.7What do you think of the reason _ he gave at the meeting yesterday?8London successfully held the Olympic Games opening ceremony in 2012, _ is really impressive and beyond people's imagination.9_ is shown in the report, teenager problems are often connected with family life education.10Eleven people got killed in the accident, _ the identities haven't been available.11His younger sister may already be in high school now, in _ case this picture book is too childish for her.12My daughter, _ job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home a lot.13Amanda hopes to live a simple life _ she can just enjoy her activities rather than rushing to meet the dealine.14There are a couple of art galleries in the city _ exhibitions are worth visiting.15_ is often the case, he comes to life when it comes to playing football.16Living in the mountain area has its problems, of _ obtaining water is a big one.17Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have led to changes in the law.18Few people would take an active part in a society _ culture is so different from their own.19China's population is expected to increase to about 1.5 billion in 2040, after _ it will start to decline slowly.20I have been looking forward to the day, _ I am admitted to a key university.答案與解析1whose句意:隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,在她10年前教書的村子里,人們一直過著幸福的生活。in whose villagein people's village, 關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語,所以填whose。2whichwhich 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語。3whose句意:上周我們在他的超市里購買iPad 的那個(gè)Luke 先生今天晚上要給我們作關(guān)于擇業(yè)的講座。關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語修飾supermarket,用whose。4which句意:探戈是一種熱情奔放的舞蹈,它以一種難以用語言表達(dá)的方式把跳舞者聚在一起。先行詞是dance,從句為非限制性定語從句,且關(guān)系詞作主語,用which。5which句意:從2012年1月1日以來,在中國實(shí)名制購買火車票制度已應(yīng)用到了所有的火車上,這將會(huì)讓人們買票變得容易。根據(jù)語境可知此處為非限制性定語從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語且指代前面整個(gè)主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容,故應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which。6where/to which句意:你是在哪兒看的李安導(dǎo)演的電影少年派的奇幻漂流的?就是在我常去的那家電影院。定語從句中不缺主語也不缺賓語,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,要用關(guān)系副詞where 或 to which。7that/which句意:你認(rèn)為他在昨天的會(huì)上給出的那個(gè)理由怎么樣?定語從句修飾的先行詞是the reason,關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語,應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞that/which。8which句意:倫敦成功舉辦了2012年奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的開幕式,給人們留下了深刻的印象,超出了人們的想象。考查which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,which 在從句中作主語。9As句意:正如報(bào)告中所表明的那樣,青少年問題經(jīng)常和家庭生活教育有關(guān)。as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),位置比較靈活,而且可以意為“正如”。10of whom句意:在這次事故中,11人死亡,他們的身份還沒有被確定。of whom the identitieswhose identities 指“死者的身份”。11which句意:他妹妹現(xiàn)在可能已經(jīng)上高中了,這樣的話,這本圖畫書對她來說就太幼稚了。in which case.and in this/that case.。12whose句意:我的女兒總不在家,因?yàn)樗墓ぷ餍枰?jīng)常出差。關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語,所以填whose。13where句意;Amanda 希望過簡單的生活,在這樣的生活里她可以只做自己喜歡的事情不是忙著趕工期。關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,故填where。14whose句意:在這座城市里有幾個(gè)美術(shù)館,其中的展品值得觀看。因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞在從句中作定語,所以填whose。15Asas is often the case 意為“情況常常如此”,為定語從句的特殊句式,需牢記。16which先行詞為物,定語從句用介詞which 引導(dǎo)。17where先行詞為 cases,定語從句中缺狀語,故用 where 引導(dǎo)。18whosewhose 引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作定語。19which先行詞為物,定語從句用介詞which 引導(dǎo)。20when先行詞為時(shí)間名詞,定語從句中缺狀語,故用 when 引導(dǎo)。7

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