0046-清障車改裝設(shè)計(jì)【全套8張CAD圖+說(shuō)明書+文獻(xiàn)翻譯】
0046-清障車改裝設(shè)計(jì)【全套8張CAD圖+說(shuō)明書+文獻(xiàn)翻譯】,全套8張CAD圖+說(shuō)明書+文獻(xiàn)翻譯,清障車,改裝,設(shè)計(jì),全套,cad,說(shuō)明書,仿單,文獻(xiàn),翻譯
附 錄
Market situation analysis and research trend
A. is half hanged tractor, dump truck, car, tank car, van, the special structure of hoisting lift car, store house bar car, and other special vehicles. From abroad, the development of the car industry, the development trend of auto specialty. In the 20th century 70, 80 time, the main functions of the developed countries of specialized automobile vehicles is 50% of the quantities, now has been increased to 80 %. China's current below 25 %. China has joined the WTO, developing automobile industry is facing a great challenge, special vehicle is an important part of automobile industry, affected is inevitable. With the development of economy and the construction of infrastructure, China will need a lot of special automobile, therefore the tenth-five period in China will be truly special development into "fast track"
Special automobile market analysis
In recent years, China's special automobile industry. In 1990, the production of specialized automobile enterprises about 500, 2000, has 756 home auto production enterprise of total 884 85.5 per cent. In 1998, our special automobile production of 14.95 million vehicles, the total of the auto production, 1999 respectively 21.2% 17.41 million vehicles and achieve 17.28 million vehicles. In 2001, and special markets are almost the entire automotive market occupation deodorants.
Currently our special automobile market has the following five basic features:
1、special-purpose automobile production and demand truly reflects many varieties, small batch. Special automobile refitting enterprise development and production has many varieties, seriation, pluralism characteristics in different periods, market, adjust the different needs of different products production scale. This feature in cars and ordinary greatly vehicles. Generally speaking, the box truck, traction semi-trailer, etc, in demand more than tipper, alone can reach up to 10 million, most special vehicle demand to hundreds of thousands of cars only cars, and some even several dozens or car.
2、our special automobile recent price advantage, part of a product is competitive. Domestic main varieties, such as special automobile, refrigerator, semi-trailers concrete pump truck, car, transport and accessory part oilfield as lifting transporter through cooperation, technology or imported special device, approaching or partial reached international advanced level, price competition with the ability of foreign products. To demand greater products, such as heavy, medium dump truck, car, tank truck and van car etc, have a stable domestic market.
3、special-purpose automobile service fields, market prospect is anacreontic, different period of different, but can appear more hot hot exists. In 2001, for example, the country increased infrastructure investment, especially in infrastructure, increasing investment in the construction of the Midwest, plus such as "west-east gas transmission" and "electricity", "water", the qinghai-tibet railway and highway construction of domestic several large project startup, heavy exclusive up year-on-year, the 84.5 %, Meanwhile, the development of the highway road cargo further specialization, intensive, various box truck, half hanged tractor and special carriers of the social demand had the very big enhancement, only half hanged tractor, year-on-year growth of about 90% by the car industry, become a black horse.
4、market calls stronger technical content, specificity of special products, but higher market supply capacity. Because China's most exclusive enterprise development ability weak, capital, technology appear quite a number of domestic enterprises do not have enough to eat, a. a. market and pretty much on imports to fill the position. A. as heavy, domestic production, and the market more than 70 species to 200 types, 500 cultivars, can satisfy the market companies within 30%. In addition, because many industries for special automobile technology, high performance requirements to achieve a domestic product requirements, such as airport special automobile, highway maintenance management, senior medical ambulance etc. Car, And as YunChaoChe domestic market capacity and products of domestic enterprises can rarely grade C bulletproof requirements.
5、special-purpose automobile production enterprises, the market management of the good and bad are intermingled. A. industry various mechanisms, organization form is diversified. There, the state-run private, There are limited liability company, joint stock limited company is, Also belong to different industries, mode of production and management by truck chassis refitting, market, easy to interference. Illegally assembled and selling product certification phenomenon in all, which seriously interfere with special automobile market. Special automobile manufacturing enterprise, mostly for small and medium-sized enterprise, the difference between. According to the modified enterprise 1999 annual 530 home, more than 1000 production enterprises only 47, accounting for 8.9%, Production of enterprises under 100 $229, accounting for 43.2 percent. There are 45 yield less than 10 bus. In recent years, the government to strengthen the management of specialized automobile market, increase the reorganization and crack, market environment is greatly improved, to gradually regularized.
Although our special automobile industry development prospects and success, but compared with special automobile enterprises abroad, there are still great difference.
1、the labor productivity significantly lower. In 1999, special production enterprises, the output value per person for 0.98 million yuan, the profit for 11.13 0.015 yuan per person. And the three indexes, Japan in early 1990 to 12.5 million cars, and the period 37.5 million.
product technical level is relatively backward. Mainly displays in: (1) the utilization coefficient, low quality of same type, with more than 20 foreign heavy vehicle tonnage; % ~ 30 % 2 special function satisfaction than the same products abroad backward 5 ~ 10 years, 3 man-computer engineering application, adaptive performance is not strong, high technology USES less, 4 vehicle reliability, sealing and durability, and noise pollution emission.
2、product development ability is poor. Our special automobile varieties are mostly through a generic, and high technology products through introducing technology or product to make appropriate improvement "and" localization, the lack of real independent innovation products development.
The international competition ability (4) is weak. Our special cars with low coefficient of international competitiveness, import and export trade, and the import value difference of specialized automobile mainly from Europe and Japan and other developed countries, mainly exports southeast Asia and Africa is the object of the developing countries.
3、In the tenth-five period special-purpose automobile development trend
Along with the national "tenth five-year plan" period, the steady development of the national economy and the market economic system, and the improvement of electronic and information and automation technology in the automotive industry, the development of domestic special-purpose automobile will appear as follows:
1、"the special market demand growth, and the market will be more competitive, special production enterprises gradually to the polarization. According to the country "special" tenth five-year plan "period", "tenth-five period special-purpose automobile needs to 10% annual growth rate increases, in 2005, our various special automobile market demand for 34 million cars, trucks of production equipments, including the 35 million, 41.8 14.1 %, Tractor semi-trailer 4.8 million vehicles, 14%, Van car 85,000, 25% of the time, 3.3 million cars, car tank of 9.5%, 135 million cars lifting lifters, 4%, The special structure of 1.7 million cars, 5%, Store house bar 0.2 million cars, car type 0.7%. "Tenth-five", is expected to end the special automobile ownership will reach 275.3 million vehicles. Facing such opportunities, coupled with the "wto" brings more foreign products, special vehicle production enterprise competition intensifies, domestic car again production enterprise stronger who will appear the weak, the weak, the enterprise will be further, exclusive joint, merger, reorganization and leasing, private car will also become one of the enterprise reform mode.
2、the special demand more diversified and some special function, special products will ChongXingHua, special function to high technical content, the direction of development. Large-tonnage heavy vehicle transportation safety, high, low cost, and transportation units in some developed countries of the main highway transportation of container trailer is heavy, tank truck and various special semi-trailer, the special production and heavy mainly are the total quantities of 80 %. Our special cars by road conditions and production of special chassis, has been to limit, heavy mid-size car obviously low proportion. Along with our country economy and the traffic environment improvement, industry of specialized automobile especially heavy special-purpose automobile demand is bigger and bigger, heavy dump truck, bulk cement concrete mixer, car and truck, high compression garbage truck, sprayer, municipal transport, a. a. heavy oil will win customers. To the degree of specialization and special requirements are increasingly high technical content, born out of many new special type. By 2005, heavy, medium and small proportion is 1:6 by now, 3 evolved for 3:4:3 reasonable composition. By 1998 will breed varieties, 223 1372 cultivars, increased to 300 kinds of 2005, 3,000 varieties.
3、car production flexibility, automation, professional to produce and coordination network development, design and development of CAD technology of virtual technology is widely used to test technology, intelligent, systematic development direction. A. "many varieties, small batch, short cycle" characteristics, product updates faster, market demand diversity, personalized towards the direction of development, the traditional pattern of all-round enterprise competitiveness, will lose all forms of cooperative development, production and marketing, fast response to market demands, flexible production, design, manufacturing and adopted by many enterprises. CAD technology for shortening exclusive product development cycle, improve product quality and reduce cost will play a positive role in promoting. At the same time, with special automobile production and technology development, and special automobile test coverage is more and more wide, from the traditional measuring instrument to various special test equipment, from a single test to the comprehensive test, from hardware to software are put forward higher request, and more complex, will promote the technique and method of special test. Combined with the application of computer software technology, special test technical trend intelligent and systematized.
專用車市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)狀分析及趨勢(shì)研究
專用車是自卸車、半掛牽引車、廂式車、罐式車、起重舉升車、特種結(jié)構(gòu)車、倉(cāng)柵車等專用載貨汽車的統(tǒng)稱。從國(guó)外汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展來(lái)看,載貨汽車專用化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)比較明顯。20世紀(jì)70、80年代,主要發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的專用汽車保有量占載貨汽車保有量的50%左右,如今已增至80 %。而我國(guó)目前低于25 %。我國(guó)已加入WTO ,汽車工業(yè)發(fā)展正面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn),專用汽車是汽車工業(yè)的重要組成部分,受到影響是不可避免的。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的加快,我國(guó)將需要大量的專用汽車,因此“十五”期間我國(guó)專用車發(fā)展將真正駛?cè)搿翱燔嚨馈薄?
近年來(lái),我國(guó)專用汽車行業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。1990年全國(guó)生產(chǎn)專用汽車的企業(yè)約500多家, 2000年已達(dá)756家,占汽車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)總數(shù)884家的85.5%。1998年我國(guó)專用汽車產(chǎn)量達(dá)14.95萬(wàn)輛,占當(dāng)年全國(guó)載貨汽車總產(chǎn)量的21.2% ,1999年產(chǎn)銷分別達(dá)到17.41萬(wàn)輛和17.28萬(wàn)輛。2001年專用車市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)中有升,其產(chǎn)銷幾乎占領(lǐng)整個(gè)載貨汽車市場(chǎng)的半壁江山。目前我國(guó)專用汽車市場(chǎng)具有如下五個(gè)基本特征:
1、專用汽車的生產(chǎn)和需求真正體現(xiàn)了多品種、小批量。專用汽車改裝企業(yè)的開發(fā)和生產(chǎn)具有多品種、系列化、多元化的特點(diǎn),企業(yè)針對(duì)市場(chǎng)不同時(shí)期的不同需求,調(diào)整不同系列產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量比例。這一特征大大區(qū)別于轎車和普通載貨汽車。一般而言,廂式運(yùn)輸車、牽引半掛車等年需求量較大,達(dá)萬(wàn)輛以上,自卸車可達(dá)10萬(wàn)輛左右,大多數(shù)專用汽車的需求量?jī)H數(shù)百輛至數(shù)千輛,有的甚至幾輛或幾十輛。
2、我國(guó)專用汽車近期略有價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì),部分產(chǎn)品尚具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。國(guó)內(nèi)專用汽車主要品種,例如半掛車、冷藏車、混凝土泵車、高空作業(yè)車、部分油田用車和隨車起重運(yùn)輸車等通過合資合作、引進(jìn)技術(shù)或引進(jìn)專用裝置,已接近或部分達(dá)到國(guó)外先進(jìn)水平,價(jià)格上具有與國(guó)外產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的能力。對(duì)需求量較大的產(chǎn)品,如重、中型自卸車、廂式車、罐式運(yùn)輸車和作業(yè)車等,有較穩(wěn)定的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)。
3、專用汽車服務(wù)領(lǐng)域廣闊,市場(chǎng)前景明朗,不同時(shí)期有著不同的熱點(diǎn),而且可以出現(xiàn)多個(gè)熱點(diǎn)并存的局面。以2001年為例,由于國(guó)家加大了基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的投入,特別是加大了對(duì)中西部基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的投資,加上諸如“西氣東輸”、“西電東送”、“南水北調(diào)”、青藏鐵路及國(guó)內(nèi)幾條高速公路建設(shè)等大型項(xiàng)目的啟動(dòng),重型專用車火爆起來(lái),同比增長(zhǎng)了84.5 %；與此同時(shí),高速公路的發(fā)展使公路貨運(yùn)進(jìn)一步專業(yè)化、集約化, 各類廂式運(yùn)輸車、半掛牽引車和專用運(yùn)輸車的社會(huì)需求量有了很大提高,僅半掛牽引車,同比增長(zhǎng)達(dá)90%左右,成為專用車行業(yè)的一匹黑馬。
4、市場(chǎng)呼喚專用性更強(qiáng)、技術(shù)含量更高的專用車產(chǎn)品,但市場(chǎng)供給能力不足。由于我國(guó)大部分專用車企業(yè)開發(fā)能力較弱,資金技術(shù)不足,因而出現(xiàn)了國(guó)內(nèi)相當(dāng)數(shù)量的專用車企業(yè)吃不飽,又有相當(dāng)多專用車市場(chǎng)靠進(jìn)口來(lái)填補(bǔ)的局面。如重型專用車,國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)70余種, 而市場(chǎng)需要200個(gè)種類、500個(gè)品種,國(guó)產(chǎn)車只能滿足市場(chǎng)的30%。此外,由于許多行業(yè)對(duì)專用汽車技術(shù)性能要求很高,國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品一時(shí)很難達(dá)到要求,如機(jī)場(chǎng)專用汽車、高速公路維護(hù)管理專用車、高級(jí)醫(yī)療急救車等；又如運(yùn)鈔車國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)容量很大,而國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品很少能達(dá)到C級(jí)防彈要求。
5、專用汽車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)良莠不齊,市場(chǎng)管理難度較大。專用車行業(yè)多種機(jī)制并存, 組織形式是多樣化的。有國(guó)營(yíng)的,民營(yíng)的；有有限責(zé)任公司, 也有股份有限公司；又分屬不同行業(yè)管理,生產(chǎn)方式又以載貨車底盤改裝為主,市場(chǎng)不規(guī)范,容易受到干擾。非法拼裝和買賣產(chǎn)品合格證的現(xiàn)象在各地時(shí)有發(fā)生,嚴(yán)重干擾了專用汽車市場(chǎng)。專用汽車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)多,大多為中小企業(yè),企業(yè)間的差異較大。根據(jù)對(duì)530家改裝企業(yè)1999年產(chǎn)量的統(tǒng)計(jì),產(chǎn)量1000 輛以上的企業(yè)只有47家, 占8.9%; 產(chǎn)量100輛以下的企業(yè)卻高達(dá)229家,占43.2%。其中有45家產(chǎn)量不足10輛。近年來(lái), 政府加強(qiáng)了對(duì)專用汽車市場(chǎng)管理,加大整頓和打擊力度,市場(chǎng)環(huán)境大有好轉(zhuǎn),逐步向正規(guī)化邁進(jìn)。盡管我國(guó)專用汽車行業(yè)的發(fā)展成績(jī)斐然,前景廣闊,但是與國(guó)外專用汽車企業(yè)相比,仍然存在較大的差異。
1、勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率明顯較低。1999年我國(guó)專用車企業(yè)人均產(chǎn)量為0.98輛,人均產(chǎn)值為11.13萬(wàn)元,人均利潤(rùn)為0.015萬(wàn)元。而上述三項(xiàng)指標(biāo),日本早在1990年就分別達(dá)到12.5輛、37.5萬(wàn)元和4.85萬(wàn)元。
2、產(chǎn)品技術(shù)水平相對(duì)落后。主要表現(xiàn)在: ①質(zhì)量利用系數(shù)低,同類型、同噸位車比國(guó)外重20 %～30 %； ②專用功能滿足度比國(guó)外同類產(chǎn)品落后5～10 年； ③人機(jī)工程應(yīng)用不充分, 適應(yīng)性能不強(qiáng),高技術(shù)采用較少；④車輛的可靠性、密封性和耐久性較差,排放和噪聲污染較為嚴(yán)重。
3、產(chǎn)品開發(fā)能力差。我國(guó)專用汽車品種大多是通過仿制而來(lái),少數(shù)高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品則是通過引進(jìn)技術(shù)或參照國(guó)外產(chǎn)品做適度“國(guó)產(chǎn)化改進(jìn)”而成,缺乏真正獨(dú)立開發(fā)的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品。
4、國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力較弱。我國(guó)專用汽車的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力系數(shù)較低,進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易價(jià)值差異較大, 且進(jìn)口專用汽車主要來(lái)自歐美和日本等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,出口對(duì)象主要是東南亞和非洲的發(fā)展中國(guó)家。
隨著國(guó)家“十五”規(guī)劃的逐步展開,國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)步發(fā)展和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的日趨完善, 以及電子、信息和自動(dòng)化技術(shù)在汽車工業(yè)的廣泛應(yīng)用,國(guó)內(nèi)專用汽車的發(fā)展將呈現(xiàn)如下趨勢(shì):
1、“十五”期間我國(guó)專用車市場(chǎng)需求將快速增長(zhǎng), 而市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)更加激烈,專用車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)逐步向兩極分化。根據(jù)國(guó)家《專用汽車“十五”規(guī)劃》，“十五”期間專用汽車需求以10%左右的年增長(zhǎng)率遞增,到2005年,我國(guó)各類專用汽車的市場(chǎng)需求總量為34萬(wàn)輛,占當(dāng)年載貨車產(chǎn)量的35% ,其中自卸車14.1萬(wàn)輛,占41.8 %;牽引半掛車4.8萬(wàn)輛,占14%;廂式車8.5萬(wàn)輛,占25%;罐式車3.3萬(wàn)輛, 占9.5%; 起重舉升車1.35萬(wàn)輛, 占4%;特種結(jié)構(gòu)車1.7萬(wàn)輛,占5%;倉(cāng)柵式車0.2萬(wàn)輛,占0.7%。預(yù)計(jì)“十五”末期,全國(guó)專用汽車擁有量將達(dá)275.3萬(wàn)輛。面對(duì)如此商機(jī),加之“入世”帶來(lái)的更多國(guó)外產(chǎn)品的沖擊,專用汽車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)再度加劇,國(guó)內(nèi)專用車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)將出現(xiàn)強(qiáng)者更強(qiáng)、弱者愈弱、弱肉強(qiáng)食的局面,專用車企業(yè)將進(jìn)一步聯(lián)合、兼并、重組,而且租賃、民營(yíng)也會(huì)成為專用車企業(yè)改革的模式之一。
2、專用車的需求更加多元化， 一些具有特殊功能的專用車應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,產(chǎn)品將向重型化、專用功能強(qiáng)、技術(shù)含量高的方向發(fā)展。大噸位重型車運(yùn)輸高速、安全,單位運(yùn)輸成本低,歐美一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的高速公路的主要運(yùn)輸工具是以重型集裝箱半掛車、罐式運(yùn)輸車以及各種專用半掛車為主, 重型專用車生產(chǎn)量和保有量均占其總量的80 %左右。我國(guó)專用汽車受公路條件和專用車底盤生產(chǎn)的限制, 一直以中型車為主,重型專用車的比例明顯偏低。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和交通環(huán)境的改善,行業(yè)對(duì)專用汽車尤其是重型專用汽車的需求越來(lái)越大,重型自卸車、散裝水泥車、混凝土攪拌車、高空消防車、壓縮式垃圾車、灑水車、市政用車、油田專用車等重型專用車將更加贏得用戶的青睞。同時(shí)對(duì)專用車的專業(yè)化程度和技術(shù)含量要求也越來(lái)越高,誕生出許多新的專用車種類。到2005年,重、中、輕型車的比例可望由目前的1∶6∶3 逐步演變?yōu)?∶4∶3的合理構(gòu)成比。品種將由1998年的223個(gè)種類,1372個(gè)品種,增加到2005年的300個(gè)種類,3000個(gè)品種。
3、專用車生產(chǎn)向柔性化、自動(dòng)化、專業(yè)化以及生產(chǎn)協(xié)作配套網(wǎng)絡(luò)化發(fā)展, 設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)向CAD發(fā)展, 虛擬技術(shù)得到廣泛應(yīng)用,測(cè)試技術(shù)向智能化、系統(tǒng)化方向發(fā)展。專用車具有“多品種、小批量、短周期”的特點(diǎn), 產(chǎn)品的更新速度越來(lái)越快, 市場(chǎng)需求朝著多元化、個(gè)性化方向發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的小而全的企業(yè)模式將喪失競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,各種形式的合作開發(fā)、生產(chǎn)和營(yíng)銷方式應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,快速響應(yīng)市場(chǎng)需求,柔性生產(chǎn)、異地設(shè)計(jì)、異地加工越來(lái)越被眾多企業(yè)所采用。CAD技術(shù)對(duì)縮短專用車產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期、提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和降低成本將起到積極的推動(dòng)作用。同時(shí),隨著專用汽車生產(chǎn)和制掃造技術(shù)的發(fā)展,專用汽車測(cè)試覆蓋范圍也越來(lái)越寬,從傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)量?jī)x器到各種專用測(cè)試設(shè)備,從單一測(cè)試到綜合測(cè)試,從硬件到軟件都提出了更高、更復(fù)雜的要求,將促進(jìn)專用車測(cè)試技術(shù)和手段的發(fā)展變化。結(jié)合計(jì)算機(jī)軟件技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,專用車測(cè)試技術(shù)趨向智能化、系統(tǒng)化。
8
開題報(bào)告
題目名稱
ST5063TQZ清障車改裝設(shè)計(jì)
一、課題研究現(xiàn)狀、選題目的和意義
研究現(xiàn)狀：
現(xiàn)代汽車工業(yè)具有全球性，是開放性的綜合產(chǎn)業(yè)。汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必然，而經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展對(duì)汽車使用功能不斷提出新的要求，是汽車更好的為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展服務(wù)，在社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展和人民生活水平不斷提高的雙重要求下，專用車的出現(xiàn)更好的滿足了客戶的專業(yè)需求。
2002年我國(guó)公路通車?yán)锍桃堰_(dá)175.8萬(wàn)公里，其中高速公路達(dá)2.5萬(wàn)公里，躍居世界第二。隨著京沈、京滬、西南出海通道等高速公路的開通，我國(guó)以五縱七橫國(guó)道主干線為重點(diǎn)的國(guó)家公路主骨架已初步建成。這為清障車的突飛發(fā)展孕育了廣闊市場(chǎng)，作為“讓大地的脈絡(luò)更暢通”的使者——清障車，要使其更能發(fā)揮安全快捷、強(qiáng)而有力的道路清障優(yōu)勢(shì)，那么清障車底盤專用化、重型化、智能化、作業(yè)附件實(shí)用性是清障車技術(shù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。
我國(guó)清障車工業(yè)起步于上世紀(jì)八十年代末，在近二十年里，國(guó)內(nèi)清障車行業(yè)經(jīng)歷了引進(jìn)整車、吸收仿制到自主研發(fā)清障車的過程。隨著我國(guó)城市交通和高速公路的快速發(fā)展，國(guó)內(nèi)清障車的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)、制造工藝也進(jìn)行了突破性發(fā)展，形成了清障車多功能化、智能化、人性化的產(chǎn)品技術(shù)特點(diǎn)；專用機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)用新型材料、產(chǎn)品模塊化設(shè)計(jì)、專用設(shè)備的應(yīng)用的制造工藝技術(shù)特點(diǎn)。
清障車底盤專用化，是國(guó)內(nèi)清障車行業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)的清障車全部是利用二類底盤來(lái)改裝的。二類底盤的軸荷分布是按載貨車來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)的，這與清障車托舉作業(yè)時(shí)的所要求軸荷分布是不同的。往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)清障的托舉機(jī)構(gòu)還有潛力，清障車的總質(zhì)量也小于其最大總質(zhì)量，但其后軸卻已經(jīng)超載了。二類底盤的軸荷分布對(duì)清障車是不適用的。由于清障車是種作業(yè)車，其需隨車攜帶許多作業(yè)附件工具?，F(xiàn)在國(guó)內(nèi)的二類底盤兩大梁外側(cè)已被燃油箱、電瓶、氣罐占住了空間，這樣就很難再布置工具箱來(lái)安放清障車所需的眾多作業(yè)附件。若清障車底盤專用化，就能很好地來(lái)解決這些問題。
? ?清障車重型化也是清障車技術(shù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)。隨著我國(guó)汽車噸位重型化的調(diào)整，國(guó)家西部開發(fā)、南水北調(diào)和西氣東輸?shù)慕ㄔO(shè)，加上奧運(yùn)會(huì)、上海世博會(huì)和廣州亞運(yùn)會(huì)的成功舉辦，道路條件的改善，交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)的發(fā)展，公路運(yùn)輸向高速化、集約化、專用化、集裝箱化發(fā)展，必將引起重型汽車業(yè)（包括專用重型汽車）的崛起。作為保證道路暢通的清障車，無(wú)凝也必須重型化，才能滿足重型車輛的清障需要。現(xiàn)在國(guó)內(nèi)最大噸位的清障車為48噸。
? ?清障車智能化，就是從安全、方便、人性化考慮，在系統(tǒng)中裝配一些智能設(shè)備，如遙控系統(tǒng)，機(jī)構(gòu)安全報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，緊急拯救系統(tǒng)。
? ?作業(yè)安全、快速是道路清障拯救的兩項(xiàng)重要指標(biāo)。而專用作業(yè)輔件是作業(yè)安全快速重要的保證。隨著車輛的種類和款式的不斷增多，道路上造成事故與故障的模式也千變?nèi)f化，因此，只有不斷地開發(fā)安全、實(shí)用、高效的作業(yè)輔件才能滿足各類清障作業(yè)的需要。
目的以及意義：
清障車廣泛用于公路、公安交警、機(jī)場(chǎng)、碼頭、汽車修理行業(yè)以及高速公路公司等部門，可及時(shí)、快速清理事故、故障、違章等車輛。我國(guó)清障車起步于80年代，正逐步與世界接軌。隨著新世紀(jì)城市化的發(fā)展速度，道路交通條件得到了不斷的改善，道路上的車輛事故也有千變?nèi)f化，對(duì)清障車的需求也不斷增長(zhǎng)，清障車的功能也不斷增多，而現(xiàn)在清障車底盤專用化、重型化、智能化、作業(yè)附件實(shí)用性是清障車技術(shù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。新型的清障車將取代老式的清障車，作業(yè)安全、快速是清障車的兩個(gè)重要指標(biāo)，現(xiàn)在的清障車正向個(gè)性化、人性化、工作效率高的形式發(fā)展。本次清障車的設(shè)計(jì)，以提高清障車智能化，在道路清障過程中，確保車輛在工作狀態(tài)中安全、方便快捷。ST5063TQZ就是一款能在經(jīng)濟(jì)性和實(shí)用性上滿足其基本需求的一款專用車。
同時(shí)這個(gè)課題的開展也是對(duì)我大學(xué)四年成績(jī)的檢驗(yàn)，相信通過整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過程會(huì)讓我加深對(duì)專用車的了解以及改裝設(shè)計(jì)方法，更可以通過設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)理論與實(shí)踐的良好結(jié)合，為以后工作學(xué)習(xí)累積經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
二、設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的基本內(nèi)容、擬解決的主要問題
基本內(nèi)容：
?根據(jù)課題要求，本題目以經(jīng)濟(jì)性、實(shí)用性、安全性為設(shè)計(jì)原則，選擇合適的底盤以及專用裝置，進(jìn)行計(jì)算和校核，并以二維軟件CAD為圖形平臺(tái)，繪制出ST5063TQZ清障車的主要機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)：
（1）研究清障車的組成、結(jié)構(gòu)與設(shè)計(jì)；總體布置的任務(wù)是使專用裝置與汽車底盤構(gòu)成相互匹配的整體，以獲得較好的清障車的基本性能和專用性能。
（2）進(jìn)行二類底盤選擇；
（3）進(jìn)行總體結(jié)構(gòu)布置，總體布置的任務(wù)是使專用裝置與汽車底盤構(gòu)成相互匹配的整體，以獲得較好的清障車的基本性能和專用性能；
（4）進(jìn)行托舉機(jī)構(gòu)的詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)，完成部件設(shè)計(jì)選型，進(jìn)行操作和安全保護(hù)裝置設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算選型；
（5）整車性能計(jì)算分析及修正；
（6）完成總裝配圖，清楚表達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)。
解決問題：
（1）副車架的設(shè)計(jì)
（2）液壓系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算以及設(shè)計(jì)
（3）整車性能校核
（4）總體設(shè)計(jì)的CAD繪制
三、技術(shù)路線（研究方法）
進(jìn)行總體結(jié)構(gòu)布置
研究清障車的組成、結(jié)構(gòu)與設(shè)計(jì)
詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算
整車設(shè)計(jì)修正
完成設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容
整體性能分析
繪制設(shè)計(jì)圖
二類底盤的選擇
確定總體設(shè)計(jì)方案
完成開題報(bào)告
收集資料，進(jìn)行可行性分析
四、進(jìn)度安排
（1）調(diào)研、資料收集、完成開題報(bào)告 第1、2周（ 3月1 日～ 3月13 日）
(2) 根據(jù)給出的相關(guān)尺寸參數(shù)進(jìn)行相關(guān)部件的參數(shù)計(jì)算，并進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證 第 3、4、5周（ 3月 14日～ 4月3 日）
(3) 繪制裝配圖并進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證 第6、7、8周（ 4月4 日～ 4月24 日）
（4）繪制零件圖 第9、10、11周（ 4月25 日～5 月13 日）
（5）設(shè)計(jì)1.5萬(wàn)字說(shuō)明書一份，零件圖一套（包括PRO/E零件圖）第12、13、14周（ 5月14 日～ 6月 5日）
（6）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)審核、修改 第15、16周（6 月6 日～6 月19 日）
（7）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯準(zhǔn)備及答辯 第17周（6 月21 日～ 6月27 日）
五、參考文獻(xiàn)
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[7]徐達(dá),陸錦榮.專用汽車工作裝置原理與設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算[M].北京.北京理工大學(xué)出版社,2001.
[8]明平順.汽車運(yùn)輸專用車輛[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2006.
[9]馮晉祥.王慧君，裝用汽車構(gòu)造與維修[M].山東：上山東科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,1997.
[10]殷玉楓.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2006.
[11]QC/T645-2000???清障車.
[12]GB/T17350-1998????專用汽車和專用半掛車術(shù)語(yǔ)和代號(hào).
[13] 周士昌.液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)圖集[M].機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2003.
[14] Orbak A Y, Turkay O S , Eskinat E , et al. Model reduction in the physical domain[J]. J Systems Control Eng Proc Inst Mech Eng :Part I ,2003, (6) :481 - 496.
[15] Alhanati F J S. PCP Axial Load : Theory and Lab Re2 sult s[M],Paper SPE90153 ,2004(2).
六、備注
七、指導(dǎo)教師意見：
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