2020屆高考英語一輪練習(xí) Unit 1 Friendship 新人教版必修1（廣東專版）

必修1·Unit 1一、語法填空專題訓(xùn)練(一)巧用派生詞，做好語法填空(1) 技巧點(diǎn)撥動(dòng)詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代詞等詞后一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，如果所給單詞是其它詞類，就要將其改為名詞，并注意名詞數(shù)的變化。如果所給單詞為動(dòng)詞，就需在原動(dòng)詞后加­ing將其變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞。要將其它詞類變?yōu)槊~，需熟悉構(gòu)成名詞的后綴，對(duì)所給詞做相應(yīng)改變。常用的名詞后綴主要有：動(dòng)詞al/or/er名詞survivesurvival動(dòng)詞ment名詞managemanagement動(dòng)詞ion/tion/sion名詞expressinventexpressioninvention形容詞ness名詞crazycraziness動(dòng)詞/形容詞th名詞grow(v.生長(zhǎng))growth(n.生長(zhǎng))ship結(jié)尾的名詞professor(n.教授)professorship(n.教授資格)y結(jié)尾的名詞honest(adj.誠(chéng)實(shí)的)honesty(n.誠(chéng)實(shí))如：(1)His carelessness (careful) resulted in the terrible accident.(2)He was one of the visitors (visit) who thought highly of Tom，their guide. 活學(xué)活用(一)用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空I hated _1_(wait)for her for hours without _2_(know)when on earth she would come. On her _3_(arrive)，she would always hug me，promising never to be late again. I used to stare at her in _4_ (angry)，telling her frankly that her _5_(arrive)late made me angry and that I wanted to end our _6_(relate)However，she never seemed to be _7_(angrily)She told me that she always thought of me as one of her best _8_(friendly) and if I left her，that would be a severe _9_(punish) to her. Finally we reached an _10_(agree) that we would still be good friends，but she mustn't be late again.(二)(2020;2020年廣東卷改編)閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。說出第2,5,9題的解題思路。A young man，while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water._1_water was sweet. He filled his leather _2_ (contain) so that he could bring some back to an elder _3_ had been his teacher. After a four­ day journey，the young man_4_(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink，smiled_5_(warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home with a happy heart.After the student left，the teacher let _6_student taste the water. He spit it out，_7_(say) it was awful. Apparently，it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher，“Sir，the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _8_？”The teacher replied，“You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of _9_ (kind) and love. Nothing could be _10_ (sweet)”We understand this lesson best that we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace，the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.二、完形填空A.(2020;2020年廣州一模)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從115各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。The ups and downs of life may seem unpredictable. But scientists know there are clear 1 that almost all people share. Even if youve passed your “best”, you still have other 2 years to come. Certain important high-points come later in life.When are you 3 ? From 18 to 25, according to I.Q. scores; but youre wiser and more 4 with increasing age. At around 30, metal abilities begin to decline, 5 your ability to do maths. But your ability to complete other tasks 6 . For example, your vocabulary increases over time. At 60, your brain 7 almost four times as much information as it did at age 21. Because of this, some psychologists suggest that “maturity quotients” (M.Q.) be used to measure intelligence for 8 .When are you happiest? You have the best 9 sense of yourself from 15 to 24, when you feel energetic all the time. The best professional sense is from 40 to 49. Before age 24, we believe that our happiest years are yet to 10 , but when we are over 30, we believe that theyre behind us. After age 30, were more 11 and dont view happiness as a goal in itself. If we maintain our health, achieve professional and emotional goals, then 12 , we feel, will follow.When are you most creative? Generally between 30 and 39, but it 13 with different professions. The high-points in areas such as science and economics come 14 most Nobel prize winners did their top research in their 20s and 30s but for people who keep an active mind, there is no upper age 15 .1Aplans Blives Cpatterns Dpredictions2Agood Bstranger Cinteresting Ddifficult3Abest Bsmartest Cmost mature Dmost skilled4Apowerful Benergetic Cexperienced Dsatisfied5Agenerally Bspecially Cmainly Dparticularly6Aclimbs Bstops Cmatters Dworks7Arecognizes Bposseses Ccommunicates Dreceives8Ababies Bteenagers Cadults Delders9Amental Bemotional Cphysical Dpersonal10Acome Blast Cremember Ddisappear11Aconfident Brealistic Chopeful Dgrateful12Awealth Bsharpness Cwisdom Dhappiness13Aagrees Bvaries C goes Dends14Aearly Bnaturally Cunexpectedly Drecently15Ademand Breason Cchoice DlimitB.(2020;2020年重慶卷改編)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從115各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Introduction to Letters to SamDear Reader，Please allow me to tell you something before you read this book.When my _1_，Sam，was born，my heart was filled with joy.I had been sitting in a wheelchair for 20 years before then，and I have been _2_ ill many times.So I wondered if I would have the_3_ to tell Sam what I had_4_.For years I have been hosting a program on the _5_ and writing articles for a magazine.Being unable to move freely，I have learned to sit still and keep my heart _6_，exchanging thoughts with thousands of listeners and readers.So when Sam was born，I _7_ to tell him about school and friendship，romance and work，love and everything else.That's how I started to write these letters.I hoped that Sam would_8_them sooner or later.However，that expedition _9_ when Sam showed signs of autism(自閉癥)at the age of two.He had actually stopped talking before the discovery of the signs.He _10_ to communicate with others，even the family members.That was _11_ for me but didn't stop me writing on.I realized that I had even more now to tell him.I wanted him to _12_what it means to be “different ”from others，and learn how to fight against the misfortune he'll _13_ as I myself，his grandfather，did.I just _14_ if I could write all that I wanted to say in the rest of my life.Now，as the book has been published，I have been given the chance.Every chapter in the book is a letter to Sam：some about my life，and all about what it means to be a _15_.Daniel Gottliebe1A.son BnephewCbrother Dgrandson2A.seriously BmentallyCslightly Dquietly3A.ability BtimeCcourage Dresponsibility4A.written BsufferedCobserved Dlost5A.radio BtelevisionCstage Dbed6A.warm BbrokenCclosed Dopen7A.began BstoppedCforgot Ddecided8A.find BreadCcollect Dkeep9A.developed BdisappearedCchanged Darrived10A.tried BrefusedCregretted Dhoped11A.exciting BacceptableCstrange Dheartbreaking12A.understand BexplainCbelieve Dquestion13A.fear BfaceCknow Dcause14A.felt BguessedCsaw Ddoubted15A.teacher BchildCman Dwriter三、閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練(一)閱讀中的猜詞技巧(1)特別提醒：我們分6個(gè)單元介紹了閱讀中猜測(cè)詞義的常用方法。但是必須牢記，各種方法都是互相聯(lián)系的，都離不開對(duì)上下文的正確理解，所謂詞不離句、句不離篇講的就是這個(gè)道理。在解題時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該綜合運(yùn)用各種方法，根據(jù)對(duì)語篇的理解，結(jié)合上下文，對(duì)生詞或短語或句子的含義作出準(zhǔn)確的、合乎邏輯的猜測(cè)。根據(jù)文章的綜合信息推測(cè)詞義 技巧點(diǎn)撥根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義是指運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)來分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系，然后結(jié)合上下文，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義或大致意思。在解題時(shí)，我們可以利用上下文的線索、暗示信息或單詞的作用和關(guān)系準(zhǔn)確推測(cè)詞義。如：(1)“My son has been in school for twelve years and he cannot write a sentence，” Tom shouted to the headmaster.“You've made him an illiterate.”(2)One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information.Quite_the_reverse，business，politics，life itself are games which we must normally play with imperfect information.(1) 依據(jù)信息“上學(xué)12年”、還“不會(huì)寫一個(gè)句子”、“大喊大叫”，可知家長(zhǎng)在指責(zé)校方，也就不難猜出illiterate意為“文盲”。(2) 前句說“關(guān)于商業(yè)的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)是商業(yè)可以看做完美的信息游戲”，而后句說“商業(yè)、政治、生活本身是非常不完美的信息游戲”，由此推之quite the reverse的意思是“正好相反”。 活學(xué)活用(一)猜出下列句中劃線單詞的意思1Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to health.They also regard drinking as harmful.2The hot­air balloon took off.It was buoyant in the air as a rose leaf in water.3The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.4The child is as fragile as glass.5He fell into a ditch and lay there，semiconscious，for a few minutes.(二)閱讀下列短文，按要求完成下列讀寫任務(wù)(2020;2020年重慶卷)One morning more than thirty years ago，I entered the Track Kitchen，a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的)to the most powerful came for breakfast.I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly，unshaven man，who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn­out hat and was alone.I asked if I might join him.He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.We cautiously began a conversion and spoke about a wide rang of things.We never introduced ourselves.I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat.So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee，I asked，“May I get you something ？”“A coffee would be nice.”Then I bought him a cup of coffee，we talked more，and he accepted another cup of coffee.Finally，I rose to leave，wished him well，and headed for the exit.At the door I met one of my friends.He asked，“How did you get to know Mr.Galbreath？”“Who？”“The man you were sitting with.He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.”I could hardly believe it.I was buying，offering a free breakfast，and feeling pity for one of the world's richest and most powerful men!My few minutes with Mr.Galbreath changed my life.Now I try to treat everyone with respect，no matter who I think they are，and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity.以約30詞概括文章大意_.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案1What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?AUnfriendly.BUntidy.CGentle. DKind.2The author bought coffee for the old man because_.Ahe thought the old man was poorBhe wanted to start a conversationChe intended to show his politenessDhe would like to thank the old man3How did the author probably feel after he talked with his friend?AProud. BPitiful.CSurprised. DRegretful4What is the message mainly expressed in the story?AWe should learn to be generous.BIt is honorable to help those in need.CPeople in high positions are not like what we expect.DWe should avoid judging people by their appearances.參考答案一、(一)1waiting 2.knowing 3.arrival4Anger 5.arriving 6.relation7angry 8.friends 9.punishment10.agreement(二)1解析：由上文a spring of clear water，第一次提到water，下文water緊接著第二次特指。答案：The2解析：contain是動(dòng)詞，這里需要名詞形式，v.ern.。答案：container3解析：who 引導(dǎo)定語從句限制elder且做從句的主語。答案：who4解析：本句缺少謂語，本文敘述故事，所以用過去時(shí)。答案：presented5解析：用副詞形式修飾動(dòng)詞smile。答案：warmly6解析：老師叫 “另一個(gè)學(xué)生”嘗嘗水的味道。答案：another7解析：現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。答案：saying8解析：it指代前面的名詞 “water”。這個(gè)學(xué)生認(rèn)為老師假裝喜歡那些 “水”。答案：it9解析：介詞后面接名詞， adj.nessn.答案：kindness10解析：沒有比這更甜美的了。否定詞與比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)的意思。答案：sweeter二、A.答案15:CABCD 610: ABCCA 1115:BDBADB答案1解析：下文講到作者是Sam的grandfather，由此可知此處答案為grandson。答案：D2解析：“我” 整天坐在輪椅里，擔(dān)心沒有時(shí)間給孫子講述我看到的一切，說明“我”病得挺嚴(yán)重的。答案：A3解析：我擔(dān)心沒有時(shí)間給孫子講述我經(jīng)歷的一切。答案：B4解析：“What I had observed”表示“我的見聞?！贝鸢福篊5解析：下文有l(wèi)isteners and readers，listeners與radio對(duì)應(yīng)，readers與magazine對(duì)應(yīng)。答案：A6解析：這里指我敞開心扉，與讀者及觀眾交流思想。答案：D7解析：我決定跟他講教育、友誼、浪漫、工作和愛情。答案：D8解析：我希望我的孫子總有一天會(huì)“讀”這些信。答案：B9解析：當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)Sam患有自閉癥時(shí)，所有這些都發(fā)生了“改變”。答案：C10解析：他“拒絕”與人交流。答案：B11解析：那是“令人心碎”的。答案：D12解析：我想讓他“懂得”與眾不同意味著什么。答案：A13解析：他要像我這樣“面對(duì)”不幸。答案：B14解析：我“懷疑”能否在有生之年把我想要說的都寫出來。答案：D15解析：做一個(gè)“男人”意味著什么。答案：C三、(一)1解析：從also推知harmful與detrimental同義，意思是“不利的，有害的”。答案：有害的，不利的2解析：從as a rose leaf in water(水中的玫瑰花瓣)可知buoyant是形容詞，意為“漂浮的”。答案：漂浮的3解析：從wars and great scientific discoveries可知epochal的意思是 “重要的”。答案：重要的4解析：常識(shí)告訴我們“玻璃易碎”，此處用以描繪人，意思是“脆弱的”。答案：脆弱的5解析：他掉進(jìn)溝里，躺在那幾分鐘，劃線單詞的意思是“半清醒的、半昏迷的”。答案：半昏迷的(二)Feeling pity for a “poor” stranger，the author offered a free breakfast to a rich and powerful man in the Track Kitchen.This experience tells him to treat everyone with respect.(31 words)1解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。從上文的unshaven(沒有修面的)可知disheveled應(yīng)與unshaven的意思接近。綜合全文內(nèi)容可知，這位先生不修邊幅，穿著破爛，以致讓作者犯了以貌取人的錯(cuò)誤。 所以答案為B。答案：B2解析：第二段的I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat說明答案為A。答案：A3解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“I could hardly believe it.”可知作者感到很驚訝。答案：C4解析：本文給人們的啟示是：不要以貌取人。答案：D