2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)高分巧突破 第1部分 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析1(2020·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)The watch was very good, and he _ 20 percent down for it.Apaid BcostCbought Dspent解析：選A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：那塊表很不錯(cuò)，他以20%的折扣價(jià)買下了它。A項(xiàng)表示“支付”，后跟具體的錢數(shù)，與for搭配，故選A。B項(xiàng)的主語(yǔ)一般是物；C項(xiàng)后面一般用“商品”作賓語(yǔ)，可排除；D項(xiàng)與后面的介詞不搭配，其后應(yīng)用介詞on。2(2020·福建高考)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _ spending quite a lot of time with students.Aenjoys BinvolvesCpractices Dsuggests解析：選B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：米歇爾找到了一份高中教師的工作，(這份工作)需要和學(xué)生待在一起的時(shí)間比較長(zhǎng)。involve“包含，需要”，符合句意。enjoy“喜歡”；practice“練習(xí)”；suggest“建議”。3(2020·湖北高考)According to the law, all foreigners have to _ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.Aassociate BdisputeCnegotiate Dregister解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：按照該法律，所有的外國(guó)人在到來(lái)的兩周內(nèi)必須在當(dāng)?shù)鼐降怯?。這里說(shuō)的是在警方登記，故用register，表示“登記，注冊(cè)”。associate“使聯(lián)合，聯(lián)想”；dispute“爭(zhēng)論”；negotiate“協(xié)商，談判”。4(2020·江蘇高考)The town is so beautiful! I just love it.Me too.The character of the town is well _.Aqualified BpreservedCdecorated Dsimplified解析：選B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)題意可知，這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的特色保留得很好，因此選preserved表示“保存，保護(hù)”。qualify“使合格，使具備資格”；decorate“裝飾”；simplify“使簡(jiǎn)化”。動(dòng)詞詞義辨析一直都是高考考查的重點(diǎn)，這類題絕大多數(shù)情況下所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義各不相同，沒有關(guān)聯(lián)性，此時(shí)考查的是對(duì)題干和語(yǔ)境的理解。偶爾也考查近義詞的辨析。近三年考查到的還有：sacrifice (犧牲); substitute (代替); simplify (簡(jiǎn)化); surviveconclude; lead; avoid (避免); holdpersuade(說(shuō)服); promise; invite; supportopen; narrow; widen; leavemake; turn; take; havediffer; shrink (收縮); fail; decline (下降)sponsor (贊助); launch (發(fā)射); organize; plantell; remind (提醒); warn; advise動(dòng)詞的一詞多義和熟詞新義(2020·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs.Acheck BallowCstop Dhelp解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：盡量不要過(guò)多咳嗽，因?yàn)榭人赃^(guò)多可能引發(fā)你的肺部問(wèn)題。not more than one can help意為“能少盡量少”，符合句意。動(dòng)詞的一詞多義或熟詞新義是考查的難點(diǎn)，例如上文提到的help，大家都熟悉的意思為“幫助”，但高考考查的是“忍住”。動(dòng)詞的熟詞新義請(qǐng)參見本書附錄。1(2020·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)At the last moment, Tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely.Aput up Bput inCput on Dput off解析：選B考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在最后的時(shí)刻，湯姆決定添加一個(gè)新人物，以使故事顯得更真實(shí)。put up“建造”；put in“添上”；put on“穿上”；put off“推遲”。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。2(2020·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)Would you like to _ with us to the film tonight?Acome along Bcome offCcome across Dcome through解析：選A考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)句意“你今晚愿意和我們一起去看電影嗎？”可知，此處意為“跟隨”。come along“跟著來(lái)，跟隨”，符合句意。come off“舉行，發(fā)生，成功”；come across“偶然遇見”；come through“(重病后)康復(fù)”。3(2020·湖北高考)In much of the animal world, night is the time _ for sleep pure and simple.Aset aside Bset downCset off Dset up解析：選A考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在很多動(dòng)物世界里，夜晚完全是用來(lái)睡覺的時(shí)間。pure and simple“完全是，不折不扣是”。set aside“留出，撥出(時(shí)間等)”，符合句意。set down“寫下”；set off“出發(fā)，引起”；set up“建立”。4(2020·江蘇高考)Team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.Aget over Blook overCtake over Dcome over解析：選A考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)必須確保所有的成員克服他們自然想要避免因犯錯(cuò)而帶來(lái)的尷尬。get over“克服”，符合句意。look over“檢查”；take over“接管”；come over“順便來(lái)訪”。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析是動(dòng)詞考查的重中之重，甚至有些形式上單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的辨析也是考查所構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)的辨析?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析可分為三種：一是以動(dòng)詞為主體詞的辨析；二是以副詞或介詞為主體詞的辨析；三是無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。下面就常見的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)做如下總結(jié)：一、以動(dòng)詞為主體詞的短語(yǔ)1breakbreak away from 脫離break down 壞掉；分解；垮下來(lái)break out 爆發(fā)break in 打斷；闖入break into 闖入break through 突破break up 打碎；分解；分手Old­fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.(2020·福建高考)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)在災(zāi)難中癱瘓的時(shí)候，老式電話起到重要作用。2bringbring about 引起，導(dǎo)致bring down 使降低，使下降bring in 引進(jìn)；賺進(jìn)bring up 撫養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育；嘔吐bring out 取出；出版；生產(chǎn)；闡明Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.(2020·福建高考)因?yàn)榇笮l(wèi)出生于有三兄弟的家庭，因此養(yǎng)成了分享意識(shí)。3comecome along 跟隨come out 出現(xiàn)；出版；結(jié)果是come about 發(fā)生come across 偶遇come to 共計(jì)come up 出現(xiàn)；被提出come up with 提出She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.(2020·天津高考)昨天她在百貨商店購(gòu)物時(shí)遇到了一位老朋友。4cutcut in 插嘴cut off 切斷cut up 切碎cut down 砍倒，削減My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down.(2020·陜西高考)我叔叔一直沒能戒煙，但至少減少了吸煙的量。5getget away 外出度假get in 收割get into 進(jìn)入；養(yǎng)成get through 完成；通過(guò)；解決；接通電話get over 克服get across 被理解；使通過(guò)get off 下車/船/馬/飛機(jī)等get down to 著手做get up 起床；起身Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man got up and left.(2020·四川高考)珍妮正在找座位，幸運(yùn)的是，這時(shí)一個(gè)人起身離開了。6gogo against 違背go over 預(yù)習(xí)；復(fù)習(xí)go out 外出；熄滅go without 沒有也行；沒有也可以勉強(qiáng)對(duì)付To get a better grade, you should go over the notes again before the test.(2020·四川高考)要想取得更好的成績(jī)，你應(yīng)該在考試前再?gòu)?fù)習(xí)一下筆記。7. looklook through 瀏覽；透過(guò)看look into 調(diào)查look up 向上看；查找look up to 尊敬；敬仰look round/around 環(huán)顧I often look up the words I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet.(2020·四川高考)我經(jīng)常在詞典或網(wǎng)上查閱不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞。8. makemake out 辨認(rèn)出make up 組成；編造make up with 彌補(bǔ)make the best of 充分利用The school isn't the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I'll just have to make the best of it.(2020·浙江高考)這所學(xué)校并不是我真正想去的學(xué)校，但既然來(lái)了，我還是想充分利用它。9. putput in 放進(jìn)，寫進(jìn)put away 收起，儲(chǔ)存put out 撲滅；出版；生產(chǎn)put down 寫下，鎮(zhèn)壓put off 推遲put on 穿上；上演put up 張貼；舉起；建造put forward 提出Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put down almost every word her teacher says.(2020·全國(guó)卷)瑪麗確實(shí)很擅長(zhǎng)課堂上做筆記，她幾乎能把老師講的每一個(gè)單詞都記下來(lái)。10setset aside 撥出；置于一旁set up 建立；豎立set out 著手(做)；出發(fā)set about 著手(做)set off 出發(fā)，引爆Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.(2020·安徽高考)傳統(tǒng)上，大學(xué)生在開始他們的人生旅途之前會(huì)舉行畢業(yè)典禮來(lái)鼓勵(lì)自己。11taketake up 開始從事；占據(jù)；拿起take apart 拆卸take in 欺騙，吸收take off 起飛；騰飛；脫掉take on 呈現(xiàn)；雇用take over 接管Rod loves taking apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.(2020·遼寧高考)羅德喜歡拆卸鐘表，可是他從未能再組裝上過(guò)。12turnturn out 結(jié)果證明turn to 求助于；轉(zhuǎn)向turn in 上交turn down 拒絕，把音量開小turn on 打開turn off 關(guān)掉turn up 出現(xiàn)；把音量開高turn over 翻開You look upset. What's the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.(2020·江蘇高考)你看上去不高興，怎么了？我的建議又被拒絕了。二、以副詞或介詞為主體詞的短語(yǔ)13outwear out 穿爛；用壞work out 解出；進(jìn)展順利let out 放出；發(fā)出；泄露leave out 遺漏figure out 弄清burst out 爆發(fā)rule out 排除point out 指出carry out 貫徹You can't predict everything. Often things don't work out as you expect.(2020·江西高考)你不可能預(yù)知一切，往往事情并不如你所愿。14upbuild up 增強(qiáng)keep up 保持；鼓起speed up 加速pick up 拾起；收聽/看；用車接送/裝運(yùn)；無(wú)意學(xué)會(huì)send up 發(fā)射use up 用完hang up 掛斷end up 結(jié)束split up 分裂；分手stay up 熬夜Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to keep up his courage.(2020·湖北高考)這個(gè)男孩獨(dú)自在黑暗中走著，吹著口哨為自己鼓氣。It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly he hasn't lived there very long.(2020·四川高考)你弟弟學(xué)會(huì)俄語(yǔ)那么快真令人驚訝他并沒在那里住多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。15offpay off 還清；回報(bào)show off 炫耀give off 放出The athlete's years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.(2020·安徽高考)當(dāng)這名運(yùn)動(dòng)員最后獲得奧運(yùn)金牌時(shí)，她多年的刻苦訓(xùn)練得到了回報(bào)。三、無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)see to 處理；解決fight for 為而戰(zhàn)agree with 同意；適合do without 沒有也勉強(qiáng)對(duì)付fit in 適合live up to 達(dá)到；不辜負(fù)run away from 逃走；避開I'm so glad you've come here to see to this matter in person.(2020·湖北高考)我很高興你親自來(lái)這里處理此事。You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose.(2020·陜西高考)你氣色很好，我想三亞的空氣和海鮮肯定適合你。1(2020·濟(jì)南市一模)I will have to think about it again.If you _， you may lose the opportunity to compete altogether.Ahesitate BwonderCcontinue Dfail解析：選A句意：“我必須再次好好考慮一下。”“如果你猶豫不決，你可能會(huì)失去這個(gè)比賽的好機(jī)會(huì)?！県esitate“猶豫；遲疑”；wonder“想知道”；continue“繼續(xù)”；fail“失敗”。2(2020·杭州外國(guó)語(yǔ)高中模擬)It has been reported that some government leaders _ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.Aoverlook BemployCabandon Dabuse解析：選D句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，一些政府官員濫用職權(quán)非法為自己謀取利益。overlook“俯瞰”；employ“雇用”；abandon“遺棄；拋棄”；abuse“濫用；辱罵”。3(2020·山東日照高三檢測(cè))Look before you leap! Why not _ the advantages against the risks before you start?Aweigh BmatchCdefend Dfight解析：選A考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：三思而后行，為何不在開始以前權(quán)衡一下利弊呢？weigh此處意為“權(quán)衡，認(rèn)真考慮”之意。4(2020·山東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三二模)What's the matter with John? He has been sitting there for hours.A postcard from his father _ an attack of home­sickness in him.Atook up Bset offCbrought in Dbuilt up解析：選B句意：“約翰怎么了？他一直在那兒坐了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)了?！薄案赣H寄來(lái)的明信片使他想家?！眛ake up“拿起；占據(jù)；從事”；set off“出發(fā)；引起；使爆炸”；bring in“帶來(lái)；引進(jìn)”；build up“逐漸建立”。5(2020·無(wú)錫市高三二模)All her hard work _ in the end, and she finally passed the exam.Apaid back Bpaid offCbrought out Dbrought off解析：選B句意：所有的努力最終得到了回報(bào)，她通過(guò)了考試。pay back“歸還”；pay off“還清；有回報(bào)”；bring out“拿出”；bring off“取消”。6(2020·濰坊市高三二模)Robert has rich work experience, so it will _ for his lack of academic knowledge.Apick up Btake upCbring up Dmake up解析：選D句意：羅伯特有豐富的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因此會(huì)彌補(bǔ)他學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)的缺乏。pick up“撿起；接受；偶然學(xué)會(huì)；情況好轉(zhuǎn)”；take up“拿起；從事；占據(jù)”；bring up“撫養(yǎng)；提出；嘔吐”；make up for“彌補(bǔ)”。7(2020·石家莊高三二模)Jack, this is the third time that you have been late this week.Sorry, sir, but I was _ for 15 minutes on the way here in the traffic jam.Agiven up Bput upCtaken up Dheld up解析：選D句意：“杰克，這是你本周第三次遲到了?！薄昂鼙?，先生，但我在來(lái)這里的路上遇到了長(zhǎng)達(dá)15分鐘的堵車?！眀e held up“受阻”，符合題意。give up“放棄”；put up“舉起；張貼；留宿”；take up“拿起；從事；占據(jù)”。8(2020·山東濰坊高三模擬)The sale of the company's new product is good. It has _ two million dollars so far.Acarried on Bkept upCbrought in Dconsisted of解析：選C考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。carry on表示“經(jīng)營(yíng)，進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)開展”；keep up表示“保持，維持，繼續(xù)，堅(jiān)持”；bring in表示“帶來(lái)，引進(jìn)，掙，賺入”；consist of表示“由組成，由構(gòu)成”。根據(jù)題干語(yǔ)境可知，brought in為最佳答案。