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1、動詞和動詞短語動詞詞義辨析1(2020新課標全國卷)The watch was very good, and he _ 20 percent down for it.Apaid BcostCbought Dspent解析：選A考查動詞辨析。句意：那塊表很不錯，他以20%的折扣價買下了它。A項表示“支付”，后跟具體的錢數(shù)，與for搭配，故選A。B項的主語一般是物；C項后面一般用“商品”作賓語，可排除；D項與后面的介詞不搭配，其后應(yīng)用介詞on。2(2020福建高考)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _ spending quit
2、e a lot of time with students.Aenjoys BinvolvesCpractices Dsuggests解析：選B考查動詞辨析。句意：米歇爾找到了一份高中教師的工作，(這份工作)需要和學生待在一起的時間比較長。involve“包含，需要”，符合句意。enjoy“喜歡”；practice“練習”；suggest“建議”。3(2020湖北高考)According to the law, all foreigners have to _ with the local police within two weeks of arrival.Aassociate Bdispu
3、teCnegotiate Dregister解析：選D考查動詞辨析。句意：按照該法律，所有的外國人在到來的兩周內(nèi)必須在當?shù)鼐降怯?。這里說的是在警方登記，故用register，表示“登記，注冊”。associate“使聯(lián)合，聯(lián)想”；dispute“爭論”；negotiate“協(xié)商，談判”。4(2020江蘇高考)The town is so beautiful! I just love it.Me too.The character of the town is well _.Aqualified BpreservedCdecorated Dsimplified解析：選B考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)題意可
4、知，這個城鎮(zhèn)的特色保留得很好，因此選preserved表示“保存，保護”。qualify“使合格，使具備資格”；decorate“裝飾”；simplify“使簡化”。動詞詞義辨析一直都是高考考查的重點，這類題絕大多數(shù)情況下所給的四個選項的含義各不相同，沒有關(guān)聯(lián)性，此時考查的是對題干和語境的理解。偶爾也考查近義詞的辨析。近三年考查到的還有：sacrifice (犧牲); substitute (代替); simplify (簡化); surviveconclude; lead; avoid (避免); holdpersuade(說服); promise; invite; supportopen;
5、 narrow; widen; leavemake; turn; take; havediffer; shrink (收縮); fail; decline (下降)sponsor (贊助); launch (發(fā)射); organize; plantell; remind (提醒); warn; advise動詞的一詞多義和熟詞新義(2020新課標全國卷)Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs.Acheck BallowCstop Dhelp解析：選D考查動詞辨析。句意：盡量不要
6、過多咳嗽，因為咳嗽過多可能引發(fā)你的肺部問題。not more than one can help意為“能少盡量少”，符合句意。動詞的一詞多義或熟詞新義是考查的難點，例如上文提到的help，大家都熟悉的意思為“幫助”，但高考考查的是“忍住”。動詞的熟詞新義請參見本書附錄。1(2020新課標全國卷)At the last moment, Tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely.Aput up Bput inCput on Dput off解析：選B考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在最后的時刻，湯姆決定添加一個新
7、人物，以使故事顯得更真實。put up“建造”；put in“添上”；put on“穿上”；put off“推遲”。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)選B項。2(2020新課標全國卷)Would you like to _ with us to the film tonight?Acome along Bcome offCcome across Dcome through解析：選A考查動詞短語辨析。根據(jù)句意“你今晚愿意和我們一起去看電影嗎？”可知，此處意為“跟隨”。come along“跟著來，跟隨”，符合句意。come off“舉行，發(fā)生，成功”；come across“偶然遇見”；come through“
8、(重病后)康復”。3(2020湖北高考)In much of the animal world, night is the time _ for sleep pure and simple.Aset aside Bset downCset off Dset up解析：選A考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在很多動物世界里，夜晚完全是用來睡覺的時間。pure and simple“完全是，不折不扣是”。set aside“留出，撥出(時間等)”，符合句意。set down“寫下”；set off“出發(fā)，引起”；set up“建立”。4(2020江蘇高考)Team leaders must ensure t
9、hat all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.Aget over Blook overCtake over Dcome over解析：選A考查動詞短語辨析。句意：團隊領(lǐng)導必須確保所有的成員克服他們自然想要避免因犯錯而帶來的尷尬。get over“克服”，符合句意。look over“檢查”；take over“接管”；come over“順便來訪”。動詞短語的辨析是動詞考查的重中之重，甚至有些形式上單個動詞的辨析也是考查所構(gòu)成短語的辨析。總的來說
10、，動詞短語的辨析可分為三種：一是以動詞為主體詞的辨析；二是以副詞或介詞為主體詞的辨析；三是無關(guān)聯(lián)的動詞短語的辨析。下面就常見的動詞短語做如下總結(jié)：一、以動詞為主體詞的短語1breakbreak away from 脫離break down 壞掉；分解；垮下來break out 爆發(fā)break in 打斷；闖入break into 闖入break through 突破break up 打碎；分解；分手Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.(2020福建高考)無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)在災(zāi)難中癱瘓的時候，老
11、式電話起到重要作用。2bringbring about 引起，導致bring down 使降低，使下降bring in 引進；賺進bring up 撫養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育；嘔吐bring out 取出；出版；生產(chǎn)；闡明Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.(2020福建高考)因為大衛(wèi)出生于有三兄弟的家庭，因此養(yǎng)成了分享意識。3comecome along 跟隨come out 出現(xiàn)；出版；結(jié)果是come about 發(fā)生come across 偶遇come to
12、共計come up 出現(xiàn)；被提出come up with 提出She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.(2020天津高考)昨天她在百貨商店購物時遇到了一位老朋友。4cutcut in 插嘴cut off 切斷cut up 切碎cut down 砍倒，削減My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down.(2020陜西高考)我叔叔一直沒能戒煙，但至少減少了吸
13、煙的量。5getget away 外出度假get in 收割get into 進入；養(yǎng)成get through 完成；通過；解決；接通電話get over 克服get across 被理解；使通過get off 下車/船/馬/飛機等get down to 著手做get up 起床；起身Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man got up and left.(2020四川高考)珍妮正在找座位，幸運的是，這時一個人起身離開了。6gogo against 違背go over 預(yù)習；復習go out 外出；熄滅go without 沒有也行；
14、沒有也可以勉強對付To get a better grade, you should go over the notes again before the test.(2020四川高考)要想取得更好的成績，你應(yīng)該在考試前再復習一下筆記。7. looklook through 瀏覽；透過看look into 調(diào)查look up 向上看；查找look up to 尊敬；敬仰look round/around 環(huán)顧I often look up the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.(2020四川高考)我經(jīng)常在詞典或網(wǎng)上
15、查閱不認識的單詞。8. makemake out 辨認出make up 組成；編造make up with 彌補make the best of 充分利用The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose Ill just have to make the best of it.(2020浙江高考)這所學校并不是我真正想去的學校，但既然來了，我還是想充分利用它。9. putput in 放進，寫進put away 收起，儲存put out 撲滅；出版；生產(chǎn)put down 寫下，鎮(zhèn)壓put off 推遲put on 穿
16、上；上演put up 張貼；舉起；建造put forward 提出Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put down almost every word her teacher says.(2020全國卷)瑪麗確實很擅長課堂上做筆記，她幾乎能把老師講的每一個單詞都記下來。10setset aside 撥出；置于一旁set up 建立；豎立set out 著手(做)；出發(fā)set about 著手(做)set off 出發(fā)，引爆Traditionally, college students hold a graduation
17、 ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.(2020安徽高考)傳統(tǒng)上，大學生在開始他們的人生旅途之前會舉行畢業(yè)典禮來鼓勵自己。11taketake up 開始從事；占據(jù)；拿起take apart 拆卸take in 欺騙，吸收take off 起飛；騰飛；脫掉take on 呈現(xiàn)；雇用take over 接管Rod loves taking apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.(2020遼
18、寧高考)羅德喜歡拆卸鐘表，可是他從未能再組裝上過。12turnturn out 結(jié)果證明turn to 求助于；轉(zhuǎn)向turn in 上交turn down 拒絕，把音量開小turn on 打開turn off 關(guān)掉turn up 出現(xiàn)；把音量開高turn over 翻開You look upset. Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.(2020江蘇高考)你看上去不高興，怎么了？我的建議又被拒絕了。二、以副詞或介詞為主體詞的短語13outwear out 穿爛；用壞work out 解出；進展順利let out 放出；發(fā)出；
19、泄露leave out 遺漏figure out 弄清burst out 爆發(fā)rule out 排除point out 指出carry out 貫徹You cant predict everything. Often things dont work out as you expect.(2020江西高考)你不可能預(yù)知一切，往往事情并不如你所愿。14upbuild up 增強keep up 保持；鼓起speed up 加速pick up 拾起；收聽/看；用車接送/裝運；無意學會send up 發(fā)射use up 用完hang up 掛斷end up 結(jié)束split up 分裂；分手stay up
20、 熬夜Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to keep up his courage.(2020湖北高考)這個男孩獨自在黑暗中走著，吹著口哨為自己鼓氣。Its surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly he hasnt lived there very long.(2020四川高考)你弟弟學會俄語那么快真令人驚訝他并沒在那里住多長時間。15offpay off 還清；回報show off 炫耀give off 放出The athletes years of hard
21、training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.(2020安徽高考)當這名運動員最后獲得奧運金牌時，她多年的刻苦訓練得到了回報。三、無關(guān)聯(lián)的動詞短語see to 處理；解決fight for 為而戰(zhàn)agree with 同意；適合do without 沒有也勉強對付fit in 適合live up to 達到；不辜負run away from 逃走；避開Im so glad youve come here to see to this matter in person.(2020湖北高考)我很高興你親自來這里處理此事。
22、You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose.(2020陜西高考)你氣色很好，我想三亞的空氣和海鮮肯定適合你。1(2020濟南市一模)I will have to think about it again.If you _， you may lose the opportunity to compete altogether.Ahesitate BwonderCcontinue Dfail解析：選A句意：“我必須再次好好考慮一下?！薄叭绻悛q豫不決，你可能會失去這個比賽的好機會。
23、”hesitate“猶豫；遲疑”；wonder“想知道”；continue“繼續(xù)”；fail“失敗”。2(2020杭州外國語高中模擬)It has been reported that some government leaders _ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.Aoverlook BemployCabandon Dabuse解析：選D句意：據(jù)報道，一些政府官員濫用職權(quán)非法為自己謀取利益。overlook“俯瞰”；employ“雇用”；abandon“遺棄；拋棄”；abuse“濫用；辱罵
24、”。3(2020山東日照高三檢測)Look before you leap! Why not _ the advantages against the risks before you start?Aweigh BmatchCdefend Dfight解析：選A考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：三思而后行，為何不在開始以前權(quán)衡一下利弊呢？weigh此處意為“權(quán)衡，認真考慮”之意。4(2020山東實驗中學高三二模)Whats the matter with John? He has been sitting there for hours.A postcard from his father _ an a
25、ttack of homesickness in him.Atook up Bset offCbrought in Dbuilt up解析：選B句意：“約翰怎么了？他一直在那兒坐了好幾個小時了?！薄案赣H寄來的明信片使他想家?！眛ake up“拿起；占據(jù)；從事”；set off“出發(fā)；引起；使爆炸”；bring in“帶來；引進”；build up“逐漸建立”。5(2020無錫市高三二模)All her hard work _ in the end, and she finally passed the exam.Apaid back Bpaid offCbrought out Dbrought
26、 off解析：選B句意：所有的努力最終得到了回報，她通過了考試。pay back“歸還”；pay off“還清；有回報”；bring out“拿出”；bring off“取消”。6(2020濰坊市高三二模)Robert has rich work experience, so it will _ for his lack of academic knowledge.Apick up Btake upCbring up Dmake up解析：選D句意：羅伯特有豐富的工作經(jīng)驗，因此會彌補他學術(shù)知識的缺乏。pick up“撿起；接受；偶然學會；情況好轉(zhuǎn)”；take up“拿起；從事；占據(jù)”；brin
27、g up“撫養(yǎng)；提出；嘔吐”；make up for“彌補”。7(2020石家莊高三二模)Jack, this is the third time that you have been late this week.Sorry, sir, but I was _ for 15 minutes on the way here in the traffic jam.Agiven up Bput upCtaken up Dheld up解析：選D句意：“杰克，這是你本周第三次遲到了?！薄昂鼙?，先生，但我在來這里的路上遇到了長達15分鐘的堵車?！眀e held up“受阻”，符合題意。give up
28、“放棄”；put up“舉起；張貼；留宿”；take up“拿起；從事；占據(jù)”。8(2020山東濰坊高三模擬)The sale of the companys new product is good. It has _ two million dollars so far.Acarried on Bkept upCbrought in Dconsisted of解析：選C考查動詞短語辨析。carry on表示“經(jīng)營，進行，繼續(xù)開展”；keep up表示“保持，維持，繼續(xù)，堅持”；bring in表示“帶來，引進，掙，賺入”；consist of表示“由組成，由構(gòu)成”。根據(jù)題干語境可知，brought in為最佳答案。
2020年高考英語 語法復習高分巧突破 第1部分 動詞和動詞短語
