2020高考英語 最后30天語法精講 句子結(jié)構(gòu)

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1、2020;2020高考英語 最后30天語法精講 句子結(jié)構(gòu) 一、特殊疑問句（常用疑問詞） ★WHAT ● what…like ? ①人或事物的外觀特征；②天氣 What’s your brother like ? (長相或人品) What’s t the weather like today ? How do you like the film ? What do you like ? ● what time / date / year … --What’s the date today ? -- (It’s) October 15.

2、--What date will he arrive ? -- (He’ll arrive) on October 15. ● what…for ? = why --What’s it for ? --(it’s for) cutting grass. --What did you do that for ? -- Because I wanted to save time. ( To save time.) ●what kind(s) / sort(s) of…? What kind of picture(s) do you like best ? ●what siz

3、e --What size shoes do you take ? -- (Size) 41. ●what height / length / depth / age →how high / long / deep / old What’s the height of that mountain ? What height is that mountain ? How high is that mountain ? ★ WHICH ●which day /month / year…? （比when更具體） -- Don’t forget

4、his birthday ? -- I won’t. Which /What day is it ? ●which / what /who 比較 which 更具體，或用which one Which book are you going to buy ?(哪本書） What book are you going to buy ?（哪種書） Who do you like best ? Which one do you like best, Tom or Jack ? ★WHY ●Why not (don’t you) buy a new coat ? ●--Let

5、 s set out tonight. --Yes, why not. ★ HOW ● How is your mother ? How is your mother getting along ? ● How is the weather there ? What’s the weather like today ? ● How do you find the film ? How do you like the film? How / What about the film ? What do you think of the

6、 film? ● --How often do you go to the zoo ? --Once every two months. ●--How soon will you be ready to start ? -- In two days . ●How far is it from here to the airport ? ◇ 綜合問題 ①簡答中介詞跟在疑問詞之后 -- I want to leave this parcel. --Who for ? ( leave sth for sb) ②else跟在疑問詞后 （which 和

7、whose 除外） Where else did you go ? ③用do 作簡略回答 --Who wants a lift ? (搭便車） -- I do. --How many students understood this ? --They all did. ④用ever, on earth 或 in the world 放在疑問詞后強(qiáng)調(diào) Where on earth / in the world / ever did you pick that up ? 二、反意疑問句 1、陳述句主語是-one, -bod

8、y 時，疑問部分主語用they Nobody says a word, do they ? 2、陳述句主語是-thing, this, that 時，疑問部分主語用it Everything seems all right, doesn’t it ? 3、陳述句主語是從句、動詞不定式、動名詞時，疑問部分用it Swimming is great fun, isn’t it ? 4、感嘆句的反意疑問句 （感嘆句的附加疑問句，其謂語要求用否定句。） What fine weather, isn’t it? 5、祈使句的反意疑問句 Do that, will you ? (w

9、on’t you ) 6、Let’s… , Let us… Let’s go, shall we ? Let us go, will you ? 7、I’m I’m interested in English, aren’t I ? 8、I wish… I wish I were you, may I ? 9、含had better, would rather, would like to do You’d better come early, hadn’t you ? You’d rather work than play, wouldn’t you ? 10

10、、陳述句部分含下列否定詞時，疑問部分用肯定 few, little, hardly, never, no one, no There is little ink in your pen, is there ? 11、加前后綴構(gòu)成的否定，疑問部分仍然用否定 It’s unfair, isn’t it ? 12、陳述部分有must ①must be 對現(xiàn)在情況進(jìn)行推測 He must be very tired, isn’t he ? ②must have done (對過去推測） 有過去時間狀語 He must have come yesterday, didn’t he ?

11、 ③must have done (由過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） He must have lived here at least 10 years , hasn’t he ? ④must + v. 一定要， 必須 You must renew the book, needn’t you ? 13、當(dāng)陳述部分是一個（帶that引導(dǎo)賓語從句的）主從復(fù)合句時，附加疑問句的主謂要和主句的主謂保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系。但是， 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等結(jié)構(gòu)時，附加疑問句的主語和謂語要和從句的主語，謂語保持一致關(guān)系。而

12、且要注意到否定的轉(zhuǎn)移問題。 14、當(dāng)陳述部分是I’m sure that,；we are sure；I’m afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟賓語從句時，反意疑問句與后面的賓語從句一致。 15、當(dāng)陳述部分是并列句時，附加疑問句的主謂語要合離它最近的句子的主謂保持對應(yīng)關(guān)系。 16、在口語和非正式文體中，為了加強(qiáng)語氣，只是表示某種驚奇、懷疑、反感、諷刺等感情而并不是為了尋求回答，這時前后兩部分的肯定、否定是一致的。 如： Oh, he is a writer, is he? You’ll not go

13、, won’t you? 反意疑問句快速記憶表 陳述部分的謂語 疑問部分 I’m aren't I Wish may +主語 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含義的詞 肯定含義 ought to（肯定的） shouldn't/ oughtn't +主語 have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主語(didn't +主語) used to didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語 had better + v. hadn't

14、you would rather + v. wouldn't +主語 you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主語 感嘆句中 be +主語 Neither…nor,either…or 連接的并列主語 根據(jù)其實際邏輯意義而定 指示代詞或不定代詞Everything/that/nothing/this 主語用it 并列復(fù)合句 謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定 定語從句,賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句 根據(jù)主句的謂語而定 think, believe, expect,suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo) 與賓語從句相對應(yīng)的從句 everybody, anyone

15、, somebody, nobody, no one 復(fù)數(shù)they, 單數(shù)he 情態(tài)動詞dare或need need (dare ) +主語 dare, need 為實義動詞 do +主語 省去主語的祈使句 will you？ Let's 開頭的祈使句 Shall we? Let us 開頭的祈使句 Will you? there be 相應(yīng)的謂語動詞+there (省略主語代詞） 否定前綴不能視為否定詞 仍用否定形式 must表"推測" 根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句 1. Be sure to write to us, _________? A.

16、 will you B. aren’t you C. can you D. mustn’t you 2. --- Alice, you feed the bird today, _________? --- But I fed it yesterday. A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you 3. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ____? (2000 上海) A. did they B. didn’t they C. d

17、id it D. didn’t it 4. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, _________? A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they 5. Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _____? A. is he B. isn’t he C. doesn’t she D. does she 6. Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone

18、in the room at that time, ______? (02 上海春季) A. was there B. wasn’t there C. didn’t he D. did he 7. Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _____? （04上海） A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t be D. is he 8. There is no light in the dormitory. They

19、 must have gone to the lecture, _______? A. didn't they B. don' t they C. mustn't they D. haven' t they 9. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ______ ? A. wasn’t there B. was there C. didn’t it D. did it 10. He never said that he was good a

20、t mathematics, ______ ?（05北京春季） 　 A. was he B. wasn’t he C. did he D. didn’t he Answers: 1-10 ABDCDCADAC 三、否定句 1. not…and; not…or; not…nor, neither…nor It’s not tall and wide. (部分否定） It’s not tall or wide. (全部否定） Not a flower nor a grass will grow in this area. （全部否定） 2. no;

21、not ● no - adv. -adj. = not a , not any Sorry, there’s no time to talk. ● not -adv. Ask him, not his wife. I can see you tomorrow, but not on Tuesday or Friday. He failed not because he isn’t clever but because he didn’t work hard. 3. no more (not …any more); no longer (not

22、any longer) Time lost will return no more. (動作的重復(fù)次數(shù)） He doesn’t work here any longer.（動作的延續(xù)） 4. no; none; no one : no 是一個限定詞，用在單數(shù)（可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞前面，也就是說一個名詞前面沒有冠詞、物主代詞或者代詞的時候，才可以用它； 而在the , my, your, this, these, that等詞前面，應(yīng)該使用none of, none, 可指人或物， 而no one指人 There were no letters for you this mor

23、ning, I’m afraid. None of my friends live near here. I stayed in all evening waiting, but no one came. ☆ A little money is better than at all. (none) I wanted two tickets, but there was left. (none) There is telling when he will be back. (no) --Who is in the room ? --

24、 . (No one) 5.否定轉(zhuǎn)移： 下列詞后接從句，如果否定，否定詞前移， 但hope 例外， think, believe, expect, suppose I don’t think that he will come. I hope that it won’t rain. 6.避免否定誤用 He asked me a second question before I answer the first one. A. could B. couldn’t 7.Nothing is + 比較級+ than to + V.　Nothing is

25、+ more + 形容詞 + than to + V. 例句：沒有比接受教育更重要的事了。 Nothing is more important than to receive education. 8. 。。。cannot emphasize the importance of 。。。 too much. （再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)... ...的重要性也不為過。）　 例句：我們再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)眼睛的重要性也不為過。 We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 四、倒裝句 ◇ 全部倒裝

26、 1.由here, there引起，謂語通常用 be, come, go Look ! Here comes your sister. There goes the bell. 2. 由介詞短語引起，謂語通常用be, stand, lie, live, live, sit, come, go, rise Along the wall stand four big chairs. At the top of the hill lay the dying soldiers. 3. 由up, down, on, in, off, away, out, back引起，謂語通常用c

27、ome, go, run, rush, fly Out rushed the boy. Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 4.以上情況主語如果是代詞，主謂不倒裝 Here’s your watch. (Here it is.) Up it went. 5.由個別副詞引起，謂語通常是be, lie North of the city lies (is) a railway. 6. 由such引起， 謂語通常用be Such is what he said. Such are his words.

28、 ◇部分倒裝 指謂語的一部分放在主語之前而引起的倒裝，通常是助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提前或連系動詞提前 1. 由never, hardly, seldom, little, not until引起 Seldom did he make any mistakes. Not until yesterday did I receive his letter. 2. not only…but also連接兩個單句時，前面的倒裝 Not only was she working hard, but also she was very polite. 3. neither…nor連接兩個單

29、句時，兩個句子都倒裝 Neither is he studying, nor is he working. 4. no sooner…than, hardly (scarcely)…when No sooner had we got into the room than the telephone rang. 5. 由only + 狀語， so + adj. (adv.) 引起 Only then (Only at the age of 18) did he realize the importance of the problem. 6. 由as引起 Child as he i

30、s, he can work out the problem. 7. 虛擬語氣的倒裝 Were I you, I would work harder. Had you come yesterday, you would have known that. Should it rain tomorrow, you wouldn’t leave. ◇ so (neither, nor) + be (do, have, 情態(tài)動詞，助動詞）+ 主語 You should work harder and so should I. She hasn’t been to Berlin a

31、nd nor have I. --I went to the zoo yesterday. --So you did. --She is a tailor. --So is she. / So she is. 五、祈使句 1. do強(qiáng)調(diào)祈使句 Do have another cup of coffee. 2. And可連接兩個祈使句 Wait and see. Come and see this goldfish. Try and (to) see his point of view. 3. 祈使句 + and (or) + 簡單句 Hurry

32、 up, or you’ll be late. (If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.) Use your head, and you’ll find a good way. (If you use your head, you’ll find a good way.) 4.對祈使句的回答 -- Drive carefully! -- (Yes,) I will. -- Don’t take any risk. -- (No,) I won’t. 六、感嘆句 1. adj. (Su

33、bj. + be ) How lovely ! How adv. (Subj. + v.) How well you sing ! subj. +v. How you work ! adj. + a (an) + n. How good a map it is! 2. a (an) (+ adj.) + n. What a rude man ! (+ adj.) + n. (可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)） What What

34、 lovely flowers ! ( + adj.) + n. (不可數(shù)名詞） What fine weather ! 七、省略與替代 Ⅰ、動詞不定式中的省略 1．在下列動詞see ，watch ，notice ， observe ， look at ， make ， have ，let ， hear ， listen to ， feel等后的不定式做賓補，要省略不定式符號。 2．在．．．do nothing but / except do ．．．的結(jié)構(gòu)中，在介詞but或except后作賓語時不定式符號要省略。 3．在would rather和had better后不定式符

35、號要省略。 4．在幾個不定式并列時，第二個、第三個不定式的不定式符號要省略。 5．在expect ，forget ， like ，want ， wish ， try ， have ， need ， used ， ought ， be able ， be going 等動詞和動詞詞組后接的不定式中，不定式符號后面的動詞原形常省略。 Ⅱ、從句中的省略。 1．在if ， as if ，while ， when ， where ， although ， unless ， what ， whether等引起的狀語從句中可以省略主謂部分。 Mistakes， if any ，shoul

36、d be corrected ．（ = if there are any mistakes） Please come again ，if possible．（= if it possible for you to come） Fill in the proper articles where necessary．（= where they are necessary） He won’t come ，unless invited ．(= unless he is invited) He opened his lips as if to say something ．（= as if he

37、 were going to say something） 2． 在if引起的從句中如有等詞倒裝時，省略if。 Were I you, I would not do it. Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you a phone call. 3． We have finished our homework, so have they. (= and they have finished their homework , too) If you don't go to the concert, neith

38、er shall I. (= I shall not go to the concert either) 4．賓語從句中連詞that引起的賓語從句和定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that、which，whom等 在定語從句中作賓與可以省略that。 Ⅲ、介詞的省略 prevent sb (from) doing sth. stop sb (from) doing sth. have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. spend time / money (in) doing sth. be busy (in) doing st

39、h. Ⅳ、替代： 省略與代替的作用是什么? 1．so代替前面句子中已經(jīng)表達(dá)過的詞,短語或句子(多是賓與從句). 與so 連用的常用動詞有： hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等． 2．用not代替so的情況.　 3．用不定式符號代替不定式. 4．用do在句子中代替其它動詞. EXERCISES 1.—What about having a drink ? -- . A. Go ahead, please. B. Help yourse

40、lf. C. Good idea. D. Me, too. 2.—Waiter ! -- . --I can’t eat this. It’s too salty. A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right D. Pardon ? 3.—You haven’t been to Beijing ,have you ? -- . How I wish to go there ! A. Yes, I have B. No, I ha

41、ven’t C. No, I have D. Yes, I haven’t 4. it with me and I’ll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 5. It was only when I received his poems recently I began to appreciate their beauty. A. until B. then C. that D. so 6.

42、–-I believe we’ve met somewhere before. --No, . A. it isn’t the same B. it can’t be true C. I don’t think so D. I’d rather not 7.Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted. A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t realize

43、 D. I realized 8.– Alice, you feed the bird today, ? -- But I fed it yesterday. A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you 9. –I just heard that the tickets for tonight’s show have been sold out. --Oh no ! . A. I was looking forward to that B. It doesn’t m

44、atter C. I knew it already D. It’s not at all interesting 10. It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. A. which B. why C. that D. how 11. Only when the war was over to his hometown. A. did the young soldier return B. the young

45、 soldier returned C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return 12. is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether 13. –Let’s go swimming, shall we ? -- . A. It’s my pleasure

46、 B. It doesn’t matter C. Yes, let’s go D. I agree with you 14. -- I enjoyed the food very much. -- I’m glad you like it. Please drop in any time you like. -- . A. Is it all right B. I’m afraid I won’t be free. C. Yes, I will D. That’s great 15.– Writ

47、e to me when you get home. -- . A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can 16. – I’m afraid I can’t finish the book within this week. -- . A. Please go ahead B. That’s tight C. Not at all. D. Take your time 17.– Hello, may I h

48、ave an appointment with the doctor? -- . A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment B. Why didn’t you call earlier? C.Certainly. May I know your name? D. Sorry, he doesn’t want to see you 18. What a pity my new computer doesn’t work. must be something wrong with it. A. It B. The

49、re C. This D. That 19. One more week, we will accomplish the task. A. or B. so that C. and D. if 20. -- It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. -- My god! . A. So did I B. So I did C. So were you D. So did you

50、21.-- My daughter has passed the exam. -- Congratulations ! She’s really intelligent. -- . A. No, no, she is nothing B. Oh, thank you! C. Sometimes she is intelligent D. You are right 22.– Would you rather come on Friday or Saturday? -- . A. Yes, of course.

51、 B. The other is better C. What’s the matter ? D. Either would suit me. 23.– You forgot to feed the cat again ? -- . A. I can’t remember. B. I don’t mind feeding her again. C. I’ll do it now. D. Yes, I did. What about you? 24.– Would you like

52、to go to the Grand Theater with me tonight? -- . A. No, I wouldn’t B. That’s all right C. Yes, I would like to go to the Grand Theater with you tonight D. I’d love to, but I have an exam tomorrow. 25. –Jane: Tom, let me introduce you to Lucy. -- Tom: . -- Lucy: Hi,

53、I’m Lucy Lee. A. What’s your name B. Hello C. Nice to see you. D. Sorry, not right now. 26.– Mum, I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding ! -- . A. Let me see B. Don’t worry C. Be careful D. Let me have a look 27. can you expect to get a pay rise. A. Although work hard B.With hard work C.Only with hard work D.Now that he works 1-10 CABDC CBBAC 11-20 AACCC DCBCB 21-27 BDCDB DC