優(yōu)化方案（新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ）高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 題型專題突破 二 閱讀理解 第三講 推理判斷題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練

推理判斷題推理判斷題(一)A(2020·江西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校第一次聯(lián)考)Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate(遷徙) north.Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense.If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.According to Science Daily，a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of todays familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in todays world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these farreaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2020，a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2020，thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2020 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2020 by yet another massive earthquake.Within just the last few months，new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point，it doesnt matter what is causing it，but rather，what can be done about it.Whats more，our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了未來氣候的變化對(duì)人和動(dòng)物的生存環(huán)境的影響。1What is the major function of Paragraph 1?ATo arouse the readers concern.BTo introduce the theme of the whole passage.CTo summarize the whole passage.DTo state how climate changes.解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.”可知，最新研究數(shù)據(jù)表明，世界的氣候變化已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重地影響了社會(huì)和環(huán)境。而接下來的幾段則是圍繞氣候變化對(duì)社會(huì)和環(huán)境具體的影響而展開的，由此可推知，第一段主要是介紹文章的主題。故選B項(xiàng)。2What is the authors purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?ATo show major changes are taking place on the planet.BTo remind people to prevent future earthquakes.CTo show the damage earthquakes caused.DTo tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“The planet itself has been showing signs of change.”可知，列舉最近地球上所發(fā)生的地震是為了說明地球正在發(fā)生著重大變化。故選A項(xiàng)。3Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes effects?AAnimal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.BIt could lead to the spread of diseases.CCurrent world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.DNatural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear.”可知，地理學(xué)家預(yù)計(jì)在未來的八十年中，現(xiàn)在的世界氣候帶可能會(huì)改變，有的可能會(huì)完全消失，C項(xiàng)中說世界氣候帶可能會(huì)變化并會(huì)完全消失，與文中描述不符，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第二段第一句“Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.”可知，B項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第二段最后一句“If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.”可知，A項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。故選C項(xiàng)。4What can be inferred from the passage?AAnimals and plants wont die out as long as climate changes slowly.BTheres enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.CThe world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.DThe earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.解析：選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this.”可知，地球并不是唯一一個(gè)在經(jīng)歷氣候變化的星球。故選D項(xiàng)。B(2020·河南豫北、豫東十所名校聯(lián)考)Choose your wish listIts normal for any students college wish list to change throughout high school.But when it comes time to apply，many seniors have a hard time narrowing down their choices.Theres no hard and fast answer，but there are several things you can do and ask yourself to make the decision easier.Here are three pieces of advice that might help.Do your researchAbove all，its important to figure out your wants and needs.What do you expect from your education？What are you willing to give up?Veronica Hauad，senior associate director of admissions(錄取)at the University of Chicago in the US，said students should start by taking time to figure_out those questions.“Find the thing thats most important to you，and then you can start searching on that factor and sort things out later，”Hauad said.Dont focus on rankingsIts easy to focus too hard on school rankings，but dont let that make your decision for you when youre looking at colleges.In the long run，rankings probably wont have a big effect on your education.Its OK to look at rankings，but dont obsess(過于執(zhí)著)over them.Find colleges that really interest you.If they end up being on a top list，think of it as an extra pleasure.Think about your futureHeres an important question to ask all of the colleges on your list：How many of your students find jobs after graduation？An Ivy League school may look good on an application，but what will the college do to help you find a job?Students should also make sure theyre going to college for the right reasons.University of Illinois sophomore(二年級(jí)學(xué)生) Steve Wang said he has met students who arent looking at the bigger picture.“I see a lot of students who go to college for the sake of the college experiencenot for a higher education.” Wang explained.“So people show up and spend a lot of time at parties and not really paying attention to schoolwork.Thats not really what college is for.”【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。作者向那些準(zhǔn)備申請(qǐng)大學(xué)的高中生提供了三個(gè)建議：一是做好相關(guān)調(diào)查；二是不要太執(zhí)著于大學(xué)的排名；三是考慮自己的未來。5What does the underlined part “figure out” probably mean?ALet out.BLook out.CMake out. DCheck out.解析：選C。詞義猜測(cè)題。畫線短語所在段落的上一段中提到了一些讓學(xué)生思考的問題，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可知，Veronica Hauad認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該花些時(shí)間弄清楚那些問題，由此可推知，figure out的意思應(yīng)為“弄清楚”，make out的意思也為“弄清楚”。故答案選C。let out意為“使出來，使(火)熄滅”；look out意為“小心，注意”；check out意為“結(jié)賬離開”，均不符合文意。6When you apply to a college，you should _Afind out what you really wantBchoose the best known collegeCconsider the things you can doDquit a chance for further study解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者給即將步入大學(xué)的高中生所提供的三個(gè)建議的內(nèi)容，尤其是第三段第一句“Above all，its important to figure out your wants and needs.”可知，高中生在申請(qǐng)大學(xué)時(shí)一定要做好相關(guān)調(diào)查，弄清楚自己的真正需求，不要太執(zhí)著于大學(xué)的排名，要為自己的將來考慮，選那些能真正吸引自己的大學(xué)。A項(xiàng)符合題意。故答案選A。7Steve Wang spends his main time on _Ataking photos BschoolworkCparties Dkilling time解析：選B。推理判斷題。在最后一段中，Steve Wang認(rèn)為很多學(xué)生來到大學(xué)，只是為了有上大學(xué)的經(jīng)歷，而不是為了接受更高的教育，持有這種想法的學(xué)生會(huì)經(jīng)常參加聚會(huì)而不把主要精力放在學(xué)業(yè)上。由Steve Wang的話可推知，他不贊同這種做法，故他的時(shí)間應(yīng)該主要是花在學(xué)業(yè)上的。故答案選B。8What is the text mainly for?AResearchers. BEducators.CApplicants. DSophomore.解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前兩段內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章是給那些即將高中畢業(yè)、準(zhǔn)備申請(qǐng)大學(xué)的學(xué)生提供的一些建議。故答案選C。CThe other morning on the subway I sat next to an attractive young blonde woman who was reading something on her iPad.She was very welldressed，carrying a Prada bag with tastefully applied makeup indeed，she had an unmistakable air of wealth，material success and even authority.I suspected she worked as a highlypaid Wall Street lawyer or stockbroker or something of that sort.So，I was curious to see what she was so focused on.The Wall Street Journal perhaps？The Economist?Quite the contrary；rather，she was concentrating on a romance novel.Then I realized that I have known many women who love romance novelssmart，attractive，successful，“l(fā)iberated”，modern females who nonetheless find some kind of deep satisfaction and thrill from those hyperromantic，artificial and extremely unrealistic tales of handsome，manly heroes falling in love with virginal women，enduring a series of adventures，then no doubt having a happy ending.These_romance_stories_are_to_literature_what_hot_dogs_are_to_fine_food.Yet，the genre(體裁) remains enormously popular.Consider some of these surprising statistics from the good folks at the Romance Writers of America(RWA)：*More than 9，000 romance titles were released last year，with sales of about $1.44 billion (more than triple the revenues generated by classic literary fiction)*More than 90 percent of the market are women (okay，thats not at all surprising)*Readers are typically women between the ages 30 and 54 who are themselves involved in a romantic relationship (betraying the stereotype that only lonely women long for these tales of love and adventure)*Almost 40 percent of romance book consumers have an annual income of between $50，000 and $99，900 (placing them firmly in the middle class)I had thought that romance novels accounted for a very small share of the literary market，so I was quite surprised that this part has such enormous popularity.But I must wonder why so many womenforty years after the womens liberation movement continue to indulge in the fanciful tales?Im not sure if it represents a kind of “rejection” of the womens liberation movement，but clearly something is missing in the lives of contemporary ladies.A romance author named Donna Hatch who focuses on the Regency period (early 19th century Britain) explained the appeal of such books this way：“Regency men were civilized and treated women with courtesy.When a lady entered the room，gentlemen stood，doffed their hats，offered an arm，bowed，and a hundred other little things I wish men still did today.But they were also very athletic；they hunted，raced，boxed，rode horses.They were manly.Strong.Noble.Honorable.And that is why I love them！”Mrs. Hatch may have expressed the secret desires and attitudes of untold millions of her peersthat is，in the early 21st century，have women grown tired of the burdens and expectations that the “freedoms” they have gained give them？Is this a rejection of modern feminism？Do women long for days of old when men were masculine gentlemen and women were feminine and protected as precious treasures and regarded as possessions?Perhaps most women (even the ones who get lost in romance novels) do not want to go all the way back but it is obvious，_【解題導(dǎo)語】落難少女情結(jié)：現(xiàn)代女性喜愛閱讀言情小說的背后。9. What is the function of the opening paragraph?ATo summarize the whole passage.BTo prove the authors argument.CTo lead in the main topic of the passage.DTo raise problems that will be solved later.解析：選C。推理判斷題。本文第一段講述的是作者在地鐵上的一次偶遇，由此引出下文對(duì)“現(xiàn)代女性喜愛閱讀言情小說的背后”的深思。即第一段為引子，引出文章的話題。故該題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。10What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph imply?ARomance novels are satisfying and thrilling.BRomance novels are not of much “nutrition”CRomance novels are as popular as hot dogs.DRomance novels are an essential part of contemporary life.解析：選B。句意推測(cè)題。因?yàn)椤癆 is to B what C is to D”：A之于B就像C對(duì)于D一樣。故該句句意應(yīng)為：言情小說對(duì)于文學(xué)而言就像熱狗對(duì)于好的食物一樣。且根據(jù)有轉(zhuǎn)折意義的下句：但是言情小說卻非常流行?？芍?，該句應(yīng)是用貶義詞來描述言情小說，說其沒有營養(yǎng)，故該題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。11In the authors opinion，what is missing in the lives of contemporary women?AAuthority. BDignity.CLiberty. DCare.解析：選D。推理判斷題。A.Authority.威信；B.Dignity.尊嚴(yán)；C.Liberty.自由；D.Care.關(guān)愛；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段可推知，作者認(rèn)為在當(dāng)代女性生活中逐漸消失的是D.Care.關(guān)愛。12Which sentence can be put in the blank in the last paragraph?Athey prefer tales of innocent romance to classicsBthey are unhappy with how the world has turned outCtrue love described in romance novels does exist in realityDromance novels provide them with an access to society解析：選B。推理判斷題。該題重在尋找關(guān)聯(lián)詞和關(guān)鍵詞。該句中的連詞but及選項(xiàng)B中的unhappy是該題的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。故該題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。推理判斷題(二)A(2020·合肥第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Severely disabled people may soon be able to use their noses to write，drive a wheelchair or surf the Internet，thanks to a device(裝置) developed by doctors in Israel.The device will be used by breathing in and out through the nose，according to a study.Healthy people who tested the device quickly learned to play computer games and write sentences by sniffing.Encouraged by the results，the researchers decided to test their device on people who are paralyzed(癱瘓) but whose intelligence remains normal.Ten paralyzed who tested the device quickly learned to use their noses to write words，open a webpage，copy words and put them into a search engine.With their success in helping severely disabled people to communicate，the researchers decided to make use of the new technology to design an electric wheelchair to be driven by sniffs.Ten healthy people easily mastered sniffdriving a wheelchair through a maze(迷宮)，and a 30yearold man who had been paralyzed from the neck down for six years was as good a sniffdriver as the healthy participants at his second attempt.In other words，a paralyzed person could use the sniff controller to drive an electric wheelchair.At the moment，sniffcontrolled technology is still in the stage of development，and the Weizmann Institute has already applied for a patent on the device.“Ill be very happy if it can help us to make money，but the real problem is that I hope someone will develop it，because this would help a lot of people，”said Sobel，one of the lead researchers of the study.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了以色列醫(yī)生的一項(xiàng)發(fā)明。利用鼻吸，一些殘疾人可以使用這項(xiàng)發(fā)明完成許多事情，但這項(xiàng)發(fā)明還需要進(jìn)一步地開發(fā)。1Whats the purpose of the passage?ATo introduce a new invention.BTo equip the disabled with life skills.CTo show the noses special functions.DTo instruct doctors to apply for a patent.解析：選A。寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了以色列醫(yī)生發(fā)明的可以幫助殘疾人的一項(xiàng)裝置。故選A項(xiàng)。2In the test，the paralyzed people with normal intelligence can use their noses to _Atype long sentences quicklyBplay computer games easilyCenter a website without much difficultyDcommunicate with others successfully解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Ten paralyzed who tested the device quickly learned to use their noses to write words，open a webpage，copy words and put them into a search engine.”可知，癱瘓的人可以利用這種裝置打開網(wǎng)頁。故選C項(xiàng)。3With the help of the sniffing device，a 30yearold disabled man _Aspent six years learning how to drive a wheelchairBfailed to drive through the maze at his first attemptCtook the wheelchair controlled by healthy participantsDmanaged to drive an electric wheelchair by sniffing解析：選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，一位30歲的殘疾人可以通過鼻吸駕駛電動(dòng)輪椅。故選D項(xiàng)。4From the last paragraph，we can infer that the sniffcontrolled technology _Awill be applied to other fields of researchBneeds further developing to serve more peopleChas become an important patented inventionDshows the wisdom and talents of Israel doctors解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句中的“At the moment，sniffcontrolled technology is still in the stage of development”可知，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)仍需進(jìn)一步開發(fā)。故答案選B。B(2020·河南畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性模擬練習(xí))A Missouri mom was left stunned after her newborn baby girl was born with two perfectly formed front teeth.Jaklina Bailey welcomed little Alyssa into the world at a hospital in Branson just three days after Christmas，reports ABC 7.And the tiny infant surprised everyone by showing off a pair of pearly bottom front chompers.“Right when she first arrived，everybody was just shocked，”said Bailey.“Just like，She has two front teeth？No kidding？Really？It was just a big talk about it in the delivery room，”she added.Bailey said even her doctor had been startled by the premature appearance of the babys fangs.“She said in her 25year career this is the second time shes even seen it，” Bailey told CNN.Dr. Laura Corio，a clinical professor of obstetrics and genecology at New Yorks Mount Sinai Hospital，said it was not common for babies to be born with teeth.But she added it was not completely unheard of either.“Teeth can be present in oral cavities at birth and may be related to certain other health problems but not always，”she told ABC news.The National Institute of Health reports that one in every 2，000 to 3，000 babies are born with teethusually appear on the lower gums.Bailey said she would be keeping an eye on the tiny teeth，as they would come loose and cause a choking hazard.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。一位婦女產(chǎn)下一個(gè)長著兩顆漂亮門牙的女嬰，這讓包括婦女本人在內(nèi)的所有在場(chǎng)的人驚訝不已，大感驚奇。5Who is Jaklina Bailey?AA doctor. BThe babys mother.CA CNN reporter. DA clinical professor.解析：選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Jaklina Bailey welcomed little Alyssa into the world at a hospital.”可知，Jaklina Bailey是新生兒的媽媽。故選B。6Which group of words are closest in meaning?ATeeth，gums，fangs.BChomper，delivery，hazard.CInfant，career，cavity.DStunned，startled，shocked.解析：選D。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中的“A Missouri mom was left stunned.”第四段中的“everybody was just shocked”以及第六段中的“Bailey said even her doctor had been startled by the premature appearance of the babys fangs.”可推知，這幾處分別表達(dá)了Bailey、旁觀者和醫(yī)生看到新生兒長了兩顆牙齒時(shí)的驚訝，所以D項(xiàng)中這幾個(gè)詞的意思相近，意為“驚訝，吃驚”。故選D。7According to Dr.Laura Corio，_Ashe has never seen a baby born with teethBlittle Alyssa is not alone to be born with teethCbabies born with teeth have other health problemsDone in every 2，000 to 3，000 babies are born with teeth解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第八段第二句“But she added it was not completely unheard of either.”可知，這位醫(yī)生說這種情況也不是完全沒有聽說過的；由此可推知，Alyssa并不是唯一一個(gè)出生時(shí)就長了牙齒的嬰兒。故選B。8What type of writing is the text?AA news report. BA medical digest.CAn announcement. DA hospital introduction.解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“reports ABC 7”可知，本文應(yīng)該是一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選A。C(2020·河南六市第一次聯(lián)考) “People are ruder today because they are rushed and more time poor than ever before，”says Patsy Rowe，“Manners_have_fallen_off_the_radar” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people dont wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint about the noise.Here are some examples of rudeness.Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet.To them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward.It feels very slow because humans dont work at 4G speeds.When you have dinner with friends，you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone.We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings lifechanging news，so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with.What is worse，some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude messages by email.However，rudeness is never acceptable.Dont assume it is OK to be rude if the person youre in touch with wont recognize you.If you have something awful to say，have the courage to face the person and say it，write a letter or an email and sign it，or forget it.Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.We shouldnt blame technology for our shortcomings.Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives.An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings.People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if wed publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文?，F(xiàn)代人比從前更加粗魯。不過這不是科技的錯(cuò)，而是人們自己的錯(cuò)。人們不僅要看到別人的無禮行為，更應(yīng)該欣賞別人的禮貌行為，這樣才更有助于改善人們粗魯?shù)男袨椤?What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?APeople can tell good from bad behavior.BRadar is able to observe human behavior.CPeople care little about their behavior.DRadar can be used to predict human behavior.解析：選C。推理判斷題。閱讀第一段可知，本段主要說明了“People are ruder today”(現(xiàn)在的人們更加粗魯)這一觀點(diǎn)。由此可以推知“Manners have fallen off the radar.”也是在強(qiáng)調(diào)人們變得粗魯這一事實(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。其余選項(xiàng)與本段中心無關(guān)。10Some people are less willing to deal with humans because _Athey are becoming less patientBthey are growing too independentCthey have to handle many important messagesDthey have to follow an evolutionary step backward解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“To them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary s