新概念英語第二冊 lesson 4 筆記和答案

新概念英語第二冊 lesson 4 An exciting tripLesson 4 An exciting trip 激動人心的旅行課文內(nèi)容：I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. Notes on the text 課文注釋1 He has been there for six months. 他在那兒已經(jīng)住了6個月了。關(guān)于動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時，可以參看第1冊第83至87課。2 a great number of, 許多，用于修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。3 in the centre of, 在中部。參考譯文我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來信，他正在澳大利亞。他在那兒已經(jīng)住了6個月了。蒂姆是個工程師，正在為一家大公司工作，并且已經(jīng)去過澳大利亞的不少地方了。他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車，現(xiàn)在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮(zhèn)艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久還將到達(dá)爾文去，從那里，他再飛往珀斯。我弟弟以前從未出過國，因此，他覺得這次旅行非常激動人心。自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀1He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. （他）正在為一家大公司工作，并且已經(jīng)去過澳大利亞的不少地方了。（1） work for指“在上班任職”：表達(dá)“上班”這個意思時還可以說work at：She works at a department store.她在一家百貨商店上班。（2）a number of只能接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。通常，number前有g(shù)reat, large, good, small, certain等形容詞，數(shù)量大小也隨之改變：A large/ great number of our students are Danish.我們的學(xué)生中有許多是丹麥人。There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.你的家庭作業(yè)里有少數(shù)幾個拼寫錯誤。2He will soon visit Darwin. 他不久還將到達(dá)爾文去。will 表示將來要發(fā)生的事。這句話的時態(tài)是一般將來時。（cf. 第12課語法）下一句話From there, he will fly to Perth也是一般將來時。3My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting. 我弟弟以前從未出過國，因此，他覺得這次旅行非常激動人心。（1）這句話由兩個簡單句組成，后一句由連詞so引導(dǎo)，為表示結(jié)果的狀語從句。（2）find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“發(fā)覺”講時賓語往往帶補(bǔ)足語（一般為形容詞），說明賓語的狀況、性質(zhì)等：I find the film very interesting.我覺得這電影很有趣。She found Ton's room very dirty.她發(fā)現(xiàn)湯姆的房間非常臟。She has already found herself wrong.她已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己錯了。需要注意的是，find一詞很少用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)，一般用于過去時、完成時及一般現(xiàn)在時等。語法 Grammar in use1現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時的時間概念有時是不確定的。（cf. 第1冊第8388課）我們所關(guān)心的是現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果，或者過去發(fā)生的事對現(xiàn)在的影響?，F(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確表示過去的副詞（如ago, yesterday等）連用。經(jīng)常和現(xiàn)在完成時連用的副詞和副詞短語有：before（now）（在此以前）；so far（到目前為止）；up to now （直到現(xiàn)在）；just（剛剛）；already（已經(jīng)）；lately（最近）；now（現(xiàn)在）；疑問句和否定句中常用ever, yet, never, not ever等。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時經(jīng)常用于表示在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的情況，因此往往不需要和時間狀語連用。試比較：2同位語 (Appositives)一個名詞（或短語等）與另一個名詞（或短語）并列而作為其說明或限定成分時稱為同位語。同位語與它所補(bǔ)充說明的成分之間用逗號隔開。課文中有兩句話含有同位語：I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來信。（Tim是my brother的同位語。它們指的是同一個人。Tim用來補(bǔ)充說明my brother的名字）He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車，現(xiàn)在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮(zhèn)艾利斯斯普林斯。（在這句話中 a small town in the centre of Australia是Alice Springs的同位語，補(bǔ)充說明這是個多大的鎮(zhèn)子，在什么地方）在譯成漢語時，同位語或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語中那樣用逗號隔開。請參閱課文中兩個句子的譯文。同位語如果太長，可以另譯為一句。如課文中第二個例句的后半部分可以譯為：“現(xiàn)在去了艾利斯斯普林斯。這是澳大利亞中部的一個小鎮(zhèn)。”同位語的其他例子如：This is John, one of my best friends.這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。Mrs. Smith, my neighbour, has never been abroad.我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來沒有出過國。詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study1receive vt.（1）接到，收到，得到：When did you receive that letter?你什么時候收到那封信的？Susan received a gift/card this morning.今天上午蘇珊收到了一份禮物一張卡。receive是“收到”，指的是一個被動的動作，主觀上接受與不接受并不清楚。take則是主動地“拿”、“取”：He told me to take the keys from his pocket.他讓我從他口袋里把鑰匙拿出來。I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.我叔叔給了我一枝漂亮的鋼筆。昨天我弟弟把筆拿走了。（2）招待，接待：You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.如果你要接待這么多客人，你就需要一個大房間。We usually receive guests on Saturday.我們通常星期六招待賓客。2different adj. (名詞為difference)（1）不同的，相異的（經(jīng)常與from連用）：Desks are different from tables.書桌與桌子不一樣。My room is different form yours.我的房間與你的不同。We are planning something different this year.我們今年有不同的打算。（2）各種各樣的，不同的：He has visited many different places in China.他去過中國的不少地方。This department store sells a large number of different things.這家百貨商店出售許多各種各樣的東西。 練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises1關(guān)鍵句型練習(xí)答案A 1 I have just had breakfast.2 He has been in prison for six months.3 The police have not caught the thief yet.4 You have (already) asked that question three times (already).5 Have you ever been to Switzerland?6 I have never been to Switzerland.7 He is a wonderful runner. He has broken two records so far .8 I haven't seen George lately .C 1 He has just left the house .2 He has just had breakfast .3 She has just written a letter .4 My sister has just turned on the radio .5 My mother has just made the bed .6 She has just bought a new hat.D 1 He hasn't washed the dishes yet .2 She hasn't made the beds yet .3 He hasn't combed his hair yet .4 She hasn't swept the carpet yet .5 We haven't read Macbethyet .E 1 Have you seen the new play at The Globeyet ?2 Have you taken your holidays yet ?3 Have you read this book yet ?4 Have you done your homework yet ?5 Have you finished your work yet ?2 難點(diǎn)練習(xí)答案1 received 2 received 3 took 4 taken 5 take3多項(xiàng)選擇題答案1d  2b  3a  4b  5b  6a7c  8b  9c  10a  11c  12c       課堂筆記【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】生詞和短語excitingadj. 令人興奮的excite:激動excited:-ed: 自己感到-ing:令人感到exciting boyinteresting manThe man is interesting.The news exciting,I am excited其賓語一定是人The news excited me.讓后面的人感到interesting:令人感到有趣的interested: 感到有意思的The book interests me.receivev. 接受，收到accept：同意接收receive:客觀的收到This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't acceptit.taketake the exam：接收考試；take advice接收建議receive/havereceive/have a letter from somebody.firmn. 商行，公司companydifferentadj. 不同的centren. 中心abroadadv. 在國外副詞，直接和動詞連用go aroadlive abroadstudy abroad讀音語調(diào)要頓拙一些received a letter from just和完成時連用months one month two monthsI'have arrived in Beijing.has beenHe has been in Beijing for one year.has been + in 地點(diǎn)He has been in America for tow years.連讀work for work in 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)work for強(qiáng)調(diào)workI am working for a school.I am working in the New Oriental school.a great number of :a lot ofa great number of 后面一定要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)a lot of 可加可數(shù)名詞也可加不可數(shù)名詞i have a lot of friendsI have a great number of friends.has gone to :去了某地沒回來has been to :曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在不在那個地方Have you been to Paris?soon:很快（時間）from there:從那地方起from 即可以加時間又可以加地點(diǎn)from half past 8 to half past 11from Beijing to Tianjingfly to Perth: go to Perth by airbefore副詞，在此之前現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的標(biāo)志find trip excitingfind +賓語+形容詞做賓補(bǔ)find the room cleanfind her happyis finding I'm finding.語法精粹下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動的動詞不可用于進(jìn)行時believe;doubt see hear know understand belong thinkconsider feel look seem show mind have sound tasterequire possess care like hate love detest desirearrive不能和斷時間連用用進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示將來時態(tài)的：go come leave arrive第3課關(guān)鍵句型：一般過去式第4課關(guān)鍵句型：現(xiàn)在完成式第5課：一般過去式和現(xiàn)在完成式的相同點(diǎn)，不同點(diǎn)，用的時候要注意什么下面幾個詞一出現(xiàn)就標(biāo)志著完成式：just before alreadyreceive take他到某地有多久了。He has been.I have been here for three years.find:發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到find the book dirtyfind+n.+a.【Multiple choice questions】(3).at.表示位置be at.(典型表示位置的介詞短語）go to.只要有to這個感念，它的后面一定要有賓語，go to the theatergo in.(in 做副詞）很小加賓語He went in.go into.有去向的動作，還有進(jìn)入的動作go into the roommove:搬家move in:搬進(jìn)來move to the new house:正在搬move into :搬進(jìn)去了(4).how long.對段時間提問，跟現(xiàn)在完成時相連have+動詞的過去分詞