英語第二部分 語法 八 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語 （新版）人教新目標(biāo)版

專題八動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語1.了解動(dòng)詞的分類及各自的語法功能,要特別注意動(dòng)詞的語法意義、不同詞形和固定搭配;2.能夠根據(jù)語境正確運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語。預(yù)測(cè)2018年安徽省中考仍然會(huì)重點(diǎn)考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和動(dòng)詞短語辨析。考生需根據(jù)具體的語境靈活運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語?？键c(diǎn)1動(dòng)詞的分類動(dòng)詞是用來表示主語做什么(即行為動(dòng)詞 ),或表示主語是什么或怎么樣(即狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞 )的詞。動(dòng)詞可以按照含義及它們?cè)诰渲械淖饔梅殖伤念?即行為動(dòng)詞(也稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 )、連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。行為動(dòng)詞(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 )是表示行為、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。它的詞義完整,可以單獨(dú)作謂語。行為動(dòng)詞(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 )按其是否需要賓語,可以分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞;按是否具有延續(xù)性,又可分為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。1.及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語,意思才完整。常見的有l(wèi)ove,need,want,ask,help,teach,make等。2.不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能直接跟賓語,意思已完整。不及物動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可以加上副詞或介詞,構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。常見的有come,go,run,travel,listen,work,sleep,swim等。3.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬間,非常短暫,亦稱終止性動(dòng)詞。常見的有begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,arrive,reach,get to,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,die等。4.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或更長時(shí)間。常見的有study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,write,sit,stand,lie,keep等?？键c(diǎn)2感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞有hear,see,feel,watch,sound,smell,taste,find,look,listen to等,用法如下:典例(2017山東青島 )These oranges look nice,butvery sour.A.feelB.tasteC.soundD.look【解析】考查感官動(dòng)詞。句意:這些橘子看起來很不錯(cuò),但嘗起來很酸。taste意為“嘗起來”,符合語境?！敬鸢浮緽考點(diǎn)3易混淆的動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語辨析1.listen,listen to與hear典例(2017廣西貴港 )What does your father do after dinner?He usuallynewspapers.A.reads B.watchesC.looks D.sees【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:晚飯后你爸爸經(jīng)常做什么?他常常讀一些報(bào)紙。根據(jù)后面的newspapers可知,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞read?！敬鸢浮緼典例(2017合肥50中模擬 )The Internet hasevery corner of the world so its easy for us to find out some information that we need.Yes,thats right.A.arrivedB.gotC.reachedD.left【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)到達(dá)世界的每一個(gè)角落,所以我們很容易找到我們需要的信息。是的,的確如此。reach表示“到達(dá)”,為及物動(dòng)詞,后面直接跟賓語。【答案】C典例How long can Ithis book?Five days.But you must return it on time.A.borrowB.lendC.keepD.kept【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。此處表示“借書”,但是how long 需要和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,因此應(yīng)該選擇keep?！敬鸢浮緾典例We need to do some research tothe answer.A.find outB.look outC.hand outD.take out【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語。根據(jù)語境可知應(yīng)該選find out“找出,找到”?！敬鸢浮緼典例(2017四川涼山 )Wow,your sweater is very beautiful!Thank you.I bought it two days ago.Itme$50.A.tookB.costC.paidD.spent【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:哇,你的毛衣真漂亮!謝謝,我兩天前買的。它花了我50美元。【答案】B典例Im sorry,Mr.Hu.Imy English exercise book at home.It doesnt matter.Please rememberit here this afternoon.A.forgot;to bringB.left;to takeC.forgot;to take D.left;to bring【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。第一空表示把某物丟在某處,用left;第二空表示帶來,用to bring。【答案】D典例(2017湖北襄陽 )Great!Our womens volleyball teamthe gold medal in Rio Olympic Games on Saturday!Yes.We see the great spirit of Chinese womens volleyball team once again!A.wonB.beat C.lostD.missed【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:真棒!我們的女子排球隊(duì)在周六的里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)上贏得金牌!是的,我們又一次看到了偉大的中國女排精神!【答案】A典例(2017西寧 )Could you please teach me how to“red envelope”(紅包 )on WeChat?Sure.Let me show you.A.give awayB.give upC.give backD.give out【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意:你能告訴我怎樣用微信發(fā)紅包嗎?當(dāng)然可以,讓我來教你。A項(xiàng)意為“泄露,放棄”;B項(xiàng)意為“放棄”;C項(xiàng)意為“歸還,后退”;D項(xiàng)意為“分發(fā)”。【答案】D