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1、 BRITISH STANDARD Short link chain for lifting purposes D Safety Part 4: Chain slings D Grade 8 The European Standard EN 818-4 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS |

2、BS EN 818-4 : 1997 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

3、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entr

4、usted by Technical Committee MHE/1 upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cable Makers Confederation British Chain Manufacturers' Association British Forging Industry Association British Iron and Steel Producers' Association British Ports Association British Railways Bo

5、ard Castings Technology International Corporation of Trinity House Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) Drop Forging Research Association Engineering Equipment and Material Users' Association Federation of Users of Construction Equipment and Cranes Federation of W

6、ire Rope Manufacturers of Great Britain Health and Safety Executive Institution of Incorporated Executive Engineers Lifting Equipment Engineers' Association Lloyd's Register of Shipping Ministry of Defence National Association of Lift Makers This British Standard,

7、having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 April 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MHE/1 Dr

8、aft for comment 92/80473 DC ISBN 0 580 26466 1  Amd. No. Date Text affected Amendments issued since publication BS 818-4 : 1997 Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 818-4 3

9、 BSI 1997 i National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee MHE/1 and is the English language version of EN 818-4 : 1996, pu

10、blished by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 818-4 : 1996 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the United Kingdom took an active part. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

11、 Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover. ii BSI 1997 EUROPEAN STANDAR

12、D EN 818-4 NORME EUROPE? ENNE EUROPAè ISCHE NORM June 1996 ICS Descriptors: Lifting chains, welded chains, chain links, lifting slings, safety, accident prevention, hazards, dimensions, dimensional tolerances, proof force, tests, verification, marking English

13、 version Short link chain for lifting purposes D Safety D Part 4: Chain slings D Grade 8 Cha??nes de levage aá maillons courts D Se? curite? D Partie 4: Elingues en cha??nes D Classe 8 Kurzliedrige Rundstahlketten fuè r Hebezwecke D Sicherheit D Teil 4: Anschlagketten D Guè

14、 teklasse 8 This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-03-07. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to

15、-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by tran

16、slation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Irelan

17、d, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite? Europe? en de Normalisation Europaè isches Komitee fuè r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050

18、Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members.  Ref. No. EN 818-4 : 1996 E Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168, Chains, ropes, Contents  Page webbing, slings and accessories D Safety, of which the Se

19、cretariat is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1996, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1996. This European

20、Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). The other Parts of EN 818 are: Part 1: General conditions of acceptance; Part 2: Medium tolerance chain for cha

21、in slings D Grade 8; Part 3: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings D Grade 4; Part 5: Chain slings D Grade 4; Part 6: Chain slings D Instructions for use and maintenance. A further Part or Parts will cover fine tolerance chains for chain hoists and other lifting appliances. This is

22、 the first edition of this Part of EN 818. In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland,

23、 Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Hazards 4 5 Safety requirements 4 6 Verification of safety requirements 5 7 Marking 7 8 Man

24、ufacturer's certificate 7 9 Instructions for use 7 Annexes Annex A (normative) Alternative method of rating and marking a chain sling for a specific lifting application 13 Annex B (informative) Bases for calculation of working load limits 13 Annex C (informative) Designation system

25、 for chain slings D grade 8 14 Annex D (informative) Identification tags for chain slings 15 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means of conforming with the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directiv

26、e. The Directive stipulates that where chain with welded links is used for lifting accessories it is to be of short line type and for the purposes of this standard this is chain having a ratio of nominal pitch to nominal size of 3:1. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated EN

27、292-1 Safety of machinery D Basic concepts D General principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology EN 292-2 : 1991 Safety of machinery D Basic concepts D General principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications EN 292-2 : 1991/ Safety of machinery D Basi

28、c in the scope of this Part of EN 818. In addition, lifting equipment shall comply as appropriate to EN 292 for hazards which are not covered by this standard. Annex C gives a designation system for recording the identifying features of grade 8 chain slings. Since this A1 : 1995 concept

29、s D General principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications (Amendment 1 : 1995) system is not widely used it has been included in this first edition of this standard as an informative annex; however, should its use become more generally accepted then the status of

30、 the information would need to be reviewed. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requirements related to safety, methods of rating and testing of single-, two-, three-, four-leg and endless chain slings, assembled by: a) mechanical joining devices; b) welding using short link gr

31、ade 8 medium tolerance lifting chain conforming to EN 818-2 together with the appropriate range of components of the same grade. NOTE. Instructions for use and maintenance of chain slings are covered by prEN 818-6. The hazards covered by this European Standard are identified in clause 4. Base

32、s for the calculation of working load limits are given in annex B. EN 818-1 Short link chain for lifting purposes D Safety Part 1: General conditions of acceptance EN 818-2 Short link chain for lifting purposes D Safety Part 2: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings D Grade 8 prEN 8

33、18-6 Short link chain for lifting purposes D Safety Part 6: Chain slings D Instructions for use and maintenance prEN 1050 Safety of machinery D Principles of risk assessment prEN 1677-1 Components for slings D Safety Part 1: Forged steel components D Grade 8 prEN 1677-2 Components for sling

34、s D Safety Part 2: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch D Grade 8 prEN 1677-4 Components for slings D Safety Part 4: Links D Grade 8 Annex C gives an example of a designation system for chain slings. 2 Normative references EN ISO 9001 : 1994 Quality systems D Model for quality assur

35、ance in design/development, production, installation and servicing This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For da

36、ted references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. 3 Definitions For the purposes of thi

37、s Part of EN 818 the following definitions apply. 3.1 chain sling An assembly consisting of chain or chains joined to upper and lower terminals suitable according to the requirements of this European Standard for attaching loads to the hook of a crane or other lifting machine (see figure

38、s 1 to 4). 3.2 nominal size of sling The nominal size of short link chain, in millimetres, used in the manufacture of the sling. 3.3 nominal grade of sling For the purpose of designation in accordance with annex C, the same as the grade of the short link chain used in th

39、e manufacture of the sling, . 8. 3.4 master link A link forming the upper terminal of a chain by means of which the sling is attached to the hook of a crane of other lifting machine (see figures 1 to 4). 3.5 length of a leg For a finished sling, the length from the lower bearing point o

40、f the lower terminal to the upper bearing point of the upper terminal (see figures 1 to 4 as examples). 3.6 intermediate master link A link used to connect one or two legs of a sling to a master link. 3.7 lower terminal A link, hook or other device fitted at the end of a leg of a sling, r

41、emote from the master link or upper terminal. 3.8 mechanical joining device A means of connection which does not depend on welding. It may be integral with a component or a separate component (see figure 5). 3.9 joining link A welded link fitted to the end of a chain to connect it either

42、 directly or through an intermediate link to an upper or lower terminal or intermediate master link, or in the case of an endless sling to the other end of the chain (see figures 1 to 4). 0 intermediate link A welded link used to form a connection between the terminal and the joining link

43、fitted to the chain (see figures 1 to 4). 3.11 manufacturing proof force (MPF) of a chain sling A force applied during manufacture as a test to the whole sling or a force applied as a test to a section of a sling. 2 working load limit (WLL) of a chain sling The maximum mass which a

44、 sling is authorized to sustain in general lifting service. 3 competent person A designated person, suitably trained (see 8 of EN ISO 9001 : 1994) qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and with the necessary instructions to enable the required tests and examination to be carri

45、ed out. 4 Hazards The release of a load due to failure of lifting accessories such as slings or their component parts puts at risk either directly or indirectly the life or health of those persons within the danger zone of lifting equipment. In order to provide the necessary strength

46、 and durability of lifting accessories, this Part of EN 818 lays down requirements for the design, selection of materials of construction and testing to ensure that specified levels of performance are met. Fatigue failure has not been identified as a hazard when chain slings having the spec

47、ified levels of performance given in this Part of EN 818 are used in general lifting service. Since failure can be caused by the incorrect choice of grade and specification of lifting accessory this Part of EN 818 also gives the requirements for marking and the manufacturer's certificate.

48、Errors in fitting together of assemblies can also lead to premature failure and this Part of EN 818 contains dimensional requirements to allow correct fit. Those aspects of safe use associated with good practice are given in prEN 818-6. Table 1 contains all the hazards which require action to

49、 reduce risk, identified by risk assessment as being specific and significant for chain slings grade 8. 5 Safety requirements 5.1 Components of a chain sling 5.1.1 Chain The chain shall comply with prEN 818-2. 5.1.2 Forged steel components Forged steel components, including mechanic

50、al joining devices, for use with grade 8 chain in the manufacture of chain slings shall conform to prEN 1677-1. Table 1. Hazards and associated requirements Hazards identified in annex A of prEN 1050 Relevant clause of annex A of EN 292-2 : 1991/A1 : 1995 Relevant clause/sub-clause of t

51、his Part of EN 818 Mechanical hazard due to inadequacy of strength 5 6 7 8 15 Errors of fitting hazard 5.1.3 Links Master links and intermediate master links shall comply with prEN 1677-4. Lower terminal links shall comply with prEN 1677-4

52、 except for those clauses relating to link dimensions. Joining links and intermediate links shall conform with prEN 1677-4 except for those clauses related to link dimensions. Lower terminal links, joining links and intermediate links shall satisfy the appropriate requirements of . 5.1.4

53、 Hooks Forged steel lifting hooks with latch shall comply with prEN 1677-2. Hooks not covered by these standards shall comply with . NOTE. The details of forged steel self-locking hooks are contained in prEN 1677-3, which is in the course of preparation. 5.2 Design and construction 5.2.

54、1 Slings assembled with mechanical joining devices 5.2.1.1 The assembly of the sling shall be undertaken in accordance with the chain manufacturer's instructions. 5.2.1.2 Slings shall be so designed and manufactured that when assembled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, the

55、unintentional disconnection of any component part cannot occur. 5.2.1.3 Pear-shaped links shall only be used if they have an integral joining device. 5.2.1.4 Assembled mechanical joining devices shall have a working load limit not less than that of the chain(s) to which they are connected in

56、 a chain sling. 5.2.1.5 The component parts of the chain sling shall comply with the requirements of 5.1 except in respect of joining and intermediate links. 5.2.2 Slings assembled by welding 5.2.2.1 Pear-shaped links shall not be used as terminals. 5.2.2.2 Joining links and intermediate l

57、inks shall have a working load limit not less than that of the chain(s) to which they are connected in a chain sling. 5.2.2.3 The dimensions of joining links and intermediate links shall be such as to ensure adequate articulation with parts of the chain sling which they connect. 5.2.2.4 The

58、component parts of the sling shall comply with the requirements of . 5.2.3 Endless slings The manufacture of an endless sling shall be either by the use of: a) a mechanical joining device; or b) a welded joining link of the same size or one size larger than the nominal size of chain. 5

59、.2.4 Tolerance on length 5.2.4.1 When constructing a sling the actual length of each leg shall be the nominal length with a tolerance of +2 chain link pitches. 0 5.2.4.2 When constructing a multi-leg sling, the difference in length between the longest and shortest legs which are nominally

60、 the same length shall, when measured under equivalent tension, comply with the value given in table 2. 5.3 Working load rating 5.3.1 Single-leg slings Single-leg slings shall be rated at a working load limit in accordance with table 3. 5.3.2 Multi-leg slings Multi-leg slings shall be ra

61、ted for symmetrically distributed loads only, and in accordance with table 3. Each sling shall have a single working load limit for the range of angles from 0ê up to and including 45ê to the vertical or additionally a working load limit for the range of angles from 45ê up to and including 60ê

62、 to the vertical. NOTE 1. An alternative method for rating and marking of slings when not for use in general service is given in annex A. NOTE 2. For rating of slings with asymmetrically distributed loads see prEN 818-6. 5.3.3 Endless slings Endless slings shall be rated for choke-hitch on

63、ly and be in accordance with table 3. 6 Verification of safety requirements 6.1 Manufacturing proof force 6.1.1 General Unless b applies, assembled slings with accessories shall be subjected to a manufacturing proof force test. Each individual section of a sling . MPF1, MPF2, MPF3 and MP

64、F4 in figure 6) shall be subjected to a force at least equal to 2,5 times its working load limit in accordance with . Table 2. Tolerance on length Multiple leg slings Type of sling Difference in length between the longest and shortest legs Nominal lengths up to and including 2 m Nominal

65、 lengths over 2 m Joined by mechanical devices 10 mm max. 5 mm/m Assembled by welding 6 mm max. 3 mm/m Table 3. Working load limits Nominal size of sling mm Working load limits, t, for Single-leg slings Two leg slings

66、 Three- and four-leg slings Endless slings in choke hitch 0ê < b # 45ê 45ê < b # 60ê 0ê < b # 45ê 45ê < b # 60ê Factor 1,4 Factor 1,0 Factor 2,1 Factor 1,5 Factor 1,6 4 5 6 7 8 10 13 16 18 19 20 22 23 25 26 28 32 36 40 45 0,5 0,8 1,12 1,5 2 3,15 5,3 8 10 11,2 12,5 15 16 20 21,2 25 31,5 40 50 63 0,71 1,12 1,6 2,12 2,8 4,25 7,5 11,2 14 16 17 21,2 23,6 28 30 33,5 45 56 71 90 0,5 0,8 1,12 1,5