bs英國標準】bs en 14272000 methods of test for petroleum and its products. bitumen and bituminous binders. determination of softening point

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1、 BRITISH STANDARD Methods of test for petroleum and its products D BS 2000-58: Bitumen and bituminous binders D Determination of softening point D Ring and Ball method (Identical with IP 58-2000) The European Standard EN 1427:1999 has the stat

2、us of a British Standard ICS 75.140; | BS EN 1427:2000 | | | | | | BS 2000-58:2000 | | | | | Incorporating | Corrigendum No. 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

3、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Oct 31 07:22:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr

4、olled Copy, (c) BSI NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS EN 1427:2000 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1427:1999. It supersedes BS 2000-58:1993, which is withdrawn. The UK participat

5、ion in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/13, Petroleum testing and terminology, which has the responsibility to: D aid enquirers to understand the text; D present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and k

6、eep the UK interests informed; D monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. The Institute of Petroleum publishes and sells all parts of BS 2000,

7、 and all BS EN petroleum test methods that would be part of BS 2000, both in its annual publication aStandard methods for analysis and testing of petroleum and related products and British Standard 2000 partso and individually. Further information is available from: The Institute of Petrol

8、eum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR. Tel: 020 7467 7100. Fax: 020 7255 1472. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled aInternat

9、ional Standards Correspondence Indexo, or by using the aFindo facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance w

10、ith a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 13 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates whe

11、n the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Oct 31 07:22:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Amd. No. Date Comments 13371 Corrigendum No. 1 11 September 2001 Addition of supersession details This British Standard, having

12、 been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 July 2000 Institute of Petroleum and BSI 11 September 2001 ISBN 0 580 36030 X Amendments issued si

13、nce publication EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPéENNE EUROP?ISCHE NORM EN 1427 October 1999 ICS; English version Bitumen and bituminous binders – Determination of softening point – Ring and Ball method Bitumes et liants bitumineux – Détermination de la températ

14、ure de ramollissement – Méthode Bille et Anneau Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel – Bestimmung des Erweichungspunktes – Ring- und Kugel-Verfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 September 1999. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulation

15、s which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This Euro

16、pean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the n

17、ational standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STAND

18、ARDIZATION C O M I Té EUR O P éEN DE NOR M A L I S A TI ON EUR O P ? I S C H ES KOM I TEE F ü R NOR M UNG Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Oct 31 07:22:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ?

19、1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1427:1999 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Oct 31 07:22:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Foreword This European Standard has been prepa

20、red by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19, Petroleum products, lubricants and related products, the Secretariat of which is held by NNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2000,

21、and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2000. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,

22、France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Annex A is normative. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Oct 31 07:22:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1 Scope This

23、European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the softening point of bitumen and bituminous binders, in the range 30 °C to 150 °C. NOTE: The method described is also applicable to bituminous binders which have been recovered from bituminous mixes,. by extraction. WARNING The

24、use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the a

25、pplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafte

26、r. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 58, Sampling bituminous binders.

27、 EN 12594, Bitumen and bituminous binders – Preparation of test samples. prEN 12597:1996, Bitumen and bituminous binders – Terminology. EN 22592, Petroleum products – Determination of flash and fire points – Cleveland open cup method (ISO 2592:1973). EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical labo

28、ratory use – Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987). 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the definitions given in prEN 12597:1996 and the following apply. 3.1 softening point temperature at which material under standardized test conditions atta

29、ins a specific consistency Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Oct 31 07:22:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 Principle Two horizontal discs of bituminous binder, cast in shouldered brass rings, are heated at a controlled rate in a liquid bath while each supports a

30、 steel ball. The softening point is reported as the mean of the temperatures at which the two discs soften enough to allow each ball, enveloped in bituminous binder, to fall a distance of 25,0 mm 0,4 mm. 5 Reagents and materials 5.1 General Use only reagents of recognized analytical

31、grade and water conforming to grade 3 of EN ISO 3696 unless otherwise specified. 5.2 Bath liquid 5.2.1 Freshly boiled distilled water, or deionized water. NOTE: The use of freshly boiled distilled water or deionized water is essential to avoid trapping air bubbles on the surface of the te

32、st sample which affects the results. 5.2.2 Glycerol, density 1 250 kg/m3 10 kg/m3 at 20 °C, 99 % (m/m) purity. WARNING Glycerol has a flash point of 160 °C, measured in accordance with EN 22592. 5.3 Release agent, mixture of glycerol and dextrin or mineral talc, or other commercially

33、available release agent NOTE: To prevent adhesion of bituminous binder to the pouring plate when casting discs, the surface of the metal pouring plate should be thinly coated just before use with the release agent. Applying the release agent coating is easier when the plate is warmed to approxim

34、ately 40 °C. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Ring and ball apparatus, either manual, semi-automatic or automatic, comprising the elements given in 6.1.1 to 6.1.9. 6.1.1 Rings, two, square-shouldered, in brass and conforming to the dimensions shown in Figure 1. 6.1.2 Pouring plate, flat, smooth, met

35、al, approximately 50 mm 75 mm and 1,5 mm to 2,0 mm thick with edges turned down (see Figure 2). 6.1.3 Balls, two, 9,50 mm ± 0,05 mm in diameter, each having a mass of 3,50 g ± 0,05 g. 6.1.4 Ball-centring guides, brass, two for centring the steel balls, one for each ring. NOTE: As a

36、n example, Figure 3 shows an apparatus of which general shape and dimensions have been found suitable. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Oct 31 07:22:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6.1.5 Ring holder and assembly, brass holder (A) to support the two rings in a horiz

37、ontal position, conforming to the shape and dimensions shown in Figure 4, supported in the assembly shown in Figure 5. The bottom of the shouldered rings in the ring holder shall be 25,0 mm 0,4 mm above the upper surface of the bottom plate (B) (see Figure 6); the upper edge of the rings shall b

38、e 50 mm 3 mm below the surface of the bath liquid. NOTE: In a laboratory where many samples are tested, it may be found advantageous to use a circular ring holder carrying up to six test sample rings. The distance of the rings from the centre is not necessarily the same as in the standard two

39、 ring holder, but extended tests with such an instrument have shown that it gives results in sufficient practical agreement with those using the standard two ring instrument to warrant its use but for routine operations only. 6.1.6 Bath, glass beaker capable of being heated, not less than 85 mm i

40、nside diameter and not less than 120 mm depth from the bottom of the beaker as shown in Figure 5. NOTE: A squat form 600 ml beaker is suitable. Thermometers 6.1.7.1 Thermometers, as specified in annex A. 6.1.7.2 The appropriate thermometer shall be suspended in the assembly as shown

41、in Figure 5 so that the bottom of the bulb is level with the bottom of the rings and within 13 mm of the rings, but not touching the rings or the ring holder. Other temperature measuring devices may be used instead of mercury stem thermometers. However, the mercury stem thermometer is the referen

42、ce device and any alternative device employed shall be calibrated so as to provide the same readings as a mercury stem thermometer, recognizing and allowing for changed thermal response times compared with the mercury thermometer. NOTE: For the method described, in which increasing temperatures

43、are read during the test procedure, documented corrections should be determined in advance and applied to the observed readings. Stirrer, propeller stirrer which operates smoothly or a magnetic stirrer/hot plate with a suitably coated stirring bar of length approximately 40 mm and diameter 8 mm

44、to ensure uniform heat distribution throughout the bath. The stirrer shall be placed such that it does not disturb the samples when the test is in operation. The rotation speed of the stirring bar shall be approximately 100 min 1. NOTE: The stirrer blade of the propeller stirrer should preferab

45、ly be placed at a level between the bottom plate of the ring holder and the bottom of the beaker (see Figure 5). WARNING If the propeller stirrer is electrically driven, ensure that it is safely earthed. 6.1.9 Semi-automatic or automatic equipment, instead of the apparatus described in 6.1.1

46、 to 6.1.8, a semi-automatic or automatic apparatus may be used after it has been calibrated. The results obtained shall be the same as with the manual method and shall be within the precision of the manual method. If automatic equipment is used, it shall be calibrated as frequently as necessary, but

47、 at least once a year. In case of dispute, the referee method shall be the manual one with the apparatus as shown in Figure 5. NOTE: When using automatic apparatus, it is possible for the ball to trigger the interruption of a ray of light at a distance of 25,0 mm 0,4 mm below the underside of

48、 the ring, rather than the ball touching the bottom plate. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue Oct 31 07:22:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 7 Preparation and preservation of laboratory samples and test samples Take the laboratory sample in accordance with EN 58, ta

49、king all necessary safety precautions and ensuring that the test sample is representative of the laboratory sample from which it is taken. Prepare the test sample in accordance with EN 12594. NOTE: For modified bitumen the quantity of sample should be adjusted to fill four rings in case the test

50、 has to be repeated (see note to 8.6). Heat the two brass rings, but not the pouring plate, to approximately 90 °C above the expected softening point and place them on the pouring plate treated with the release agent (see note to 5.3). Pour a slight excess of the heated bituminous binder into

51、each of the rings, and then allow the specimens to cool in ambient air for at least 30 min. For materials that are soft at room temperature, cool the test sample for at least 30 min at an air temperature at least 10 °C below the expected softening point. Not more than 4 h shall elapse until completi

52、on of the test from the time the test samples are poured. When the test samples have cooled, cut away the excess bituminous binder cleanly with a warmed knife or blade, so that each test sample is flush and level with the top of its ring. 8 Procedure and reporting 8.1 For routine tests,

53、 select the bath liquid and thermometer appropriate for the expected softening point, as follows. a) For softening points between 30 °C and 80 °C, use freshly boiled distilled or deionized water. Use a thermometer with subdivisions of 0,2 °C. The initial bath temperature shall be 5 °C ± 1 °C.

54、 b) For softening points above 80 °C and up to 150 °C, use glycerol. Use a thermometer with subdivisions of 0,5 °C. The initial bath temperature shall be 30 °C ± 1 °C. For referee purposes, all softening points of 80 °C or less shall be determined in a water bath. Softening points above 80 °C

55、up to 150 °C shall be determined in a glycerol bath. 8.2 Assemble the apparatus with the test sample rings, ball-centring guides, and thermometer in position, and fill the bath so that the surface of the bath liquid is 50 mm ± 3 mm above the upper edge of the rings. Using forceps, place the two

56、 steel balls in the bath or in a separate container at 5 °C. Ensure that the balls have the same temperature as the rest of the assembly. 8.3 Place the bath in ice water to cool to 5 °C ± 1 °C (where water is the bath liquid), or gently heat to 30 °C ± 1 °C (where glycerol is the bath liquid) to

57、 establish the correct initial bath temperature and maintain at this temperature for 15 min with the apparatus in place. Take care not to contaminate the bath liquid with any material which could affect the results. 8.4 Using forceps, place a ball in each ball-centring guide. 8.5 Stir the bath

58、 liquid and heat from below so that the temperature rises at a uniform rate of 5 °C/min (see note). Protect the bath from draughts, using shields if necessary. Do not average the rate of temperature rise over the test period. The maximum permissible Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Tue

59、 Oct 31 07:22:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI variation for any 1 min period after the first 3 min shall be ±0,5 °C. Over the whole range of the measurements the temperature deviation shall be less than ±1 °C. Reject any test in which the rate of temperature rise does not fall withi

60、n these limits. NOTE: Rigid adherence to the specified heating rate is essential to reproducibility of results. Either a gas burner or electric heater can be used. If a gas burner is used it should be protected from draughts using shields. The electrical heater should be the low-lag, variable ou

61、tput type to maintain the prescribed rate of heating. 8.6 Record for each ring and ball the temperature indicated by the thermometer at the instant the bituminous binder surrounding the ball touches the bottom plate if the manual method is used, or interrupts the ray of light if the semi-automati

62、c or automatic apparatus is used. Do not apply a correction for the emergent stem of the thermometer. If the difference between the two temperatures exceeds 1 °C for softening points below 80 °C or exceeds 2 °C for softening points above 80 °C, repeat the test. For modified bitumen repeat the t

63、est if: a) the difference between the two temperatures exceeds 2 °C; b) the ball breaks the surrounding film before touching the bottom plate (or interrupting the ray of light) or if partial detachment of bitumen from the ball is observed. 8.7 Report the results as follows. NOTE The softeni

64、ng point of a given bitumen determined in a water bath is approximately 4 °C lower than the softening point of the same bitumen determined in a glycerol bath. Consequently changing from water to glycerol for determinations above 80 °C can create a discontinuity leading to an ambiguity. For example,

65、a bitumen having a softening point of 78 °C determined in water can be expected to give value of 82 °C if determined in glycerol. It is therefore highly recommended to define arbitrary protocols for tests giving results around 80 °C. Such protocols are defined in 8.7.1 and. In these clauses 'soften

66、ing points results' refers to the mean or corrected mean of the two test temperatures determined according to 8.6. 8.7.1 Softening points results from 30 °C to 80 °C determined in a water bath. Report the result obtained. 8.7.2 Softening point results above 80 °C determined in a water bath. Reject the result as invalid and repeat the result in a glycerol bath. 8.7.3 Softening points results of 84 °C and below determined in a glycerol bath. Repeat the determination in a water bath. If t