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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN
13864:2004
Surfaces for sports areas — Determination of tensile strength of synthetic yarns
The European Standard EN 13864:2004 has the status of a
British Standard
ICS 97.
2、150; 97.220.10
BS EN 13864:2004
National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of
EN 13864:2004.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Com
3、mittee
PRI/57, Surfaces for sports areas, which has the responsibility to:
— aid enquirers to understand the text;
— present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
— monitor relat
4、ed international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document
5、 may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of
British Standards Online.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
6、 Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 9 and a ba
7、ck cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.
Amd. No.
Date
Comments
This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on
14 July 2004
?
8、BSI 14 July 2004
ISBN 0 580 44089 3
Amendments issued since publication
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPéENNE
EUROP?ISCHE NORM
EN 13864
July 2004
ICS;
English version
Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of tensile strength of synthetic yarns
Sol
9、s sportifs - Détermination de la résistance à la traction des fibres synthétiques
Sportb?den - Bestimmung der Zugfestigkeit von synthetischen Garnen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 May 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
10、stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Sta
11、ndard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national
12、standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
13、
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C OM I Té EUR OP éEN DE NOR M AL I S ATI ON EUR OP ?I S C HES KOM I TEE F üR NOR M UNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
? 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in a
14、ny form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
Ref. No. EN 13864:2004: E
Contents
Page
Foreword.........................................................................................................................................................
15、.....3
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................
16、....................4
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................4
4 Principle ...............................................................................................................
17、...................................5
5 Apparatus and materials .......................................................................................................................5
5.1 Means of measuring tensile strength ........................................................................
18、..........................5
5.2 Means of measuring linear density of the pile....................................................................................6
5.3 Means of measuring width and thickness of test pieces ..................................................................6
5.4 Mate
19、rial ...................................................................................................................................................6
6 Sampling and preparation of test pieces ............................................................................................6
6.1 Sa
20、mpling .................................................................................................................................................6
6.2 Preparation of test pieces ..................................................................................................................
21、...6
6.3 Conditioning and test conditions.........................................................................................................7
7 Procedure ........................................................................................................................................
22、.......7
8 Calculation and expression of results.................................................................................................7
9 Test report .....................................................................................................................................
23、.........8
Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................................9
Foreword
This document (EN 13864:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 217 “Sur
24、faces for sports areas”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the late
25、st by January 2005.
This standard is based on ISO 2062 and ISO 5079, noting that synthetic turf fibres are not 'classical' fibres and therefore have to be treated as both textile as well as plastics products.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizatio
26、ns of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia
27、, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This European Standard describes two methods for the determination of the tensile properties of pile yarns in the construction of synthetic turf. Method A is used for determining the tensile properties of synthetic yarns taken
28、from packages prior to the manufacture of synthetic turf. Method B is used for determining the tensile properties of pile yarns from the manufactured synthetic turf. The results from the two methods are not comparable and method B is less accurate.
2 Normative references
The following refe
29、renced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 2062:1995, Textiles – Yarns from packages – Deter
30、mination of single-end breaking force and elongation at break (ISO 2062:1993)
EN ISO 5079:1995, Textiles - Fibres – Determination of breaking force and elongation at break of individual fibres (ISO 5079:1995)
ISO 5893, Rubber and plastics test equipment – Tensile, flexural and compression
31、 types (constant rate of traverse) – Specification
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 2062:1995, EN ISO
5079:1995 and the following apply.
3.1 package
length of yarn in a form suitable for use, handling or stor
32、age
initial length
length of a test piece under specified pre-tension, at the beginning of a test
NOTE For a tensile test, the initial length is measured between the two effective clamping points and is expressed in millimetres.
breaking force
maximum force applied to a test piece car
33、ried to rupture during a tensile test under specified conditions
NOTE 1 See A1 in Figure 1
NOTE 2 The breaking force is expressed in Newtons (N) or centiNewtons (cN)
Force
A
A1
B1 B
A2 B2
Elongation
Figure 1 — Typical force/elongation curve
34、
elongation at break
elongation of a test piece produced by the breaking force, expressed as a percentage of the initial length
NOTE See A2 in Figure 1
pre-tension
tension applied to a test piece at the beginning of the tensile test
gauge length (type A test pieces)
distance betwee
35、n the two effective clamping points of a testing device
gauge length (type B test pieces)
distance between the margin points of gluing between the plastic sheets
breaking tenacity
ratio of a yarn's breaking force to its linear density
NOTE The breaking tenacity is usually expresse
36、d in centiNewtons per tex (cN/tex)
4 Principle
A test piece of synthetic yarn of a given length is subjected to a tensile stress, transmitted to it by means of a suitable device. A stress-strain (or force-elongation) curve is plotted, from which a number of parameters are deduced.
37、5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Means of measuring tensile strength
5.1.1 Tensile strength apparatus, in accordance with ISO 5893, having an accuracy in accordance with grade A of ISO 5893, providing suitable clamps for gripping individual fibres at the required initial length, a
means
38、for stretching the fibre to rupture at constant speed of testing and a means of recording the force applied to the fibre and the corresponding elongation.
5.1.2 Clamps and jaws, to grip individual fibres at the required initial length and prevent slipping or cutting of the specimens or breaks at
39、the jaws.
NOTE Satisfactory gripping can be accomplished by a number of means. Pneumatic clamps and jaws for plastics material with flat-faced unlined metal surfaces or those with a wavy-profiled cross section have proved suitable. If these cannot prevent slippage, lined jaws can be used.
5.
40、1.3 Elongation measuring device, either an extensometer having a contact edge made of elastomeric material in order to prevent damage to the fibre, measuring to an accuracy of 0,2 mm for method A on gauge lengths of 250 mm or to an accuracy of 1% for all other tests, e.g. method B on short gauge len
41、gths, and applied to the plastics sheets for method B tests to ensure a minimum gauge length of at least 15 mm, or an optical measuring device that measures to at least the same accuracy.
5.2 Means of measuring linear density of the pile
5.2.1 Rule, measuring length to within 1 mm for measurem
42、ents on yarns from packages or a calliper measuring to within 0,1 mm for measurements on piles pulled out of a carpet.
5.2.2 Analytical balance, measuring mass to within 0,1 mg.
5.3 Means of measuring width and thickness of test pieces
5.3.1 Dial gauge, for measuring pile thickness to wit
43、hin 1 μm.
5.3.2 Optical means of measuring pile width to within 50 μm.
5.4 Material
For tests of type B, glue and plastics sheets, to attach the ends of short piles pulled out from a carpet between the jaws.
6 Sampling and preparation of test pieces
6.1 Sampling
6.1.1 Sampling
44、from yarns from packages (Method A)
The sampling regime shall be agreed between the interested parties, taking into consideration EN ISO 2062.
6.1.2 Sampling from a manufactured synthetic turf (Method B)
For test pieces to be taken from a manufactured synthetic turf, a piece of the turf, of
45、 at least 0,5 m2, shall be taken, if no specific sampling is required.
6.2 Preparation of test pieces
6.2.1 General
A sufficient number of test pieces shall be prepared to obtain a minimum of ten valid results (see 7.6).
All test pieces (but especially those of type B) shall be assessed
46、visually before testing, in case of dispute, using optical instruments (e.g. a magnifier or microscope) in order to reject samples which are already damaged.
Glue test pieces of type B that have a length less than 75 mm onto plastic sheets before testing and mark the margin points of gluing
47、 in order to measure the gauge length.
6.2.2 Dimensions
For test pieces of type A, test pieces taken from a package of yarn shall be long enough to obtain a gauge length of 250 mm.
NOTE The total length depends on the kind of gripping by the jaws.
For test pieces of type B, the gauge len
48、gth of test pieces taken from piles of carpets shall be as long as possible but no less than 15 mm.
6.3 Conditioning and test conditions
Conditioning and testing shall be carried out at a temperature of (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity. Test pieces shall be conditioned for at least
49、 24 h before testing.
7 Procedure
7.1 For method A, measure the linear density of the test piece by recording its length, to the nearest
0,1 mm, and mass to the nearest 0,1 mg.
For method B, measure the width and the thickness of the pile.
7.2 Programme the tensile strength apparatus (5
50、.1) using the specified parameters.
7.3 Mount the test piece in the clamps of the testing machine. Ensure that the filament lies flat and along the axis of extension of the machine. Subject the test piece to a pre-tension of (0,5 ± 0,1) cN/tex.
NOTE 1 This is equivalent to a pre-force of 5 N
51、 for a standard turf pile material of 1000 tex. Such a pre-tension is carried out in order to remove crimp from the test piece.
To check that a type A test piece does not slip between the jaws, mark the ends of the specimen at the margin in contact with the jaws.
NOTE 2 A suitable pen the col
52、our of which does not affect the fibre is recommended for this purpose.
7.4 Measure the initial gauge length to the nearest 0,5 mm for type A or the nearest 0,2 mm for type B test pieces.
7.5 Perform tensile tests at a speed of testing equivalent to 50% of the gauge length of the test piece pe
53、r minute.
NOTE This corresponds to a speed of testing of 125 mm/min for 250 mm gauge length test pieces of type A.
7.6 During the test, check that the test piece does not slip between the jaws. Disregard the results of tests where slippage occurs. Also disregard results of tests where breaks
54、occur within 5 mm from the jaws. Carry out a sufficient number of tests to obtain at least 10 valid results.
8 Calculation and expression of results
8.1 The elongation at break is given by
ε = ?l × 100
l0
(1)
where
ε is the elongation at break, in % (see 3.4);
?l
55、 is the change in length, in millimetres;
l0 is the gauge length, in millimetres (see ).
8.2 Calculate the individual values and arithmetic mean of the following properties:
a) linear density for method A or the cross section for method B;
b) breaking force;
c) elongation at br
56、eaking force.
For method A, calculate the individual values of the breaking tenacity (see 3.8) using the individual values of
Fmax (see figure 1) and the arithmetic mean of linear density. Express the breaking tenacity in to the nearest
0,01 cN/tex.
For method B, calculate the individua
57、l values of the breaking tenacity (see 3.8) using the individual values of Fmax (see figure 1) and the arithmetic mean of the cross section. Express the breaking tenacity in to the nearest 0,01 N/mm2.
9 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) ref
58、erence to this European Standard, i.e. EN 13864:2004;
b) method used (A or B);
c) complete identification of the product tested, including type, source, colour, manufacturer's reference and previous history;
d) date of sampling or delivery;
e) number of test pieces tested and num
59、ber of test pieces disregarded;
f) speed of testing;
g) date of the test;
h) individual values, and mean values of:
1) linear density, expressed in tex, to three significant figures for method A and two significant figures for method B;
2) breaking force, expressed in Newtons, to
60、the nearest 0,1 N;
3) elongation at break, expressed in %, to two significant figures;
4) breaking tenacity, expressed either in cN/tex, to the nearest 0,1 cN/tex or in N/mm2 to the nearest 0,1
N/mm2
Bibliography
EN ISO 291, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning a
61、nd testing
BS EN
13864:2004
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bs英國標準】bs en 13864 surfaces for sports areasdetermination of tensile strength of synthetic yarns
