bs英國標準】bs en 4501995 fly ash for concretedefinitions, requirements and quality control

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1、 國內外標準 大全 豆丁網國內外標準下載地址 kmust1 Licensed Copy: Tsinghua User ., Tsinghua University Library, 18 February 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: Tsinghua User ., Tsinghua University Library, 18 February 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 450:1995

2、 Fly ash for concrete — Definitions, requirements and quality control The European Standard EN 450:1994 has the status of a British Standard UDC Committees responsible for this Br

3、itish Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/516, Cement and lime, to Subcommittee B/516/101, Pozzolanas, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Aggregate Construction Materials Industries British Cement Association Br

4、itish Precast Concrete Federation British Ready Mixed Concrete Association Cementitious Slag Makers’ Association Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of Transport Electricity Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Quality Ash Association

5、 Licensed Copy: Tsinghua User ., Tsinghua University Library, 18 February 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published

6、 under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 December 1995 ? BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/516/101 Draft for comment 91/11362 DC ISBN 0 580 24612 4  Amd. No. Date Comments

7、 Amendments issued since publication Licensed Copy: Tsinghua User ., Tsinghua University Library, 18 February 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 450 3 Nati

8、onal annex NA (informative) Comparison between BS 3892-1 and BS EN 450 8 National annex NB (normative) Requirements permitted to be specified on a national basis 9 List of references Inside back cover Licensed Copy: Tsinghua User ., Tsinghua University Library, 18 February 2005, Uncontrolled

9、 Copy, (c) BSI National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 450:1994 Fly ash for concrete — Definitions, requirements and quality control prepared under the authority of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This standard has been prepared a

10、s part of a package of standards harmonized within the member countries of CEN to support the essential requirements of the Construction Products Directive. The term “fly ash” used in this standard covers pulverized-fuel ash (pfa) which is the more precise term for fly ashes produced from electr

11、icity generating power stations burning pulverized hard coals and which has been in common use in the UK for many years. BS EN 450 does not supersede BS 3892-1 which remains in force and covers a processed material, as explained in the introduction of this standard. BS 3892-2:1984 is under revi

12、sion. This standard was drafted with the cooperation of the UK which proposed a requirement for different classes of ash each with specific applications in order to maintain the successful system of classification and use established under BS 3892 since 1965. This was not required or accepted b

13、y the majority of CEN member countries. However, the introduction to EN 450 acknowledges that the UK and Ireland require that ash, for use as a cementitious component in concrete, be processed in order to restrict variations in quality and to enhance performance in concrete. It further recogniz

14、es that the specific requirements for controlled properties which allow such processed ash to be used as a special component of cementitious systems in concrete are not included in EN 450. Pfa conforming to BS 3892-1 is subject to such processing. BS 5328-1 and BS 8110-1 refer to the use of oth

15、er fly ashes that do not conform to BS 3892-1 provided that satisfactory data on their use are available. Requirements in both BS EN 450 and BS 3892-1 are specified as characteristic values and conformity is assessed by means of a statistical procedure for continuous inspection operated by th

16、e ash producer (autocontrol). This includes the concept of “major defects” which are likely to reduce materially the usability of the ash for its intended purpose. In this respect both BS EN 450 and BS 3892-1 are based upon the text on conformity criteria given in the European Prestandard for cem

17、ent, ENV 197-1:1992. Subsequent draft revisions of this text have removed reference to major defects, referring instead to “l(fā)imit values” (upper and lower). The sum of the specified characteristic value and the corresponding major defect is the limit value for the particular property. The latter ter

18、m is used throughout National annex NA in which the main differences between BS EN 450 and BS 3892-1 are summarized. BS EN 450 makes reference in 3.2, and to certain items which are permitted to be fixed on a national basis. Normative National annex NB indicates how these clauses are to be inter

19、preted for the UK. Most ash produced in the UK would conform to BS EN 450 without further processing. Rules to allow ash conforming to BS EN 450 to be used in concrete produced in accordance with EN 206 are, however, still under development. Until such rules have been developed and agreed, users of

20、 ash conforming to BS EN 450 are advised that, for the specific use as part of the cement content in concrete, pfa is required by BS 5328 and BS 8110 to conform to BS 3892-1. In particular, BS 5328 requires that, when pfa is combined with a Portland cement in the concrete mixer to give a combinatio

21、n equivalent to a cement conforming to BS 6588 or BS 6610, the pfa conforms to BS 3892-1. Licensed Copy: Tsinghua User ., Tsinghua University Library, 18 February 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Cross-references Publications referred to Corresponding British Standard

22、 EN 196-1:1994 BS EN 196-1:1995 Methods of testing cement Part 1: Determination of strength EN 196-2:1994 BS EN 196-2:1995 Methods of testing cement Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement EN 196-3:1994 BS EN 196-3:1995 Methods of testing cement Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundn

23、ess EN 196-6:1989 BS EN 196-6:1992 Methods of testing cement Part 6: Determination of fineness EN 196-7:1989 BS EN 196-7:1992 Methods of testing cement Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement EN 196-21:1989 BS EN 196-21:1990 Methods of testing cement Part 21: Determinati

24、on of chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali content of cement ENV 197-1:1993 DD ENV 197-1:1995 Cement — Composition, specifications and conformity criteria Part 1: Common cements ENV 206:1990 DD ENV 206:1992 Concrete — Performance, production, placing and compliance criteria EN 451-1:1994 BS EN

25、451-1:1995 Method of testing fly ash Part 1: Determination of free calcium oxide content EN 451-2:1994 BS EN 451-2:1995 Method of testing fly ash Part 2: Determination of fineness by wet sieving. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. User

26、s of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, th

27、e EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. blank iv Licensed Copy: Tsinghua User ., Tsinghua Uni

28、versity Library, 18 February 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPéENNE EUROP?ISCHE NORM EN 450 September 1994 UDC Descriptors: Concrete, fly ash, definitions, specifications, chemical properties, physical properties, quality control, certificati

29、on English version Fly ash for concrete — Definitions, requirements and quality control Cendres volantes pour béton — Définitions, exigences et contr?le de qualité Flugasche für Beton — Definitionen, Anforderungen und Gütaüberwachung This European Standard

30、was approved by CEN on 1994-09-09. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning suc

31、h national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its

32、own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, S

33、weden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europ?isches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels Licensed Copy: Tsinghua User ., Tsinghua University Library, 18

34、February 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members  Ref. No. EN 450:1994 E Licensed Copy: Tsinghua User ., Tsinghua University Library, 18 February 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Foreword This European Standard was drawn up by the Techni

35、cal Committee CEN/TC 104, Concrete, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. The preparatory work was carried out by WG 4 of CEN/TC 104 since June 1988 in which the following countries participated: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden a

36、nd United Kingdom. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either

37、by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1995, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1995. It is supported by standards of the series EN 451 for test methods for determination of free calcium oxide content and of the finen

38、ess by sieve residue. No existing European Standard is superseded. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlan

39、ds, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Contents Page 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 type II addition 3 fly ash 3 reference cement 4 particle density 4 activity index 4 autocontrol 4 4 Requirements 4 General 4

40、 Chemical requirements 4 General 4 Loss on ignition 4 Chloride 4 Sulfuric anhydride 4 Free calcium oxide 4 Physical requirements 4 Fineness 4 Activity index 5 Soundness 5 Particle density 5 5 Packaging and marking 5 6 Quality control 5 Conformity

41、 criteria 5 Autocontrol 5 General 5 Sampling 5 Frequency of sampling and testing 6 Annex A (informative) Sampling plans 7 Introduction 7 Inspection of variables 7 Inspection by attributes 7 Table 1 — Major defects 6 Table 2 — Sampling and testing frequency 6 Ta

42、ble 3 — Acceptability constant kA (Pa = 10 %) 7 Table 4 — Acceptable number of defects ca 7 0 Introduction 3 Licensed Copy: Tsinghua User ., Tsinghua University Library, 18 February 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 0 Introduction The use of coal for electricity product

43、ion results in the generation of large quantities of fly ash. Different types of coal and the type of boiler used in this process produce different qualities of fly ash and some, especially those having pozzolanic properties, are used in concrete production. This European Standard gives requiremen

44、ts for the chemical and physical properties as well as quality control procedures for fly ashes which may be safely used as a pozzolanic addition for the production of cast-in-situ or prefabricated structural concrete. However, it is beyond the scope of this standard to specify provisions for t

45、he use of fly ash in concrete, for which reference should be made to ENV 206. Fly ash may before its use be subject to processing by classification or selection to increase its fineness and to improve other properties. Such is the case for example in the UK and Ireland which, in order to limit v

46、ariations in properties and to reduce water demand, have developed a low sieve residue fly ash for use as a special component of cementitious systems. The fineness of this ash is strictly controlled in order to maximize chemical activity and minimize the variability in properties, not only within

47、one source but also between different sources. Although such processed fly ash may conform to this standard, the additional requirements for fineness and reduction of water demand which allow this processed fly ash to be used specifically as a special component of cementitious systems in concrete

48、are not included in this standard. When using fly ashes complying with this standard, it should be noted that, apart from pozzolanic properties, other properties of fresh and hardened concrete, in particular the water requirement (lower or higher), the setting time (normally increased) and the earl

49、y age strength (relative reduction), may be affected. When relevant, such effects have to be considered in concrete mix design (see ENV 206). 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements for the properties of fly ash for use as a type II addition in cast-in-situ or prefabricated struct

50、ural concrete conforming to ENV 206. Fly ash for use in the manufacture of cements according to ENV 197-1 is outside the scope of this standard. Provisions governing the practical application of fly ash in the production of concrete, i.e. requirements concerning composition, mixing, placing, c

51、uring etc. of concrete containing fly ash are not part of this standard. As regards such provisions, reference should be made to ENV 206 or national standards for concrete. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications

52、. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For

53、 undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 196-1:1994, Methods of testing cement — Determination of strength. EN 196-2:1994, Methods of testing cement — Chemical analysis of cement. EN 196-3:1994, Methods of testing cement — Determination of setting time a

54、nd soundness. EN 196-6:1989, Methods of testing cement — Determination of fineness. EN 196-7:1989, Methods of testing cement — Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement. EN 196-21:1989, Methods of testing cement — Determination of chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali content of cement.

55、ENV 197-1:1992, Cement — Composition, specifications and conformity criteria — Part 1: Common cements. ENV 206:1989, Concrete — Performance, production, placing and compliance criteria. EN 451-1:1994, Methods of testing fly ash — Part 1: Determination of free calcium oxide content. EN 451-2:199

56、4, Methods of testing fly ash — Part 2: Determination of fineness by wet sieving. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply. The values appearing in the definitions below shall not form part of the criteria for assessing conformity. type II addition fi

57、nely divided inorganic, pozzolanic or latent hydraulic material that may be added to concrete in order to improve certain properties or to achieve special properties (see ENV 206) fly ash fine powder of mainly spherical, glassy particles, derived from burning of pulverized coal, which has pozz

58、olanic properties and consists essentially of SiO2 and Al2O3, the content of reactive SiO2, defined and determined as described in ENV 197-1, being at least 25 % by mass Licensed Copy: Tsinghua User ., Tsinghua University Library, 18 February 2005, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

59、fly ash is obtained by electrostatic or mechanical precipitation of dust-like particles from the flue gases or furnaces fired with pulverized anthracite or bituminous coal NOTE Fly ash obtained from firing with sub-bituminous coals may be accepted on a national basis provided that its total con

60、tent of CaO is less than 10 % by mass and that it complies with all other requirements of the present standard. reference cement selected brand of Portland cement of type CEM I, Strength Class 42,5, conforming to ENV 197-1 to be used for carrying out the tests needed to show compliance or non-co

61、mpliance with the requirements of and below reference cement is selected and fixed on a national basis and is further characterized by its fineness and contents of tricalcium aluminate and alkalis particle density average particle density of the fly ash, including voids inside the particle

62、s activity index ratio (in percent) of the compressive strength of standard mortar bars, prepared with 75 % reference cement plus 25 % fly ash by mass, to the compressive strength of standard mortar bars prepared with reference cement alone, when tested at the same age 3.6 autocontrol contin

63、uous statistical quality control of the fly ash based on the testing of samples taken by the producer or his agent at point(s) of release from the fly ash generating facility 4 Requirements General The chemical and physical requirements in and 4.3 are specified as characteristic values. Compl

64、iance with a characteristic value is assessed by means of a statistical quality control procedure as described in clause 6. NOTE The test methods prescribed in this standard are reference methods. Other methods may be used if a relationship between the results obtained by means of the reference

65、 method and those of the alternative method has been established. In case of a dispute, only the reference method shall be used. Fly ash shall be stored and transported to the purchaser in a dry condition, unless otherwise agreed. 4.2 Chemical requirements General The chemical composition sh

66、all be expressed as proportions by mass of dry ash (see for a method of obtaining a sample of dry fly ash). In addition to the chemical requirements specified below, a typical chemical composition of the dry fly ash, comprising the contents of silica (SiO2), aluminium oxide (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe2O3), and calcium oxide (CaO) as determined by the methods described in EN 196-2, shall be supplied to the purchaser upon request. Also the total content of alkalis determined by the method desc