中考英語(yǔ)命題研究 第二部分 語(yǔ)法專題突破篇 專題十 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 第二節(jié) 時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用（精講）試題1

第二節(jié)時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用,青海中考重難點(diǎn)突破【滿分點(diǎn)撥】一、時(shí)態(tài)的判斷根據(jù)青海近5年真題分析可以看出，初中階段需掌握六種基本時(shí)態(tài)。學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的判斷技巧來(lái)解題，如根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài)；利用上下文語(yǔ)意判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)；根據(jù)上下文已有的時(shí)態(tài)信息確定時(shí)態(tài)；在復(fù)合句中根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時(shí)態(tài)；固定句型與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系；根據(jù)特定動(dòng)詞與時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系；根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)中的“特殊”對(duì)策(如客觀真理等)?！痉椒ㄍ黄啤?根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)判斷時(shí)態(tài)在青海中考中主要體現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇和短文填詞題型中。now，at present，at the moment，these days，look，listen等標(biāo)志著現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；just now，ago，in 1980，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used to，last night/week/month /year(last系列)等標(biāo)志著一般過(guò)去時(shí)；at 1：00 last night，at that moment，this time yesterday等標(biāo)志著過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next week/month/year(next系列)等標(biāo)志著一般將來(lái)時(shí)；yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten years等標(biāo)志著現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；除了上面這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提示時(shí)態(tài)外，某些副詞也有這種作用，如：often，always，usually，never，seldom等表示頻率的副詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2利用上下文語(yǔ)意判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)如果一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子中既沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，也沒(méi)有可供判斷時(shí)態(tài)的上下文，那么就應(yīng)當(dāng)把這個(gè)句子翻譯成中文，利用我們的母語(yǔ)知識(shí)來(lái)判斷這個(gè)句子該用何種時(shí)態(tài)。3根據(jù)上下文已有的時(shí)態(tài)信息確定時(shí)態(tài)有些試題雖然看起來(lái)沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提示詞，也不是出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合句中，但是上下句的動(dòng)作存在著明顯的時(shí)間順序差距，因此可根據(jù)上下文已有的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)判斷本句所要選用的時(shí)態(tài)。4在復(fù)合句中根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時(shí)態(tài)主從復(fù)合句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的一致主要有以下幾種情況：“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句是由when，after，before，notuntil，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以及由if，unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間。5固定句型與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系在英語(yǔ)中，不少句型與一些動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用方面都存在著特定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，如：在“祈使句and/or陳述句”句型中，陳述句中用will表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。6根據(jù)特定動(dòng)詞與時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系在英語(yǔ)里有些動(dòng)詞與時(shí)態(tài)有著特定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，如see(看見)，hear(聽見)，find(找到)等詞的用法與上下文的時(shí)態(tài)有對(duì)應(yīng)的提示作用，如see sb.do/doing sth.，hear sb.do/doing sth。7根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)中的“特”對(duì)策(如客觀真理等)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理、格言或現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣行為時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的限制，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。二、常見易混時(shí)態(tài)辨析1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的易混辨析一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)長(zhǎng)期性、穩(wěn)定性；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是指現(xiàn)在此刻或現(xiàn)在這一時(shí)期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時(shí)性，不穩(wěn)定性。如：He usually gets up at six in the morning.(經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作)She is an English woman.(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài))We are working on the farm these days.(現(xiàn)在這期間的動(dòng)作，表示這幾天暫時(shí)在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上幫忙)Look！The boys are fighting.(現(xiàn)在此刻所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)注意：不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞，如：love，like，hate，care，know，understand，forget，remember，believe，want，agree，wish，mean等；表示存在的動(dòng)詞，如：be，lie(位于)等；表示一瞬間就發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：get，buy，end，receive等。如：I like English very much.(表示情感)我非常喜歡英語(yǔ)。Mexico lies to the south of Texas.(表示存在)墨西哥位于得克薩斯州的南邊。2一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的易混辨析兩者都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情。但一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情本身，不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，主要說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況。如：I opened the door just now.我剛才打開了門。(指剛才做了“開門”的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在門是否開著，并未說(shuō)明。)I have opened the door.我已經(jīng)把門打開了。(門現(xiàn)在還開著)3一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的易混辨析一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作結(jié)束了，側(cè)重于事實(shí)。而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性和未完成性。如：I wrote a letter to a friend last night.(信寫完了，強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí))I was writing a letter to a friend last night.(信不一定寫完，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)4表示“將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)”幾種形式的易混辨析在初中階段，我們學(xué)了will/shall動(dòng)詞原形，be going to動(dòng)詞原形，be doing以及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等四種形式表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)。will/shall表示單純的將來(lái)(即現(xiàn)在之后)。如：He will be back in a few days.(單純將來(lái))他幾天之后回來(lái)。注意：在含有if的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句要用will表示將來(lái)時(shí)。如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go climbing.如果明天不下雨，我們就去爬山。be going to動(dòng)詞原形，多用于口語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)事先的“打算；計(jì)劃”要做的事情或有某種跡象要發(fā)生的事情。如：What are you going to do this evening？你今晚準(zhǔn)備做什么？(打算)Look！There are so many clouds in the sky.Its going to rain，I think.看，天空烏云密布。我覺(jué)得是要下雨了。(有跡象要發(fā)生的事情)be doing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的將來(lái)，多與表示位移的動(dòng)詞come，go，arrive，leave，fly，start等連用。如：She is leaving for Beijing.她就要啟程去北京。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)，主要用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中或者用來(lái)表示按時(shí)刻表的規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：Ill tell him about it as soon as I see him.一見到他我就會(huì)告訴他這件事。My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.我的航班明天早上11點(diǎn)起飛。【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】( B )1.(2016連云港中考)Did Billy and Anna find a way out at last?Yes，they _ a plan and did it.Awere working outBworked outCare working out Dhave worked out( D )2.(2016河北中考)Just go down this road and you _ the library next to the bank.Asee BsawChave seen Dwill see( C )3.(2016哈爾濱中考)Could you tell me where you found Miss Gao just now?Certainly.In the principals office.They _ happily at that time.Aare talking Bhave talkedCwere talking( C )4.(2016上海中考)This medicine _ millions of peoples lives since it was put into use.Ais saving Bwill saveChas saved Dhad saved( B )5.(2016天津中考)What a nice watch！How long _ you _ it?For just two weeks.Awill；buy Bhave；hadCwere；having Ddid；buy( C )6.(2016重慶中考)I _ the History Museum twice.Ive learned a lot there.Avisit Bam visitingChave visited Dwill visit( B )7.(2016河北中考)Our team _ another point！I am sure well win the game.Awill get Bhas gotCis getting Dwas getting( B )8.(2016濟(jì)南中考)I think our teacher，Mrs.Allen，knows everything.I agree.Because she _ over 2 000 books.Aread Bhas readCreads Dis reading( C )9.His brother is a teacher.He_math at a school.AtaughtBhas taughtCteaches ( C )10.I hope Tim can come to my birthday party.Then we_a much happier time.AhaveBhadCwill have( C )11.I dont have time to discuss the plan.I _to an interview.Ago Bwent Cam going( B )12.(2016青海中考模擬)Hello，mom.Are you still on Lushan Mountain?Oh，no.We are back home.We_a really good journey.Ahave Bhad Care having( C )13.I dont remember when and where I_this umbrella.Abuy Bhave boughtCbought( C )14.Have you had your breakfast yet?Yes.Mom_it for me.Awas cooking Bis cookingCcooked( C )15.Why does Tony look unhappy?Because he_the chance to take part in the English contest.Amisses Bwas missingCmissed( C )16.(2015永州中考)Can you answer the door，Jim？I_the dishes.Ado BdidCam doing( C )17.I saw Mr.Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.Thats impossible.He_an English party with us then.Ahas BhadCwas having( B )18.The students_the Art Festival when I passed by their school.AcelebrateBwere celebratingCwill celebrate( B )19.Jenny_in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.Ais cookingBwas cookingCcooks( B )20.Sanya is a beautiful city.I_there twice.Ahave goneBhave beenChave gone to( C )21.I began watching here an hour ago，but now nothing_yet.AhappensBwill happenChas happened