高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 核心考點(diǎn)總動(dòng)員 專(zhuān)題45 短文改錯(cuò)（一）（含解析）

專(zhuān)題 45 短文改錯(cuò)（一）關(guān)鍵詞：語(yǔ)法,詞法,句法,邏輯,語(yǔ)境難度系數(shù)：推薦指數(shù)：【基礎(chǔ)回顧】考點(diǎn)歸納：高考短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)層次一般而言可依次分為詞法的測(cè)試、句法的測(cè)試和語(yǔ)篇的測(cè)試三個(gè)層面。考點(diǎn)層次越高，就越能測(cè)試出考生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。低層次的考點(diǎn)往往側(cè)重于語(yǔ)法方面的考查，而高層次的考點(diǎn)往往側(cè)重于考生對(duì)文章意義方面的理解?；A(chǔ)必讀：詞法改錯(cuò)2013-2015年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題考點(diǎn)層次的統(tǒng)計(jì)：考點(diǎn)層次201320142015詞法677詞法的測(cè)試包括：定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法；名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞的所有格；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等；人稱(chēng)代詞、人稱(chēng)代詞的格、物主代詞、指示代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞等的用法；介詞的搭配；并列連詞、從屬連詞的用法；形容詞、副詞的區(qū)別以及比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法；固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法?！?015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I】Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. 【2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I】Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 【解析】 onwith句意：隨著工業(yè)化的發(fā)展。短語(yǔ)搭配錯(cuò)誤。短語(yǔ)with the development of隨著的發(fā)展。【2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I】Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.【解析】been去掉 句意：許多研究表明。語(yǔ)態(tài)用法錯(cuò)誤。主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，這里不需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！窘馕觥縮eriouslyserious句意：全球變暖已經(jīng)成為嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。詞性用法錯(cuò)誤。修飾名詞，前面用形容詞修飾。【2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I】The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect our environment. 【解析】airsair 句意：我們呼吸的空氣變得越來(lái)越臟。名詞用法錯(cuò)誤。名詞air為不可數(shù)名詞。 【解析】muchmany句意：許多罕見(jiàn)的動(dòng)物已經(jīng)消失。名詞animal為可數(shù)名詞，故用many修飾。 【技能方法】解題方法技巧首先，通讀全文，了解文章體裁、主旨大意，把握全篇的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和行文邏輯。不同體裁的語(yǔ)篇具有不同的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和交際功能，主要體現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格和組句成篇的模式上。從語(yǔ)篇的模式上可以讀懂作者的思維模式，從而獲得對(duì)短文更好的理解和宏觀的把握。在通讀全文的過(guò)程中，先將容易的或明顯的錯(cuò)誤改好，從而為分行、分句的分析起到降低難度的作用。其次，逐句審讀、理解、分析，先易后難。有時(shí)孤立地讀一個(gè)句子時(shí)很難發(fā)現(xiàn)它的錯(cuò)誤，一旦將上下文聯(lián)系起來(lái)，問(wèn)題就會(huì)變得明了。從組成句子結(jié)構(gòu)的各方面逐句審查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞、主謂一致等方面是否有誤。句子結(jié)構(gòu)解題思路名詞、代詞檢查是否有數(shù)、格或指代不一致的錯(cuò)誤并列主語(yǔ)，從句、不定代詞、集合名詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、金錢(qián)等作主語(yǔ)及together with等引導(dǎo)的成分修飾主語(yǔ)檢查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否與主語(yǔ)保持一致固定短語(yǔ)、詞組檢查副詞、介詞、冠詞是否使用錯(cuò)誤平行結(jié)構(gòu)檢查是否有詞性和連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的詞和對(duì)等的結(jié)構(gòu)并列連詞錯(cuò)誤有比較結(jié)構(gòu)檢查是否有形容詞、副詞的級(jí)，程度副詞，比較的對(duì)象以及冠詞方面的錯(cuò)誤有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對(duì)比等結(jié)構(gòu)檢查是否有行文邏輯方面的錯(cuò)誤多重結(jié)構(gòu)句檢查是否有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞或成分短缺錯(cuò)誤有特殊動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)檢查是否有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或虛擬語(yǔ)氣方面的錯(cuò)誤非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)檢查是否非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致最后，關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)就是要再次細(xì)讀全文，按句法要求、詞類(lèi)規(guī)則，檢查所改的答案能否使全文語(yǔ)氣流暢，行文邏輯發(fā)展是否合乎情理，所做的標(biāo)記是否符合命題要求?！净A(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)】 I will share one experience with you. With the college Entrance Examination draw near, I was filled with great anxiety. However, I couldnt be absorbed in study, resulting from my failing in the examination. I got very discouraging. Just then ,my teacher, Miss Zhang, approached me and said, “In life we all have moments when we cant achieve what we want to. It is natural. Dont allow those moments to weaken you, and turn them into motivation to inspire yourself.” Her words were reminder that provided me with constant encouragement to smile at life. Consequently , I gained that I deserved. So it is an optimistic attitude which matters most of all. It gives you the confidence to deal with difficulties and to achieve what you want in your life.3. fromin考察介詞，句意：導(dǎo)致我考試不及格。result from由于；result in導(dǎo)致。故這里fromin。4.discouragingdiscouraged 考察形容詞，句意：我感到很沮喪。discouraging 令人沮喪的，使人泄氣的; 阻止的； discouraged泄氣的，沮喪的，灰心的；根據(jù)句意可知discouragingdiscouraged。5.去掉to 句意：在生活中，我們都有無(wú)法獲得我們想要東西的時(shí)刻。這里we cant achieve what we want。賓語(yǔ)從句what we want中，want是及物動(dòng)詞，不用to，故去掉to。6.and-but 考察連詞，句意：不要讓這樣的時(shí)刻削弱你，而是把它們變成激勵(lì)你的動(dòng)力。根據(jù)句意可知臉厚是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故and-but。7.yourselfyou 考察代詞，把它們變成激勵(lì)你的動(dòng)力；inspire you激勵(lì)你。故yourselfyou。8. reminder前加a 考察名詞，reminder是可數(shù)名詞，句意：她的話(huà)語(yǔ)是一個(gè)提醒。故這里在reminder前加a。9.thatwhat 考察賓語(yǔ)從句，句意：我獲得了我應(yīng)得的。賓語(yǔ)從句中deserve及物動(dòng)詞，需加賓語(yǔ)，故what I deserved.故這里thatwhat。10.which-that 考察強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，句意：樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度最重要。強(qiáng)調(diào) an optimistic attitude，故which-that?？键c(diǎn)：短文改錯(cuò)?！灸芰μ嵘?Last week, I went to camp with a friend. On the first day, I had a well time with her. We played some game and shared our funny life experience. The second night where my friend talked about her mom, it occurred to me the day was my mothers birthday. I almost forgot it. I wanted to send her mother the best wishes, but it is about 10 pm, and I thought it was too late. My friend said to me, “Though it is late, but it is necessary of you to give wishes.” So I called my mom and sent her my wishes. She was so happily, and I made a right decide.【解析】試題分析：本文講述上周末和一個(gè)朋友去野營(yíng)的經(jīng)過(guò)。1.well-good 固定詞組：have a good time玩的開(kāi)心，故把well-good。2.game-games 根據(jù)some可知名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故把game-games。3.where-when 此處The second night是先行詞，在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故把where-when。4.me the 加that 固定句式：It occurred to sb. that-，某人突然想起，故在me the 加that。5.her-my 句意：我想送我媽媽最好的祝愿。根據(jù)句意可知把her-my?！窘K極闖關(guān)】2016全國(guó)卷 假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)()，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)()劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線(xiàn)，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didnt seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 4. yourselfmyselfby oneself意為“獨(dú)自地，單獨(dú)地”，句子主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)I，因此yourself應(yīng)該改為myself。5. suchso句意：然而“我”的父母親好像不這么認(rèn)為。so作副詞，指剛剛提到過(guò)的內(nèi)容。6. telltold此文講述的是在“我”十幾歲時(shí)發(fā)生的情況，因此行文以一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主。故需將tell改為told。7. freelyfree作表語(yǔ)應(yīng)用形容詞形式。be free from意為“掙脫的束縛”。 8. wearwearing介詞by后需跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。9. toforleavefor意為“離開(kāi)去”。 10. whenever后加Iwhenever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)也應(yīng)該是I。