【機(jī)械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯】提高斗式提升機(jī)性能
【機(jī)械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯】提高斗式提升機(jī)性能,機(jī)械類畢業(yè)論文中英文對(duì)照文獻(xiàn)翻譯,機(jī)械類,畢業(yè)論文,中英文,對(duì)照,對(duì)比,比照,文獻(xiàn),翻譯,提高,提升,晉升,性能,機(jī)能
Dave Wolstencroft, Technical Manager, 4B Components, USA, explains how steel web elevator belt&SJ buckets enhance the performance of bucket elevator.
WORLD CEMENT May 2005
Introduction
Due to the demand for larger capacity, more efficient, and more cost effective elevators to carry industrial products such as cement, 4B components has researched, tested and supplied the industry for the last nine years with an integrated system of steel web belting, SJ buckets and elevator designs for compact industrial elevators.
The company has designed, developed and successfully introduced the Polysur Ferro steel reinforced elevator belt system and high capacity Starco Jumbo elevator buckets. These achieve high capacity at a comparatively lower cost than using chain or traditional belting with fabricated buckets.
Traditional systems
The majority of elevators have traditionally been installed with chain. This, however, can be very expensive and has immense maintenance implications after installation.
Chain bucket elevators usually have large casing dimensions, cumbersome elevator buckets, and they are pitched apart at quite a distance. Chain operates at a relatively low speed(1.3 m/s), due to frictional and noise problems, which has a net result of limiting the case size. Also, high strength, large construction chain, big motors, etc, are required on chain and bucket elevators.
All these factor contribute to an expensive elevator, not only in initial cost but in further maintenance cost, and costly downtime.
Large and cumbersome fabricated elevator buckets can also be used with belting. These are a very expensive option like chain, because they also take up a lot of volume within an elevator casing, and fabricated buckets are extremely costly compared to their pressed counterpart. As a result, the casing will also become large and more expensive.
SJ and steel web belt alternative
As an alternative to the established approach, 4B has developed a Ferro steel reinforced belting system, incorporating the unique SJ bucket design.
The Starco Jumbo and steel web belting can use multiple rows(one to four rows of three different sizes) of closely spaced, heavy-duty Jumbo seamless steel buckets with a purpose designed steel web system, and a high temperature elevator belt.
The elevator belt will wear significantly less than the chain alternative. This is mainly due to the smaller number of moving parts compared to the chain links and sprockets. The chain will experience continual friction between each part, thus causing constant wear, then eventually downtime.
The elevator buckets are pressed from 4 mm mild steel and will, therefore,have an extensive lifetime of use. A wearband, welded onto the front edge and sides of the buckets, is an option if the product is particularly abrasive. The buckets are designed to achieve very high capacities through their unique optimum design characteristics, these maximise bucket fill and will ease product release. The buckets are also designed in such a way that they can be spaced at very tight intervals, unlike the traditional system. The buckets can also bu used up to 2.3 m/s on the larger pulley diameters(which is still gravity discharge), which will enable high capacity. This all has a positive effect on the reduction of the casing size.
Tables 1 and 2 demonstrate the difference between chain and bucket, and the steel web belt and SJ buckets.
High capacity low maintenance system for industrial elevator
Compared to traditional chain and bucket elevators, Polysur Ferro steel web belt fitted with Starco Jumbo buckets offers:
l Up to double the elevator capacity.
l Throughputs up to 1300 thp and over.
l Much lower capital investment.
l Longer trouble free life.
l Reduced maintenance and spares cost.
l Opportunity to upgrade capacity of existing elevators.
The steel web belt has fewer friction and wear points compared to chain. The elevator belt has a constant operation temperature of 120℃. With peaks of 150℃, but also has very thick covers (usually 4 or 5 mm). This helps withstand the rigours of cement and other abrasive industrial products.
Due to the construction of the belt, it will have almost no stretch. In the past a fear associated with elevator belts was that the belt would stretch with initial sue. This will not happen with steel web belt, due to the special Ferro E-cords in the warp and weft.
4B can offer belt strength up to 2000 KN/m, which well cope with the toughest of applications. The belt is also guaranteed and can last for many years depending on application. All belts come with punched holes on application.
A special Allen key head bolt can be used to enable case of use and access into the holes of the belt by using and electric drill with an Allen key bit to screw the bolt through the belt.
Case studies
The company has successfully completed numerous elevator designs. It can offer free engineering design specifying the correct buckets, belting, bolts, case sized, motors, etc, in order that the bucket elevator manufacturers
can producethe optimum and most cost-effective elevator. The service can also be offered to the end users, such as cement plants, whereby their existing elevators can be changed over from chain and the capacity increased, even doubled.
In one instance an elevator did not reach the anticipated capacity of 180-200 tph and frequently lost buckets due to fixing bolts being pulled through the belt. The belts often mis-aligned, and the casing side was damaged by off-tracking belts.
A polysur Ferro belt was fitted for improved tracking. The belt speed and belt strength was increased. The fabricated buckets were replaced by the SJ 370 buckets at a reduced pitch to achieve the desired capacity of a minimum 200 thp (actually calculated as 285 tph ) [Figure 3]. Retrofit using-T130C belt 4+4 covers, SJ370-250(4 mm thick ) pressed steel buckets and M 12×50 Allen key DIN bolts with high temperature resistant locknuts, and a special aluminum clamp.
Another example is of an existing chain elevator in Australia that was upgraded from 120 tph cement, to 250 tph by retrofitting and installing one row of SJ470 buckets and using Ferro bet SW1000 4+4. The original 25 m high elevator had chain installed, and it was decided to change over to Ferro belt with SJ buckets to improve the performance and life.
提高斗式提升機(jī)性能
Dave Wolstencroft,美國4 B組件技術(shù)主管，解釋如何提高網(wǎng)狀提升帶與SJ斗式提升機(jī)的性能。
介紹：
由于大容量的需求,4 B組件公司對(duì)更加有效、以及更符合成本效益的用于工業(yè)產(chǎn)品如水泥的斗式提升機(jī)進(jìn)行了研究、測(cè)試并且在最后九年給工業(yè)領(lǐng)域提供了一個(gè)整合性的的鋼鐵網(wǎng)狀傳送帶系統(tǒng),SJ斗和設(shè)計(jì)緊湊的提升機(jī)。
公司已設(shè)計(jì),開發(fā)和成功地介紹了鐵磁Polysur鋼筋提升帶系統(tǒng)以及大容量的Starco提升斗。比起用鏈或傳統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)的斗，這些達(dá)到大容量的提升機(jī)成本很低。
傳統(tǒng)提升機(jī)系統(tǒng)：
大多數(shù)的提升機(jī)通常用鏈條安裝?？墒嵌己馨嘿F,而且對(duì)安裝后的維護(hù)也有巨大影響。
鏈條斗式提升機(jī)通常有大尺寸套管提升機(jī)和笨重的提升斗,他們?cè)诟糸_一定的距離下相互傾斜。鏈條在一個(gè)相對(duì)較低的速度(1.3米/秒)下運(yùn)作,由于摩擦和噪聲問題,使它的最終傳送量有大小限制。同時(shí),高強(qiáng)度、大構(gòu)造鏈條、大電機(jī)等,都需要有帶鏈和斗的提升機(jī)。所有這些因素使提升機(jī)不僅在初始投資成本,而且在進(jìn)一步的維修成本和停工期都很昂貴。
大型笨重的組合斗式提升機(jī)也可以用傳動(dòng)帶。比如鏈條是一個(gè)非常昂貴的選擇,因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谔嵘龣C(jī)套管占用了大量的體積,相對(duì)于其他加壓件，組合斗是非常昂貴的。其結(jié)果是,提升機(jī)套管會(huì)變得很大,并且更加昂貴。
SJ以及鋼網(wǎng)帶的選擇
作為一種對(duì)現(xiàn)有方法的替代，4B已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)鋼筋加固的帶狀系統(tǒng),并且包含了獨(dú)特的SJ斗的設(shè)計(jì)。（圖2）
Starco Jumbo以及鋼鐵網(wǎng)帶可以使用多列(一至四排有三種不同大小)排列緊密的形式,重型無縫鋼斗是以鋼鐵網(wǎng)帶系統(tǒng)、高溫提升帶為目的而設(shè)計(jì)的。
提升帶的選擇性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于鏈的選擇性。相比于鏈連接和鏈輪，主要是由于運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的數(shù)量較少。鏈條經(jīng)過連續(xù)各部件之間的摩擦,導(dǎo)致不斷磨損,最終將導(dǎo)致停機(jī)。
提升斗都是用4毫米低碳鋼軋制的,因此有很長(zhǎng)的使用壽命。如果產(chǎn)品是特別的磨具，可以選擇將耐磨件焊接到斗的前沿和各邊上,。通過獨(dú)特的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)這一特點(diǎn)，可以設(shè)計(jì)有很高容量的提升機(jī),這將使填充量最大化并且減緩產(chǎn)品的卸放。提升斗也可以這樣來設(shè)計(jì),即不像傳統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)，它們的間隔空間很緊。
提升斗也可以配有大直徑的滑輪，使其速度達(dá)到2.3米/秒(仍然是由重力釋放做功),這樣將提高容量。這些對(duì)套管尺寸的減少都有著積極的作用。
表格1和2論證了鏈?zhǔn)蕉?鋼網(wǎng)帶和SJ斗之間的差異。
高容量、低維修系統(tǒng)的工業(yè)提升機(jī)
比起傳統(tǒng)的鏈和斗式提升機(jī)、Polysur紹礦鋼網(wǎng)狀傳送帶配備了Starco Jumbo斗，其可以達(dá)到:
l 傳送能力加倍
l 吞吐量可達(dá)1300馬力或更大
l 超低的資本投入
l 故障將更少
l 減少了維修和停用費(fèi)用
l 對(duì)現(xiàn)有承載能力的提升機(jī)的升級(jí)將存在余地
相比于鏈條，鋼網(wǎng)帶摩擦很少且很耐磨。傳送帶有恒定的操作溫度，即120度，最高是150度，而且覆蓋物也很厚(通常是4 - 5毫米)。這有助于承受苛刻的水泥及其它磨料工業(yè)產(chǎn)品。
由于傳送帶的構(gòu)造,它將幾乎沒有彈性。在過去，傳送帶受拉后都可以回復(fù)到最初的彈性。由于特有的E-cords鐵磁諧振的縱橫連接，使得鋼網(wǎng)帶不會(huì)產(chǎn)生。
4 B可使帶強(qiáng)度高達(dá)2000 千牛/米,很好地應(yīng)付苛刻的應(yīng)用環(huán)境。根據(jù)于應(yīng)用條件，帶可以保證使用很多年。所有的帶在應(yīng)用中都會(huì)沖孔。
可以使特殊的六角扳手頭螺栓在一般情況下使用，使用電鉆來沖孔,使螺栓通過帶并用內(nèi)六角扳手扳緊。（如圖1）
案例分析
公司已經(jīng)成功地完成了多項(xiàng)提升機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)。它可以提供免費(fèi)的工程設(shè)計(jì)說明，恰當(dāng)?shù)亩?傳動(dòng)帶、螺栓、尺寸相當(dāng)?shù)南?電機(jī)等,以便斗式提升機(jī)制造商可以產(chǎn)生最佳和最具成本效益的提升機(jī)。也可以提供服務(wù)給用戶,如水泥廠,因此可以使他們現(xiàn)有的提升機(jī)可以從鏈條到容量都得到改變，使容量不斷增加,甚至翻倍。
在一個(gè)實(shí)例中，提升機(jī)沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期180 - 200桶的傳送能力,由于固定螺栓緊固在帶上，使斗經(jīng)常失去原有承載量。皮帶經(jīng)常不在一條直線上,由于側(cè)帶，使套管易損壞。
為了改進(jìn)帶的傳送軌跡，紹礦鋼帶很適合。帶速度和帶強(qiáng)度都相應(yīng)的得到了增加。在減少節(jié)距的前提下，SJ370斗替代了這種組裝斗，并且達(dá)到了預(yù)期的最低200的搭載的能力(實(shí)際的計(jì)算值為285 馬力)(圖3)。其要使用T130C改造帶4+4套、SJ370 - 250(4毫米厚)斗和M鋼沖壓斗以及12 × 50六角螺栓與耐高溫防松螺母以及一種特別的鋁質(zhì)夾具。
另一個(gè)例子是的澳大利亞一個(gè)現(xiàn)有的鏈?zhǔn)蕉罚浣?jīng)過改造、安裝SJ470斗和使用SW1000 4+4，提升量從120升級(jí)到了250 。原來的25米高的提升斗安裝有鏈,為了提高性能，其決定用SJ斗改換紹礦帶。
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