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南華大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目
離心式切片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目來(lái)源
自選課題
設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目類型
工程設(shè)計(jì)類
起止時(shí)間
2011.12.28-2012.5.30
一、 設(shè)計(jì)（論文）依據(jù)及研究意義：
隨著人們的生活水平越來(lái)越高，對(duì)一些莖塊作物的食用要求也越來(lái)越高。例如在食用土豆或一些薯類的時(shí)候要將其切成絲或片，因而離心式切片機(jī)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。但如果食物的需求量比較大，用手工進(jìn)行工作量比較大、效率低，而且切出來(lái)的食物（片、絲）大小不一。跟據(jù)需求量的大小，改變其設(shè)計(jì)的參數(shù)，可以設(shè)計(jì)出不同功率、不同形式的產(chǎn)品。此設(shè)計(jì)的切片機(jī)主要針對(duì)中小型場(chǎng)合，例如加工作坊、食堂、家庭等；針對(duì)一些莖塊的形狀而設(shè)計(jì)的，非常實(shí)用且效率較高。
二、 設(shè)計(jì)（論文）主要研究的內(nèi)容、預(yù)期目標(biāo)：（技術(shù)方案、路線）
本論文主要設(shè)計(jì)的方面包括：
1、 從切片機(jī)切料入口開始，根據(jù)切料的入料速度、入料量，計(jì)算出所需刀片的切力、扭矩等；
2、 再到安裝刀盤的軸、軸承、皮帶、皮帶輪的計(jì)算與選擇；
3、 根據(jù)刀片的速度扭矩經(jīng)過(guò)刀盤、軸、皮帶計(jì)算傳動(dòng)，計(jì)算出動(dòng)力所需的轉(zhuǎn)速及扭矩，從動(dòng)力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)里選出本設(shè)計(jì)所需要的動(dòng)力；
4、 設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)及外殼機(jī)架,能夠承受住動(dòng)力裝置、軸等零部件的轉(zhuǎn)速及扭矩；
5、 根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)的技術(shù)參數(shù)對(duì)所選動(dòng)力、皮帶、皮帶輪、軸、軸承及刀盤進(jìn)行校核。
三、 設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的研究重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：
在這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的整個(gè)構(gòu)思過(guò)程中，有以下要解決的問(wèn)題：
1、 傳動(dòng)過(guò)程的設(shè)計(jì)，其中包括軸、軸承的組合，皮帶及皮帶輪的組合；
2、 各零部件的安裝位置協(xié)調(diào)；
3、 整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的在工作狀態(tài)下是否會(huì)引起震動(dòng)與不穩(wěn)定。
設(shè)計(jì)的研究重點(diǎn)是：刀片的合理布置，高效率、穩(wěn)定工作。
設(shè)計(jì)的難點(diǎn)是：刀片將切料切好片后，如何讓其從刀盤上落到出料口。
四、 設(shè)計(jì)（論文）研究方法及步驟（進(jìn)度安排）：
2011.12.28 下達(dá)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書
2011.12.28～2012.1.13 查閱文獻(xiàn)資料，完成開題報(bào)告；
2012.1.14～2012.2.8 寒假期間參考相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)與資料查詢，翻譯外文資料；
2012.2.9～2012.2.15 傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)與整體結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定；
2012.2.16～2012.3.9 機(jī)構(gòu)三維造型設(shè)計(jì)粗步結(jié)構(gòu)；
2012.3.10～2012.3.23 根據(jù)相關(guān)資料進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算與校核；
2012.3.24～2012.4.18 根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)和相關(guān)資料完成設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書初稿；
2012.4.29～2012.5.18 進(jìn)行CAD圖紙的繪制；
2012.5.19～2012.5.30 完成設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書的撰寫與裝訂，CAD出圖，檢查說(shuō)明書和圖紙，準(zhǔn)備答辯。
五、 進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)（論文）所需條件：
這一次設(shè)計(jì)是大學(xué)四年來(lái)所學(xué)知識(shí)的檢驗(yàn)，是一次全面性的、系統(tǒng)性的設(shè)計(jì)，綜合了許多學(xué)科知識(shí)包括機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、材料、三維造型及仿真等知識(shí)；需要查閱的大量的文獻(xiàn)資料以及相類似的設(shè)計(jì)，綜合自己的想法來(lái)完成本設(shè)計(jì)；本設(shè)計(jì)需要運(yùn)用三維造型與仿真軟件solidworks進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與仿真模擬，為設(shè)計(jì)提供在設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)上的優(yōu)化；當(dāng)然還有許多的參考書及其他設(shè)計(jì)工具也是必不可少的。
六、 指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)：
簽 名： 年 月 日
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)任務(wù)書
學(xué) 院：
題 目： 離心式切片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)
起 止 時(shí) 間： 2011.12.28～2012.5.30
學(xué) 生 姓 名：
班 級(jí)：
指 導(dǎo) 老 師：
系 室 主 任：
院 長(zhǎng)：
2011 年 12 月 27 日
論文 (設(shè)計(jì)) 內(nèi)容及要求：
一、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）原始依據(jù)
隨著人們的生活水平越來(lái)越高，對(duì)一些莖塊作物的食用要求也越來(lái)越高。例如在食用土豆或一些薯類的時(shí)候要將其切成絲或片，因而離心式切片機(jī)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。此設(shè)計(jì)的切片機(jī)主要針對(duì)中小型場(chǎng)合，例如加工作坊、食堂、家庭等；針對(duì)一些莖塊的形狀而設(shè)計(jì)的。本文分別對(duì)帶、軸、刀片、刀盤等進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，對(duì)軸承、鍵等元件進(jìn)行了選擇。切片機(jī)有較高的效率，能分別對(duì)土豆、紅薯、洋蔥等進(jìn)行工作?！痢痢痢痢痢痢痢?
二、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）主要內(nèi)容
主要技術(shù)參數(shù)：
切割裝置由回轉(zhuǎn)葉輪和定刀片組成；配套動(dòng)力：1～1.5 kW
切片厚度：2～5 mm ；葉輪轉(zhuǎn)速：200～550轉(zhuǎn)/分；生產(chǎn)率：500～1000 kg/h
三、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）基本要求
1）所設(shè)計(jì)的切片機(jī)應(yīng)具有以下特點(diǎn)：
①適應(yīng)于各類水果和塊莖類物料；
②進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，達(dá)到主要技術(shù)參數(shù)的要求。
2）需要提交的（電子）文稿：
（1）完成3張A0圖（折合），并要求利用計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖軟件繪出裝配原理圖及各零部件圖，正稿電子文檔各一份；
（2）設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書20000字以上，并有3000字的外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯和300字左右中英文摘要；提交正稿、正稿電子文檔各一份。要求計(jì)算合理、數(shù)據(jù)可靠，格式按南華大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)規(guī)定；
（3）設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書的內(nèi)容包括：①設(shè)計(jì)離心式切片機(jī)的目的和意義；②設(shè)計(jì)原理和研究的主要內(nèi)容；③整體方案的確定；④主要零、部件的選擇和設(shè)計(jì)；⑤切片過(guò)程分析與計(jì)算：⑥重要零、部件的計(jì)算與校核；⑦參考文獻(xiàn)；⑧鳴謝。
四、 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）進(jìn)度安排
2011.12.27～2012.1.13 查閱文獻(xiàn)資料，翻譯外文資料，完成開題報(bào)告；
2012.2.8～2012.3.8 根據(jù)相關(guān)資料進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的計(jì)算與校核；
2012.3.9～2012.4.8 根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)和相關(guān)資料完成設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書初稿；
2012.4.9～2012.5.8 進(jìn)行CAD圖紙的繪制；
2012.5.9～2012.5.30 完成設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書的撰寫與裝訂，CAD出圖，檢查說(shuō)明書和圖紙，準(zhǔn)
備答辯。
五、 主要參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 任顯云,侯明亮.多功能塊根狀蔬菜加工機(jī)的研制[N].青島農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)（自然科學(xué)版）,2008（01）:61~63
[2] 馬海樂(lè).食品機(jī)械與設(shè)備[M].北京:中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)出版社,2004
[3] 陳云芬.綠色能源開發(fā)新亮點(diǎn)[N].云南科技報(bào),2006（12）:17~18
[4] 沈再春.農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工機(jī)械與設(shè)備[M].北京:中國(guó)輕工業(yè)出版社,1993
[5] 農(nóng)業(yè)知識(shí).薯類食品加工發(fā)展前景[J].致富與農(nóng)資,2010（09）:37
[6] 劉秉忠.我市土豆產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展前景展望——訪市農(nóng)科院院長(zhǎng)溫埃清[N].巴彥淖爾日?qǐng)?bào),2008（05）:25~27
[7] 郭春華.云南薯類作物生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀與產(chǎn)業(yè)化前景分析[N].西南農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào), 2004（17）:384~387
[8] 陸國(guó)權(quán).第12屆熱帶薯類作物學(xué)會(huì)國(guó)際研討會(huì)[J].世界農(nóng)業(yè),2001（01）:52~53
[9] 借力小土豆發(fā)展大經(jīng)濟(jì)[N].中國(guó)信息報(bào),2011（04）:23~24
[10] 李良藻,湯楚宙.農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工機(jī)械[M].長(zhǎng)沙:湖南教育出版社，1989
[11] 謝中生.國(guó)外切片機(jī)發(fā)展評(píng)述[J].電子工業(yè)專業(yè)設(shè)備,1996（03）:36~42
[12] 厲建國(guó),趙 濤.食品與加工機(jī)械[M].成都:四川科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社出版,1984
[13] 蔡 軍,李靜霞.6P-400型切片機(jī)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化與電氣化,1998（01）:31~32
[14] 李昌滿.6PSL-550型離心式人參切片機(jī)[J].農(nóng)村機(jī)械化,1997（01）:16~16
[15] 李昌滿,劉福文.離心式人參切片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)研究[J].糧油加工與食品機(jī)械,1996（06）:22~23
[16] 濮良貴,紀(jì)明剛.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)（第八版）[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2006.05
[17] 成大先.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第五版）1~ 5卷[M].北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2007
[18] 寇尊權(quán),王 多.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2006.10
[19] Deyong Yang,Jianping Hu.Study and Improvement for Slice Smoothness in Slicing Machine of Lotus Root[J].Ministry of Education Jiangsu Province Jiangsu University.2009(03)
[20] Laichun Suo, Pingping Liu. Numerical Simulation of Cutting Process of The Slice Components Cutting Machine[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series).Vol 17.no.1.2010。
[21] Yuan Liu, Haitao Wu. Design According to the Pastry Slice Machine of SolidWorks Terrace[J].Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering , Kunming Univer sity of Science and Technolog y, Kunming , China.2011(03)
指導(dǎo)教師：
年 月 日
南華大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
Study and Improvement for Slice Smoothness in Slicing Machine of Lotus Root
De-yong YANG ,Jian-ping HU , En-zhu WEI , Heng-qun LEI ,and Xiang-ci KONG
Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology
Ministry of Education Jiangsu Province Jiangsu University . Zhenjiang .
Jiangsu Province .P.R.China212013
Tel.: +86-511-8;Fax:+86-511-8
yangdy@163.com
Jinhu Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extension Station . Jinhu county
Jiangsu Province .P.R.China 211600
Abstract: Concerning the problem of the low cutting quality and the bevel edge in the piece of lotus root, the reason was analyzed and the method of improvement was to reduce the force in the vertical direction of link to knife. 3D parts and assemblies of cutting mechanism in slicing machine of lotus were created under PRO/E circumstance. Based on virtual prototype technology, the kinematics and dynamics analysis of cutting mechanism was simulated with ADAMS software, the best slice of time that is 0.2s~0.3s was obtained，and the curve of the force in the vertical direction of link to knife was obtained. The vertical force of knife was changed according with the change of the offset distance of crank. Optimization results of the offest distance of crank showed the vertical force in slice time almost is zero when the offset distance of crank is -80mm. Tests show that relative error of thickness of slicing is less than 10% after improved design, which is able to fully meet the technical requirements.
Keywords: lotus root; cutting mechanism; smoothness; optimization
1 Introduction
China is a country of producing lotus toot, lotus root system of semi-finished products of domestic consumption and external demand for exports is relatively large. In order to improve efficiency, reduce labor intensity, the group work, drawing on the principle of the artificial slice based on the design and development of a new type of lotus root slice (Bi Wei and Hu Jianping, 2006). This new type of slice solved easily broken cutting, stick knives, hard to clean up and other issues, but the process appears less smooth cutting, and some have a problem of hypotenuse piece of root. In this paper, analyzing cutting through the course of slice knife, the reasons causing hypotenuse was found, and the corresponding improvement of methods was proposed and was verified by the experiments.
2 Structure of Cutting Mechanism of Slicing Machine
Cutting mechanism of the quality of slice lotus root is the core of the machine, the performance of its direct impact on the quality of slice. Virtual prototyping of cutting mechanism of slice lotus root (Fig.1) was built by using PRO/E, and mechanism diagram of the body is shown in Fig.2. Cutting principle of lotus slicer adopted in the cardiac type of slider-crank mechanism was to add materials inside, which can be stacked several lotus root, lotus root to rely on the upper part of the self and the lower part of the lotus press down, so that it arrives in the material under the surface of the baffle. While slider-crank mechanism was driven by motor, the knife installed on the slider cut lotus root. In the slice-cutting process it was found that parallelism of the surface at both ends of part of piece lotus was not enough, which can not meet the technical requirements for processing.
Fig.1 Virtual prototyping of cutting mechanism
Fig.2 Diagram of cutting mechanism
Study and improvement for slice smoothness in slicing machine of lotus root.
3 The Cause of the Bevel Edge
Uneven thickness and bevel edge of cutting were related with forces on the slice knife in the process of cutting. In accordance with cutting mechanism (Fig.2), without taking into account the friction and weight, the direction of force F of point C was along the link. Force F may be decomposed with a horizontal direction force component and a vertical direction force component. The horizontal force component pushed the knife moving for cutting, but the vertical force component caused the knife moving along the vertical direction. Because of the gap between the slider and the rail, the vertical force component made the blade deforming during the movement, and knife could not move along the horizontal direction to cut lotus root, which caused the emergence of bevel edge. Thus, to reduce or eliminate the vertical force component in the cutting-chip was key to solve the problem of bevel edge and improve the quality of cutting.
When crank speed was 69~90r/min, the horizontal and vertical direction of the force curve of point C connecting link and the blade hinge are shown in Fig.3 and Fig.4 respectively. As can be seen from the chart, with the crank speed improvement the horizontal and vertical direction of the force in point C also increased. The horizontal force changed relatively stable during 0s~0.2s, which was conducive to cutting lotus, but the vertical force increased gradually. The more the vertical force was, the more detrimental to the quality cutting.
Fig.3 Horizontal force of C
Fig.4 Vertical force of C
4 Simulation and Optimization
If improving flatness of the slicer, the structure was optimized to reduce the vertical force component, so as far as possible the level of cutting blade.
When crank speed was 60~90r/min the velocity curve and acceleration curve of the knife center of mass are shown in Fig.5 and Fig.6 respectively. According to the speed curve, the speed of the knife center of mass was relatively large in a period of 0.2s~0.3s. In accordance with the requirements that the knife should have a higher speed during cutting lotus, so this period time was more advantageous to cutting than other terms. According to acceleration curve. When calculates by one cycle, the acceleration value was relatively quite small in the period of time, 0.15s~0.3s compared with other time section. Which indicated that the change of velocity was relatively small, simultaneously the force of inertia was small, and the influence of vibration caused by the force was small to the slicer. Therefore,this period of time, 0.2s~0.3s, to cut root piece was advantageous in enhances the cutting quality of lotus root piece.
Fig.5 Velocity curve of center of mass of knife
Fig.6 Acceleration curve of center of mass of knife
Based on the above analysis, the vertical force component between link and the knife was the main reason for bevel edge. According to the characteristics of slider-crank mechanism, reducing the vertical force on the knife in the period of cutting time by altering crank offest was tried to enhance the quality of the cutting. When crank speed was 60r/min, the crank eccentricity was optimized. When the offest of the crank was 40mm, 20mm, 0mm, -20mm, -40mm, -80mm, -120mm respectively, the mechanism was simulated and the vertical force curves under different crank eccentricity were obtained, as shown in Fig.7.
Fig.7 vertical force curves in different offest
Fig.7 indicates that: When the eccentricity was positive, the vertical force on point C increased gradually in 0.2s~0.3s with the increase of crank oddest: When the eccentricity was negative, the force decreased gradually first and then begun to increase along with -80mm. So when the offest was -80mm, the numerical of the force in 0.2s~0.3s achieved the minimum and the quality of cutting was the best.
When the crank rotated in the other speed, there were the same optimization results. Fig.8 show the curve of vertical force in the offest of 0mm and -80mm when the speed of crank was 80r/min. From the Fig.8 it is obvious that vertical direction of the force of point C in 0.2s~0.3s reduced a lot when the eccentricity is -80mm. Therefore, the vertical force could be reduced by optimizing the slider-crank mechanism of eccentricity.
Fig.8 Vertical force of C
5 Experimental Analysis
The relative error of thickness of lotus root piece reflects the quality of cutting. Which is generally controlled of 10%. There always existed bevel edge phenomenon and the relative error of thickness was about 15% before structural optimization and improvement, which was difficult to meet the technical requirements. The offset in the slider-crank mechanism was optimized, and its structure was improved according to the results of optimization. After improvement cutting test were done in the conditions of crank speed for 80~110r/min and statistical data about the relative error of thickness was shown in Table.1. Four levels were separated in the experiment, three times for each level.
Table 1 Relative error of thickness of slicing
NO
Crank speed (r/min)
80
90
100
110
1
6.6%
6.4%
8.2%
9.5%
2
5.3%
6.1%
8.5%
9.2%
2
6.4%
7.9%
7.9%
9.4%
Average
6.1%
6.8%
8.2%
9.4%
It is derived from Table.1 that the relative error of the thickness of slices could meet the technical indicators when the crank speed was 80~110r/min, especially in the crank rotation speed 80r/min, 90r/min the relative error of thickness was less than 7%,and high quality was achieved.
6 Conclusion
The vertical force component acted on the knife in the process of cutting was the main reason for surface formation and bevel edge, so the key of improving the quality was to reduce the vertical force. Through slice knife and velocity acceleration simulation analysis the best time for slicing, 0.2s~0.3s, was obtained. By optimizing the offset of the crank the vertical force during cutting time was greatly reduced when the offset was -80mm. Experiments were made after improving the design of lotus root slicer, which results showed that by changing the offset of the crank, the relative error of the thickness could fully meet the requirements of less than 10%. So the problem was basically solved that the flatness was not ideal and was the issue of bevel edge.1
References
[1] Wei,B . jianping,H.: Study of lotus root slicing techniques and design of new model,Journal of agricultural mechanization research (12),112-114(2006)(in Chinese)
[2] Enzhu, w.:the simulation and optimization on the new slicing machine of lotus root based on virtual prototype technology .jiangsu university [2008)[in Chinese)
[3] Ce ,Z .:mechanical dynamics .higher education press[1999)
[4]Xiuning ,C.:optimal design of machinery .zhejiang university press[1999)
[5]Liping,C.,yunqing,Z.,weiqun,R.: dynamic analysis of mechanical systems and application Guide ADAMS . Tsinghua university press ,Beijing(2005)
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