八年級英語下冊Unit8 語法

Grammar FocusHave you read Little Women yet?Yes,I have./No,I havent.Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?Yes,she has.She thinks its fantastic.Have you decided which book to write about yet?Yes,I have.Ive already finished reading it.It was really good.現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時：結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞一般疑問句一般疑問句：have/has?Yes,I have.No,I havent.Yes,she has.No,she hasnt.1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。和和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等狀語等狀語連用。連用。動詞構(gòu)成：動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分詞過去分詞have breakfastI have just had my breakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓現(xiàn)在我不餓)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2004I still live here nowpast現(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時的用法:(1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果?；蚪Y(jié)果。I have already read Treasure Island.I have returned the book to the library.I have bought a new house.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:(1)用副詞用副詞already和和yet。already一般用于一般用于肯定句中肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。一般用于否定句和疑問句中。We have already finished our homework.We havent finished our homework yet.Have you finished doing your homework yet?already一般用于肯定句，用于疑問句時表示驚訝，出乎意料。常放于句中，實(shí)義動詞之前，助動詞之后。yet一般用于否定句或疑問句。常放在句尾，not yet常用在答語中，意為“尚未；還沒有”。(2)用用ever和和never。多用于否定或疑問句中。多用于否定或疑問句中,表示表示“曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)”或或“從未從未”等。等。Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？No,I have never been to the Great Wall.不不,我從未去過長城。我從未去過長城。No,never.不，不，從來沒有。從來沒有?，F(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:(3)用副詞用副詞just和和before。I have just finished my homework.They have never visited the Great Wall before.Have you ever been to Hong Kong before?(4)用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語,如如so far/up to now,in the past/last few years等等。So far we have learned seven unitsDeqing has changed a lot in the past/last few years.everjustalreadyyete.g.Have you _been to Japan?I have _ finished my homework.I have finished my homework _.I havent finished my homework _.（5）.just,already,yet,before/ever,never有此有此類副詞時類副詞時,常強(qiáng)調(diào)動作完成常強(qiáng)調(diào)動作完成,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù).現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用（如：不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用（如：in 1990in 1990，last Sunday last Sunday 等）。等）。一般過去時：一般過去時：一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束），它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。束），它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：與一般過去時的區(qū)別：have/has+V過去分詞過去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來，現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來，一般過去時只限于表示過去的動作本身一般過去時只限于表示過去的動作本身,與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在 的結(jié)果無關(guān)。的結(jié)果無關(guān)。現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時在意義上現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時在意義上 的區(qū)別舉例如下：的區(qū)別舉例如下：I have cleaned my room.(My room is clean now.)我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。I cleaned my room last week.(I did it in the past.)我上周打掃了我的房間。我上周打掃了我的房間。Father has gone to Amoy.(He went to Amoy and he is not here now.)爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。They have bought a dictionary.(They bought a dictionary and they have it now.)他們買了一本字典。他們買了一本字典。注意注意:現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確指出時間的狀語現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確指出時間的狀語(如如:yesterday,last,year,in 1976,two days ago,just now,when she came in 等等)連用連用，但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語(如如:already,yet,ever,never,sometimes,always,often,before,once,twice,recently,lately等等)連用連用；也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如：如：today,this morning,this week,this year等等)連用連用。She has already finished her work.她已經(jīng)把工作做完了。她已經(jīng)把工作做完了。I havent read the story yet.我還沒讀過這個故事。我還沒讀過這個故事。Have you met him before?你從前曾見過他嗎？你從前曾見過他嗎？Lily has always been a good student.Lily一直是個好學(xué)生。一直是個好學(xué)生。比較：比較：I have seen him this morning.我上午看見他了。我上午看見他了。(說話時在上午說話時在上午)I saw him this morning.今天上午我遇見了他。今天上午我遇見了他。(說話時可能是下午或者晚上說話時可能是下午或者晚上)It has been cold this winter.今天冬天一直很冷。今天冬天一直很冷。(說話時仍是冬天說話時仍是冬天)NEXT把下列動詞變成過去式和過去分詞：read-clean-do-watch-eat-wash-go-finish-see-arrive-find-start-readreadcleaneddidcleanedwatchedwatchedateeatenwashedwashedwentgonefinishedfinishedsawseenarrivedarrivedfoundfoundstartedstarteddoneExercisesBACKExercises:1.I have already watched the game show.(改為否定句）改為否定句）I _ _ the game show _.2.Sally saw the film last week.(改為現(xiàn)在完成時）改為現(xiàn)在完成時）Sally _ _ the film before.3.Tom has already finished doing his homework.(改為一般改為一般疑問句）疑問句）_ Tom _doing his homework_?4.Have they washed the clothes yet?(做肯定回答）做肯定回答）_,_ _.5.Has your brother eaten lunch?(做否定回答）做否定回答）_,_ _.havent watchedyethasseenHasfinishedyetYestheyhaveNohehasntFill in the blanks(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1._you _(find)your English book yet?2.I_(start)to make the plane an hour ago.But I_(not finish)it yet.3._ he _(arrive)at the train station yet?4.When _ you _(read)the book?Two days ago.5.How clean the room!Im sure that someone _(clean)it.6._ you _(see)the film Harry Potter?Not yet.Ill see it this Sunday.7.We _(go)to the zoo last weekend.Havefoundstartedhavent finishedHasarriveddidreadhas cleanedseenwentHave 句型轉(zhuǎn)換句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.I have finished my homework.I _ _ my homework.(改為否定改為否定句句)_ you _ your homework?(改改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答為一般疑問句并作肯定回答)Yes，_ _.答案：答案：1.havent finished Have；finished；I have2.His dream has come true.(改為一般疑問改為一般疑問句并作否定回答句并作否定回答)-_ his dream _ true?-No，_ _.答案：答案：2.Has；come；it hasnt 單項(xiàng)選擇。單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.Have you taken out the trash,Belly?_.Ill do it right away.A.Sorry,I have B.No,I didnt C.No,I dont D.Not yet()2.Have you _ visited Shanghai?No,_.A.ever;not B.never;not C.ever;never D.never;everDC()3.Have you washed your clothes _?No,I havent.But I have cleaned the room _.A.ago;already B.yet;yet C.before;yet D.yet;alreadyD(2010.河北省卷河北省卷,41.1)My brother left school in 2005,and since then he in Beijing.A.lives B.lived C.will live D.has livedD()【2013廣西貴港廣西貴港】Do you know the movie Lost in Thailand?Yes.I _ it twice.Its funny.A.saw B.see C.have seen D.will see C()【2013黑龍江牡丹江黑龍江牡丹江】Lunch?No,thanks.I_.A.will eat B.am eating C.have eaten()【2013 湖北黃岡湖北黃岡】Where is Tom?We cant find him anywhere.Perhaps he _ home.A.has come B.is going C.went D.was goingCAHomeworkRetell what you did yesterday and what you have done now.