高中英語復習 Unit 2 Cloning課件 新人教版選修8.ppt

Unit2Cloning,知識歸納,1._vt.扔;投;擲2._vt.打擾vi.操心n.煩擾3._vt.(forbade,forbad;forbidden)禁止;不準4._vt.崇拜;愛慕;喜愛5._vi.退休;離開6._adj.不能的,不會的7._vt.孵化,cast,bother,forbid,adore,retire,unable,hatch,(一)基本單詞,知識清單,8._adj.道德(上)的,倫理的9._n.程序;步驟;手續(xù)10._n.裝飾11._adv.僅;只;不過12._n.突破13._n.規(guī)則;規(guī)章;法規(guī)14._n.假定;設想15._vi.獲得;贏得16._vt.承擔,moral,procedure,decoration,merely,breakthrough,regulation,assumption,obtain,accumulate,undertake,18._n.雙胞胎之一;孿生兒之一adj.成對的;成雙的19._adj.簡單的;直接的;坦率的20._adv.總共;完全地21._adj.任意的22._n.(plmedia)媒介;手段;工具23._vt.獲得;到達（水平、年齡、狀況等）24._adj.保守的;守舊的,twin,straightforward,altogether,arbitrary,medium,attain,conservative,25._n.憲法;章程26._adj.必須做的;義務的;強迫的;強制的27._vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等);歸功于28._adv.立刻;不久29._vt.徒勞的,constitution,pulsory,owe,shortly,strike,vain,1._vi.相異;不同_adj.不同的2._adj.精確的;準確的_adv.準確地3._adj.商業(yè)的;貿(mào)易的_n.貿(mào)易4._n.改正;糾正;修正_adj.正確的;得體的v.改正;糾正,differ,different,exact,exactly,mercial,merce,correction,correct,(二)派生單詞,5._vi.反對;不贊成_n.不贊成;反對;異議6._adj.最初的;開始的_adv.最初7._vt.抵抗;對抗_n.抵抗;抵觸;反對;阻力8._adj.合情理的;講道理的;公道的_(反義)adj.不合理的;過度的;不切實際的,object,objection,initial,initially,resist,resistance,reasonable,unreasonable,1._得到好結果;取得成功;償清2._沮喪;不愉快3._大眾傳播媒體(如電視、報紙等)4._贊成;支持5._旁路;支線;岔道6._一定或注定(做),payoff,castdown,themedia,infavourof,sideroad,(be)boundto(do),(三)短語,7._使刻骨銘心8._不時;偶爾9._使復生;使復活10._白費力氣;枉費心機11._狀況很好(壞);情況很好(壞),strikeintoonesheart,fromtimetotime,bringbacktolife,invain,ingood/poorcondition,TheinitialrequirementisthatyouneedperfectDNAwhichgivesinformationforhowcellsaretogrow.,結構分析：雖然句子不長,但卻從句套從句,共有三個從句。,(四)句式,1.undertakevt.(undertook;undertaken)著手;從事;承擔課文原句:Itisadifficulttasktoundertake.這是一項很難完成的任務。【歸納】undertakesth.承擔某事undertaketodosth.許諾做某事;同意做某事undertakethat保證,核心要點,(一)單詞,【運用】He_themoneybackinsixmonths.他保證6個月內(nèi)還錢。,undertooktopay/undertookthathe,wouldpay,2.objectvi.反對;不贊成(常接介詞to)objectionn.反對,異議課文原句:Ontheotherhand,Dollysappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.另一方面,多莉羊的出現(xiàn)引起了一陣強烈的反對,對媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。,【歸納】objecttosb./sth.=objecttodoingsth./tosb.doingsth.不同意;不贊成;反對raiseanobjectiontosth.對提出異議have/makeanobjectionto(doing)sth.對表示反對objectiveadj.客觀的,就事論事的,【運用】用object的適當形式填空。1)Hedidntmean_tomyproposal,butdidit.2)Hisideaisreasonableand_.,toobject,objective,3.obtainvt.獲得;贏得,課文原句:Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearcharedifficulttoobtain,盡管目前供克隆研究的人類卵細胞很難獲得,【歸納】obtainsth.from.從獲得obtainsth.through.通過(某種方式或手段)獲得obtain還有“買到,借到”之意。e.g.WherecanIobtainthedictionary.我在哪兒能買到這本字典？,【運用】用適當?shù)慕樵~填空。1)Surfingoninternetisoneofmyhobbies;Icanobtainmuchknowledge_it.2)Allpeoplearedriventopursuehappinessinlife,butthevehicles_weobtainhappinessaredifferent.,from,throughwhich,4.forbidvt.禁止;不準課文原句:Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsandforbaderesearchintohumancloning,.有些政府開始改革法律制度,明令禁止進行克隆人類的研究,【點撥】forbid后不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓語,但可直接跟v.-ing作賓語,也可用forbidsb.todosth.形式。allow/permit/advise/remend(建議)也這樣用。e.g.Hewasforbiddentoleavethebaseasapunishment.作為懲罰,他被禁止離開基地。Thenewlawforbidssmokinginoffices.新法律禁止在辦公室內(nèi)抽煙。,5.owevt.欠(賬、錢、人情等);歸功于課文原句:Youowetheladyanapology.你欠這位女士一個道歉?！練w納】owesb.sth.;owesth.tosb.欠(債)owesb.sth.;owesth.tosb./sth.歸因于,歸功于,起源于owingto因為,由于,【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。1)Hestill_(欠我80美元)formywork.2)_(因為下雨),wecouldnte.3)多虧有了你我才能活下來。Iowe_youthatIamstillalive.4)我的成功應該歸功于我的老師。I_myteachers.,owesme$80,Owingtotherain,owemysuccessto,itto,6.bothervt./vi./n.課文原句:However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.然而,她不久之后就染上了很嚴重的肺病,這個問題困擾了科學家。,【歸納】bother作動詞使煩惱,給造成麻煩。常用結構：bothersb.that.;bothersb.with/aboutsth.;itbotherssb.todosth.。如：UsuallyIdontbothermyfriendswithmylittleaffairs.Imnotbotheredaboutwhathethinks.Doesitbotheryouthatyourwifeearnsmoremoneythanyou?Itbothersmetothinkofheraloneinthatbighouse.,花費時間或精力(做某事),常用于否定句或疑問句。常用結構：botherwith/aboutsth.;bothertodosth.;botherdoingsth.。如：Itsnotworthbotheringwithanumbrellathecarsjustoutside.Hedoesntbothermuchabouthisappearance.Youneedntbothertotravelsuchalongdistance.Whybotheraskingifyourenotreallyinterested?,打擾,搭話煩擾。如：Sorrytobotheryou,buttheresacallforyouonlinetwo.bother作名詞,意為“麻煩,困難;令人煩惱的人或事”。如：Suchismyfatherwhodoesntwanttoputanyonetoanybother.Imsorrytobeabother,butcouldIhavethatnumberagain?,bother干擾別人正常工作和生活,可能是故意的。disturb使人失去正常秩序而一時不得安寧,語氣比bother弱。trouble指在心情上失去平衡而感到憂慮、苦惱或行動上帶來不便,也常用于禮貌請求:MayItroubleyoufor?,bother/disturb/trouble,【運用】完成下列句子。1)他老是打電話給我,使我厭煩得很。Hisphoningmeallthetime_.2)什么事令你憂慮不安經(jīng)濟問題嗎？Whats_moneyproblems?3)她輕輕地開門,以免驚擾了睡著的孩子。Sheopenedthedoorquietlysoasnotto_thesleepingchild.,troublingyou,alot,disturb,bothersme,7.strikevt.劃(火柴)n.罷工課文原句:ThepopularityoffilmssuchasJurassicPark,inwhichascientistclonesseveralkindsofextinctdinosaurs,proveshowtheideastruckamixtureoffearandexcitementintopeopleshearts.在侏羅紀公園這部影片中,有一位科學家克隆了好幾種不同的絕種恐龍。類似這樣的電影很受歡迎,證明了這一想法使人們感到既興奮又恐懼。,觀察句子,寫出劃線部分的含義。Theclockhasjuststruck10.()Itstruckmethatnoonewasathome.()Hestruckthetableaheavyblowangrily.()Thegirlstruckamatchandlitacandle.()Shewasstruckbyhiskindness.()Theyhavebeenonstrikeforseveraldays.()Abigearthquakestruckthearealastweek.(),報時,突然想起,打,擊,劃(火柴),打動,罷工,襲擊,【歸納】strikewith用敲打strikeagainst撞到Itstrikessb.that.某人突然意識到bestruckby被打動;深受感動beonstrike在罷工,【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。1)Hewassoangrythathe_hisfist.他氣得用拳頭砸桌子。2)Thevisitors_thebeautyofthetouristarea.游客被旅游區(qū)的美景迷住了。3)_thatwecoulduseaputertodothejob.突然想到我們可以用電腦去做這項工作。,werestruckby,struckthetablewith,Itsuddenlystruckme,8.vainadj.虛榮的;自負的;徒勞的課文原句:Alleffortsofcloningananimalwillbeinvainifthereisnotenoughdiversityinthegrouptoovereillness.如果某個動物群體沒有足夠的多樣性以戰(zhàn)勝疾病,那么克隆這種動物的所有努力都將是無用的。,【歸納】invain白費力氣;枉費心機,【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。1)Sheclosedhereyestightly_toholdbackthetears.她緊閉雙眼,卻無法忍住眼淚。2)我們所有的努力都付諸東流了。Alloureffortswere_.,invain,inavainattempt,9.resistv.課文原句:Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.其優(yōu)點是,如果發(fā)生了某種新的疾病,這類動物中的一些可能會死去,而另一些卻能存活下來,并且把這種抗疫力傳給下一代。,【歸納】抵抗,回擊,反抗。如：Shewaschargedwithresistingarrest.Thesoldiersresisted(theenemyattacks)fortwodays.抵制,阻擋。其后接動詞作賓語時,要用動詞-ing形式。如：Thebankstronglyresistedcuttinginterestrates.,忍住,抵擋。其后接動詞作賓語時,要用動詞-ing形式。如：Johncouldntresistshowingoffhisnewcar.不受(某事物)的損害或影響,抗,耐。如:Ahealthydietshouldhelpyourbodyresistinfection.Weneedakindofglassthatresistsheat.【拓展】resistancen.抵抗,反抗,電阻,抵抗力resistantadj.抵抗的,有抵抗力的,課文原句:Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthroughthecloningofDollythesheep.但是,科學家的決心和耐心最終得到了回報,這就是1996年具有突破性的克隆“多莉”的誕生。,1.payoff得到好結果;取得成功;償清,(二)短語,【歸納】paysb.forsth.=paysth.tosb.forsth.付錢給某人作為的費用payforsth.為某事吃苦頭或受懲罰;花錢買某物payback還錢;報復payattentionto注意payavisitto訪問payout(為某事)付出大筆款項,【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。Sometimeswehavehadto_deadly_mistakes.有時候我們不得不為錯誤付出沉重的代價。He_bynoting.他以不來的方式報復了我。Withthehelpofalotofpeople,ourplan_(成功了).,payfor,paidmeback,paidoff,2.infavourof支持,贊成課文原句:Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit？它是贊成克隆行為還是反對？【拓展】與infavourof同義或反義的常用短語：approveof贊同,贊許befor贊成,主張ononesside在某人一邊beagainst反對objectto不贊成,反對,3.ingood/poorcondition狀況很好(壞);情況很好(壞)課文原句:ThedodobecameextinctfairlyrecentlysoitsDNAisstillingoodcondition.渡渡鳥滅絕時間相當近,因此它的DNA仍然狀況良好。,【歸納】outofcondition健康狀況欠佳working/living/studyingcondition工作/生活/學習環(huán)境oncondition(that)在條件下;倘若onnocondition決不;一點也不(放在句首,句子用部分倒裝),【運用】Travellersareadvisednottoflybecauseof_.因為天氣情況惡劣,旅行者們被勸告不要乘飛機。Theemployeesagreedtospeaktous_theywouldntbenamed.那幾位雇員同意與我們談談,條件是不要說出他們的名字。,poorweatherconditions,onconditionthat,(三)句式,Cloninghasalwaysbeenwithusandisheretostay.克隆一直與我們同在，而今它還要持續(xù)下去?！癰eheretostay”是習語,意思是“beacceptedandusedbymostpeople(被普遍接受;成為風尚)”。e.g.Itlooksasiftelevisedtrialsareheretostay.看來電視直播審判已為大多數(shù)人所接受。,【考例】1.IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?Yeah,butIhavenoidea_hedidit;thatsoneofhisfavoriteuniversities.A.whenB.whyC.thatD.how引導同位語從句,對idea作進一步的解釋。由thatsoneofhisfavoriteuniversities可知,不知道他拒絕那所大學的原因。,同位語從句點撥,語法,2.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief_youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.A.howB.thatC.whichD.whether引導同位語從句,對belief作進一步的解釋,又因從句意義完整且不缺任何成分。,3.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_themeetingwouldbepostponed.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how引導同位語從句,對notice作進一步的解釋,又因從句意義完整且不缺任何成分。,【拓展】同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：1.同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是說明名詞的內(nèi)容;定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能通常是修飾先行詞,對先行詞加以限定,說明其性質(zhì)、特征等。,2.引導同位語從句的that是連接詞,在從句中沒有含義、不作成分,一般不能省略;引導定語從句的that是關系代詞,可作主語、賓語或表語,作賓語時可省略。如：Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchisencouraging.(同位語從句)Thenews(that)weheardontheradioyesterdaywastrue.(定語從句),【運用】用適當連接詞/關系詞完成短文。Workingparentsoftenputtheirkidsindaycarecenter.Whilemostparentsinterviewedsaytheyaresatisfiedwiththedaycare1._theyuse,expertshavethebelief2._onlyabout12percentofchildrenreceivehighqualitycare.Manyparentsreallyhavenoidea3._goodtheirdaycareserviceis.,that/which,that,how,Whenchoosingadaycarecenter,ofcourseparentswanttoknowhowmuchitcosts.Buttherearemanyotherquestions4._parentsshouldask.Parentsneedtoknowifthecaregiverislovingandrespondstothechildsneeds.Doesthecaregiverhugthechild,talktothechild,playwiththechild?However,expertsmakethesuggestion5._parentsshouldnotputtheirbabiesinchildcarecenterforthefirstfourmonths.Duringthistime,itisimportantforbabiestoformanattachmenttotheirmothers.,that/which,that,【寫作任務】最近有一名美國留學生在你校英文論壇發(fā)帖稱，家庭作業(yè)不僅占用了他大量的業(yè)余時間，而且毫無必要。請你寫一篇英語短文回復他的帖子，列舉理由（至少三點）來反駁他的觀點。注意：詞數(shù)100左右。,如何寫觀點論證型議論文,寫作,【寫作指導】一、審題定調(diào)該習作要求反駁對方“家庭作業(yè)毫無必要”的觀點，是一篇觀點論證型議論文。因此寫作時首先應該根據(jù)提示闡明自己的觀點，然后圍繞這一觀點進行論證，論證過程要做到層次分明、有理有據(jù)。人稱以第一人稱為主，時態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主。,二、謀篇布局就本篇習作而言，我們可以把全文分為三部分：第一部分:引出話題，闡明觀點(就對方觀點提出反對意見)；第二部分:分層論述(家庭作業(yè)能夠幫助學生復習和預習、培養(yǎng)學生的自學能力、向老師反饋學生對知識的掌握情況);第三部分:總結全文,重申態(tài)度(適量合理的家庭作業(yè)對學生的學習有促進作用)。,三、組織語言就本篇習作而言，每個部分可圍繞以下內(nèi)容組織語言。1.第一部分：引出話題，闡明觀點。,2.第二部分：分層論述。,3.第三部分：總結全文，重申態(tài)度。,【范文展示】普通范文ImsorrytohearthatyourhomeworktakesuptoomuchofyoursparetimebutIdontagreethathomeworkisunnecessary.Firstly,bydoinghomework,wecanpracticewhatwehavelearnedandprepareforthenewlessons.Secondly,homeworkhelpsusdevelopabilitiestostudyindependently.Forexample,somehomeworkneedsinvestigating,summarizing,analyzingandevaluating.Theseareallimportantskills.Thirdly,homeworkallowsourteacherstofindoutwhetherweunderstandthesubjectornot.Ifweperformbadly,ourteacherswilltrytohelpus.Therefore,Ithinkproperamountsofhomeworkinproperformscanhelpusalot.,高級范文Hearingyourhomeworktakesuptoomuchofyoursparetime,Ifeelsympathetictowardsyou.However,inmyopinion,homeworkisanessentialpartoflearningprocess.Firstly,homeworkensuresreviewandpreview.Inaddition,homeworkisbeneficialtothedevelopmentofself-studyabilities.Forexample,someassignmentsinvolveinvestigating,summarizing,analyzingandevaluating,which,areallimportantskills.Finally,homeworkprovidesfeedbacktoourteachers.Ifwedoapoorjob,ourteacherswilltakemeasurestohelpus.Inconclusion,properamountsofhomeworkinproperformsareofgreatbenefittous.,1.Ijustneedtomakeafew_(correct),andthenwecansendittotheprinter.2.Wemayaskherafewquestionstomakesureweknow_(exact)whatshewants.3.Youcouldpresstheflowersthatwereusedattheeventandthenusethemasthe_(decorate).,I.用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。,exactly,鞏固練習,corrections,decoration,4.Imsurethereisaperfectly_(reason)explanationforhisabsence.5.Theonly_(object)Ihaveisthatitmaycostmorethanexpected.6.Yourargumentisbasedonapletelyfalse_(assume).,objection,assumption,reasonable,II.把下列句子改寫為含同位語(從句)的復合句,并使句意基本保持不變。,1.Anewkindofcarrierrockethassuccessfullyfinisheditsfirstflightandthenewsisveryexciting.Thenewsthatanewkindofcarrierrockethassuccessfullyfinisheditsfirstflightisveryexciting.2.Thesickelephant,theoneinthethirdcage,attackeditstrainer.Thesickelephantthatwasinthethirdcageattackeditstrainer.,3.AnnthinksmoneyisthemostimportantthinginlifeandIdontagreewithheropinion.IdontagreewithAnnsopinionthatmoneyisthemostimportantthinginlife.4.BillandEricareourneighborsandtheyaregoingtoDisneylandtomorrow.BillandEric,ourneighbors,aregoingtoDisneylandtomorrow.5.Therearesomethingswecantcontrolandwemustfacethefact.Wemustfacethefactthattherearesomethingswecantcontrol.,6.Isuggestedthatweshouldsharethecostbuttheydidntlikethat.Theydidntlikemysuggestionthatweshouldsharethecost.7.TheCaliforniacoastlineisthelongestofallthestatesanditisanationaltreasureoftheUSA.TheCaliforniacoastline,thelongestofallthestates,isanationaltreasureoftheUSA.,III.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。,Istheideaofprintingbodypartsscience-fiction?Research1._(be)underwayforyearsandisstartingtopay2._.Theprincipleofthetypeofprinterisalmostthesameasanormalprinterbutinsteadofinkitusesamixtureofgelatin(明膠)andlivingcells3._(build)biologicalstructures.Ifthe“ink”contains,tobuild,hasbeen,off,humanembryonicstemcells(hESCs),the3-Dtissuecouldthendevelopintoahumanorgansuchasakidneyorheart.hESCs4._(obtain)fromhumanembryos.Theydiffer5._othercellsinthattheycandevelopintoanycelltypeinanadultperson.Theyareidealforuseinreplacing,repairing,orregeneratingcells,tissue,ororgans6._areinpoorcondition.Theycanbeplacedinasolution,that/which,areobtained,from,thatcontainsbiological7._(instruct)thattellthemtodevelopintotissuetypes.Theprocessstartswiththecells8._(form)embryoidbodies.Bio-printerscanproduceembryoidbodiesofthe9._(desire)sizeandshape.Bio-printerscould10._(short)beusedtomake3-Dtissuefortestingnewdrugs,growingorgansorevenprintingcellsinsidethebody.,shortly,instructions,forming,desired,