2019小升初英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 第四章 動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài) 第一節(jié) 動(dòng)詞課件.ppt

第四章 動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài),第一節(jié) 動(dòng) 詞,知識(shí)梳理,一、動(dòng)詞的概念與分類 動(dòng)詞是句子中表示動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)的詞。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的詞義和在句中的作用，可以將動(dòng)詞劃分為如下幾類：,二、動(dòng)詞的基本形式 1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面接動(dòng)詞原形。 如： I can play basketball well. Mike can speak Chinese. 2. be動(dòng)詞:根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的不同，呈現(xiàn)不同形式。 如：現(xiàn)在時(shí)： I am very happy today. Mike is an American boy. They are playing in the snow. 過(guò)去時(shí)： He was in Grade 3 last year. We were at home yesterday. 將來(lái)時(shí)： There will be a match between Class 1and Class 2 tomorrow.,3. 助動(dòng)詞:不能單獨(dú)在句中使用，在句中的作用是幫助構(gòu)成否定、疑問(wèn)等句式。 如： We do not (dont) have classes on Saturdays. My father does not (doesnt) work in the hospital. Did you go swimming last weekend?,4. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:小學(xué)階段所學(xué)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有四種形式，即動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、現(xiàn)在分詞形式(動(dòng)詞的ing形式)和過(guò)去式形式。 如:,(1)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成 一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加s。如：workworks，looklooks，wantwants 以ch, sh, s, x, o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加es。 如：teachteaches，washwashes，dress(裝扮)dresses，fix(安裝)fixes，gogoes 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i，再加es。如：flyflies，crycries 【注】playplays, buybuys 不規(guī)則變化。如：havehas，beis,(2)動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式的構(gòu)成 一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ing。如：gogoing，playplaying 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加ing。如：writewriting，comecoming 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫最后這個(gè)輔音字母再加ing。 如：runrunning，swimswimming，shop shopping 以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將ie改為y，再加ing。如： diedying，lielying,(3)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成 一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed。如：workworked，playplayed等 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加d。如：closeclosed，arrivearrived 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i，再加ed。如：crycried，studystudied 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫最后這個(gè)輔音字母再加ed。 如：stopstopped，dropdropped,動(dòng)詞的不規(guī)則變化(見(jiàn)下表),考點(diǎn)精析,考點(diǎn)1 考查動(dòng)詞的變化形式 【例1】根據(jù)句意和單詞首字母提示填寫動(dòng)詞，并注意其動(dòng)詞的形式。 1.Can you s English songs? 2.She usually g to school at 7:00. 3.Look!Amy is w TV. 4.I c my room last night.,解析:本題考查動(dòng)詞基本形式的寫法和用法。在做此題時(shí)，不僅要考慮主語(yǔ)的人稱，還要注意句子的時(shí)態(tài)，這樣才能根據(jù)句意和首字母提示填寫出動(dòng)詞的正確形式。第1小題應(yīng)填寫動(dòng)詞原形sing，因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞can后要加動(dòng)詞原形。第2小題的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱，句子又是陳述習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式goes。第3小題中的look一詞提示了本題要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞watching。第4題由last night 這一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知本題要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)填過(guò)去式cleaned。 答案： 1. sing 2. goes 3. watching 4. cleaned,舉一反三 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1.The cat _ (run) around the tree. 2.They are _(clean) their classroom. 3.I _(have) a cold last week. 4.Dont _ (talk) loudly in the library. 5.My mother _(make) a big cake last month. 6.What _(do) she do last night? 7.My aunt often _ (go) shopping on Sundays. 8.Sarah _(buy) a red bag yesterday.,runs,cleaning,had,talk,made,did,goes,bought,考點(diǎn)2 考查助動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞的使用 【例2】 選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞填空。 1. He not do homework on Friday evening. 2. you have crayons? 3. Tom not read English this morning.,解析: 本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)助動(dòng)詞 do的三種形式的正確運(yùn)用。第1小題中on Friday evening 是常態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而主語(yǔ)he 是三單形式，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的三單形式 does; 第2小題 you 是非三單形式，用do；第3小題中this morning 表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，且過(guò)去式不受人稱影響，故用did。 答案：1. does 2. Do 3. did,舉一反三 1. 用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1) I _ in Grade Six this year. Last year， I _ in Grade Five. (2) There _ many tall buildings here now. Twenty years ago， there _ some small houses. (3) Mike and Jack _ twin brothers. They look the same. (4) I want to _ a teacher in the future. 2. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1) _(will) you like some tea？ (2) _ (do) he watch TV last night？,am,was,are,were,are,be,Would,Did,考點(diǎn)3 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用 【例3】單項(xiàng)填空。 ( )He _ read the book now. A.is can B.cans C. can 解析:本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的正確使用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法很容易混淆。can和be動(dòng)詞或其他的助動(dòng)詞不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中；can不受人稱的影響，故不存在cans的形式；在本題中還要分析清楚，now不表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 答案：C,舉一反三 1. 選詞填空。 (1)_ I use your pen？ (2)What _ I do then？ (3)You _ be a middle school student. (4)We _ do something for Grandpa Li. (5) _ we go now？,Shall,May/Can,should,must,can,2. 按要求完成下列各題。 (1) I can speak Chinese and English well. (改成否定句) _ (2) 當(dāng)你想提醒朋友，讓他周末要幫助媽媽做家務(wù)時(shí)，你可以說(shuō)： _ _ (3) 你想告訴想要闖紅燈的人，紅燈必須停，你應(yīng)該說(shuō)： _,You must stop at a red light.,I cant speak Chinese or English well.,You should do some housework for your mother on weekends.,考點(diǎn)4 考查動(dòng)詞的綜合運(yùn)用 【例4】用read的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. You can (read) the book in the library. 2. She (read) a book now. 3. Can I (read) this book now? 4. My father (read) newspapers every morning. 5. Did you （read）the comic book? Yes, I （read）it yesterday.,解析:本題圍繞一個(gè)詞read 展開(kāi)，考查了不同時(shí)態(tài)、不同人稱情況下，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法。第1小題中can+原形動(dòng)詞；第2小題now表示的是現(xiàn)在，體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，she 是三單形式，故而 be+動(dòng)詞的ing形式是本小題需要的答案；第3小題不管后面出現(xiàn)什么，can+原形動(dòng)詞；第4小題every morning 體現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而my father是第三人稱，故而動(dòng)詞要用三單形式；第5小題did 之后加動(dòng)詞原形，答句中用過(guò)去式形式, read 的過(guò)去式和原形同形。 答案:1. read 2. is reading 3. read 4. reads 5. read; read,舉一反三 1. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1) We _(like) music. Now we _ (sing). (2) Lets _(go) to the cinema. (3) He _(is) ill yesterday. (4) Can you _clean) the table now？ (5) Do you _ (go) to the park on Saturdays？,like,are singing,go,was,clean,go,2. 單項(xiàng)填空。 ( ) (1) What did he _ yesterday? A.do B.does C.did ( ) (2) He is _ with his friend. A.talked B.talking C.talks,A,B,( ) (3) How is he feeling?He _ better. A.feels B.is feel C.is feeling ( ) (4) What are you doing?Im _ dinner. A.cook B.cooks C.cooking ( ) (5) Dont _ TV. A.watch B.watching C.watches,A,C,A,過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè),一、按要求改寫下列單詞。 1.have（第三人稱單數(shù)形式）_ 2.do（現(xiàn)在分詞）_ 3.slept（動(dòng)詞原形）_ 4.take（動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式）_,has,doing,sleep,took,e（反義詞）_ 6.wash（第三人稱單數(shù)形式）_ 7.driver（動(dòng)詞形式） _ 8.write（動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式）_ 9.sit（動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式）_ 10.told（動(dòng)詞原形）_,go,washes,drive,wrote,sat,tell,二、選詞填空，將下列短文補(bǔ)充完整。 My name is Sarah.I 1._an American girl but I 2._ in Guangzhou with my parents now. My father is a teacher.He 3._English.He likes 4._ pictures. Usually myfather 5._ to work by car,but yesterday he 6. _ by bus.My mother is a nurse.She 7._ in a big hospital. She often 8._ to work.She 9._ playing baseball very much.We often 10._ it together.,am,live,teaches,drawing,goes,went,works,walks,likes,play,三、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. _(be) these your shoes? 2. I can _(play) football every day. 3. I want to _(buy) some flowers for my mother. 4. Listen!Who is _(sing) over there? 5. He _(do) morning exercises every morning. 6. _ your mother _(wash) the clothes every day? 7. He _(not teach) English in our school. 8. He _(leave) his homework at home this morning.,Are,play,buy,singing,does,wash,Does,doesnt teach,left,9. Where _(be) the twins last night? 10. Can I _(watch) TV now? 11. My father likes _(collect) stamps. 12. Joes aunt _(work) in a factory last year. 13. We should _(help) each other. 14. The sun _(rise) in the east. 15. No _(smoke)! 16. _(have) this orange, please. 17. She _(stay) at home today. 18. Jack is good at _(run), and he is _(run) on the playground now.,were,watch,collecting,worked,help,rises,smoking,Have,stays,running,running,四、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Last term we _(have) eight subjects. We all _(study) very hard. 2. They _(go) to the park next Friday. 3. Its 10:00 in the morning. The pupils _(have) lessons in the classrooms now.,had,studied,will go / are going,are having,4. My mother _(go) shopping in the morning and _(take) exercise in the afternoon every day. 5. It _(be) always rainy and foggy last weekend, but this week it _(be) much _(good). 6. My brother and my sister _(be not) in China last year. They _(go) to England to _(study) English.,goes,takes,was,is,better,werent,went,study,7. Listen! Who _(sing)? Oh, this is Miss Green. She always _(sing) and _(dance) in the music room after school. Next Monday she _ (sing) for us in class. 8. _ your friends _(come) to your birthday party yesterday? Yes, and they _(give) me a lot of birthday presents.,is singing,sings,dances,will/is going to sing,Did,come,gave,五、單項(xiàng)填空。 ( )1. Can I _ your bike? Sure. A. ride B. riding C. to ride ( )2. My father _ a new car. He _ it very much. A. have; like B. has; likes C. has; like,A,B,( )3. _ he often _ his homework at school? A. Does; do B. Does; does C. Do; does ( )4. What is she doing? She _. A. sings B. will dance C. is tidying her room ( )5. I want to go _. A. swim B. to swimming C. swimming,A,C,C,( )6. The sun _ down in the west. A. go B. is going to C. goes ( )7. Mary often helps her mum _ the dishes. A. does B. do C. doing ( )8. I enjoy _ to music. A. listen B. listening C. listened,C,B,B,( )9. Father _ on his coat and went out. A. puts B. put C. putting ( )10. I _ to the teacher, but I didnt _ him. A. listen; heard B. listened; heard C. listened; hear ( )11. He _ after he finishes his homework. A. plays B. is going to play C. played,B,C,B,( )12. What _ you _ last weekend? A. will; do B. does; do C. did; do ( )13. Tony _ to school by bike last year. A. goes B. went C. will go ( )14. Mr Smith _ to see you in an hour. A. came B. comes C. will come,C,B,C,( )15. How soon _ they _ back from work? A. do; come B. did; come C. will; come ( )16. We _ TV at home this time yesterday afternoon. A. were watching B. watch C. would watch ( )17. Where _ you this morning? I _ at a meeting. A. were; was B. are; am C. do; am,C,A,A,( )18. My friend Peter _ very well. A. swim B. running C. sings ( )19. Li Lei _ like fish, but his sister _. A. dont; do B. doesnt; does C. isnt; is ( )20. Dont _ in class. Lets _ to the teacher. A. talking; listening B. talks; listens C. talk; listen,C,B,C,六、按要求完成下列句子。 1.Jenny will be a doctor in the future.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句） _ 2.He did his homework last night.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句，并作肯定回答） _ _,Will Jenny be a doctor in the future?,Did he do his homework last night?,Yes,he did.,3.He is _.（就畫線部分提問(wèn)） _ 4.Sarah can swim.（改為否定句） _ 5.My friend and I are going to play baseball next week.（用last week 改寫） _,What is he doing?,listening to music,Sarah cant swim.,My friend and I played baseball last week.,